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NEWS
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Vitamin B12 Levels Association with Functional and Structural Biomarkers of Central Nervous System Injury in Older Adults. Annals of Neurology 2025, Feb 10: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ana.27200.
Changing life expectancy in European countries 1990–2021: a subanalysis of causes and risk factors from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. The Lancet Public Health https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(25)00009-X.
Successful application of dietary ketogenic metabolic therapy in patients with glioblastoma: a clinical study. Frontiers in Nutrition 2025, 11: https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/nutrition/articles/10.3389/fnut.2024.1489812.
Alterations in Gut Microbiome-Host Relationships After Immune Perturbation in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 2025, 12:e200355. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39819054.
Impact of microbiota on female fertility and gynecological problems. Reproductive and Developmental Medicine 2024, 8:242-251. https://journals.lww.com/rdm/fulltext/2024/12000/impact_of_microbiota_on_female_fertility_and.7.aspx.

Kryptopyrroluria testing and treatment – GILIAN CROWTHER

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=THZhANfFnyY

https://klinghardtinstitute.com/category/video/

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https://www.casi.org/latest-clinical-research-zeolite-heavy-metal-detoxification

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Carotenuto A et al. The flavonoids of Allium ursinum. Phytochemistry. 1996 Feb;41(2):531-6; https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8821433/

https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/parsley

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Dobrikova AG et al. Cadmium toxicity in Salvia sclarea L.: An integrative response of element uptake, oxidative stress markers, leaf structure and photosynthesis. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2021 Feb;209:111851; https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33421673/; Rashwan HM et al. Bioactive phytochemicals from Salvia officinalis attenuate cadmium-induced oxidative damage and genotoxicity in rats. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021 Dec;28(48):68498-68512; https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34275073/

Hyun M et al. Melatonin protects against cadmium-induced oxidative stress via mitochondrial STAT3 signaling in human prostate stromal cells. Commun Biol. 2023 Feb 8;6(1):157; https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36750754/

Ferrero ME. Neuron Protection by EDTA May Explain the Successful Outcomes of Toxic Metal Chelation Therapy in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Biomedicines. 2022 Oct 4;10(10):2476; https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36289738/

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https://biologyinsights.com/zinc-ionophores-mechanisms-types-and-immune-function/

Velthuis AJ et al. Zn(2+) inhibits coronavirus and arterivirus RNA polymerase activity in vitro and zinc ionophores block the replication of these viruses in cell culture. PLoS Pathog. 2010 Nov 4;6(11):e1001176; https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21079686/

https://lpi.oregonstate.edu/mic/minerals/copper

Cu-RE Your Fatigue: The Root Cause and How To Fix It On Your Own ; Author, Morley Robbins ; Publisher, Gatekeeper Press, 2021, p. 163

Ramos D et al. Mechanism of Copper Uptake from Blood Plasma Ceruloplasmin by Mammalian Cells. PLoS One. 2016 Mar 2;11(3):e0149516; https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26934375/

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AZ and DEMENTIA – PATRICK HOLFORD

https://www.science.org/content/article/potential-fabrication-research-images-threatens-key-theory-alzheimers-disease#
Herrup K. The case for rejecting the amyloid cascade hypothesis. Nat Neurosci. 2015 Jun;18(6):794-9. doi: 10.1038/nn.4017. PMID: 26007212; also see references and full discussion in Chapter 8 of ‘How Not to Study a Disease: The Story of Alzheimer’s, K. Herrup (MIT Press)
Volloch V, Rits S. Results of Beta Secretase-Inhibitor Clinical Trials Support Amyloid Precursor Protein-Independent Generation of Beta Amyloid in Sporadic Alzheimer’s Disease. Med Sci (Basel). 2018 Jun 2;6(2):45. doi: 10.3390/medsci6020045. PMID: 29865246; PMCID: PMC6024788.
https://digitaleditions.telegraph.co.uk/data/1909/reader/reader.html?#!preferred/0/package/1909/pub/1909/page/29/article/NaN.
Ackley SF, Zimmerman SC, Brenowitz WD, Tchetgen Tchetgen EJ, Gold AL, Manly JJ, Mayeda ER, Filshtein TJ, Power MC, Elahi FM, Brickman AM, Glymour MM. Effect of reductions in amyloid levels on cognitive change in randomized trials: instrumental variable meta-analysis. BMJ. 2021 Feb 25;372:n156. doi: 10.1136/bmj.n156. Erratum in: BMJ. 2022 Aug 30;378:o2094. doi: 10.1136/bmj.o2094. PMID: 33632704; PMCID: PMC7905687.
https://www.alzheimers.org.uk/for-researchers/explaining-amyloid-research-study-controversy.
MRC grant – https://www.theguardian.com/society/2024/oct/24/tens-of-thousands-of-uk-dementia-patients-to-be-enrolled-in-clinical-trials?CMP=Share_iOSApp_Other
https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m0024ng7
Smith AD, Refsum H. Homocysteine, B Vitamins, and Cognitive Impairment. Annu Rev Nutr. 2016 Jul 17;36:211-39. doi: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-071715-050947. PMID: 27431367; see also LiJ-G,ChuJ,BarreroC,MeraliS,Pratico`D.2014.Homocysteine exacerbatesβ-amyloid, tau pathology, and cognitive deficit in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease with plaques and tangles. Ann. Neurol. 75:851–63; see also Shirafuji N et al Homocysteine Increases Tau Phosphorylation, Truncation and Oligomerization. Int J Mol Sci. 2018 Mar 17;19(3):891. doi: 10.3390/ijms19030891. PMID: 29562600; PMCID: PMC5877752; see also Bossenmeyer-Pourié C et al. N-homocysteinylation of tau and MAP1 is increased in autopsy specimens of Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia. J Pathol. 2019 Jul;248(3):291-303. doi: 10.1002/path.5254. Epub 2019 Mar 19. PMID: 307349
Arvanitakis Z, Wilson RS, Bienias JL, Evans DA, Bennett DA. Diabetes mellitus and risk of Alzheimer disease and decline in cognitive function. Arch Neurol. 2004 May;61(5):661-6. doi: 10.1001/archneur.61.5.661. PMID: 15148141; see alsoYaffe K, Blackwell T, Kanaya AM, Davidowitz N, Barrett-Connor E, Krueger K. Diabetes, impaired fasting glucose, and development of cognitive impairment in older women. Neurology [Internet]. 2004 Aug 24 [cited 2022 Mar 16];63(4):658–63. Available from: https://n.neurology.org/content/63/4/658; see also Tiehuis AM, van der Graaf Y, Visseren FL, Vincken KL, Biessels GJ, Appelman APA, et al. Diabetes Increases Atrophy and Vascular Lesions on Brain MRI in Patients With Symptomatic Arterial Disease. Stroke. 2008 May;39(5):1600–3; see also Samaras K, Lutgers HL, Kochan NA, Crawford JD, Campbell LV, Wen W, et al. The impact of glucose disorders on cognition and brain volumes in the elderly: the Sydney Memory and Ageing Study. AGE [Internet]. 2014 Jan 9 [cited 2022 Aug 5];36(2):977–93. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4039246/; see also Mortby ME, Janke AL, Anstey KJ, Sachdev PS, Cherbuin N. High ‘normal’ blood glucose is associated with decreased brain volume and cognitive performance in the 60s: the PATH through life study. PLoS One. 2013 Sep 4;8(9):e73697. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073697. PMID: 24023897; PMCID: PMC3762736; see also Crane PK, Walker R, Hubbard RA, Li G, Nathan DM, Zheng H, Haneuse S, Craft S, Montine TJ, Kahn SE, McCormick W, McCurry SM, Bowen JD, Larson EB. Glucose levels and risk of dementia. N Engl J Med. 2013 Aug 8;369(6):540-8. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1215740. Erratum in: N Engl J Med. 2013 Oct 10;369(15):1476. PMID: 23924004; PMCID: PMC3955123.; see also Luchsinger JA, Tang MX, Shea S, Mayeux R. Hyperinsulinemia and risk of Alzheimer disease. Neurology. 2004 Oct 12;63(7):1187-92. doi: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000140292.04932.87. PMID: 15477536; see also Abbatecola AM, Paolisso G, Lamponi M, Bandinelli S, Lauretani F, Launer L, Ferrucci L. Insulin resistance and executive dysfunction in older persons. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2004 Oct;52(10):1713-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2004.52466.x. PMID: 15450050; see also Ye X, Gao X, Scott T, Tucker KL. Habitual sugar intake and cognitive function among middle-aged and older Puerto Ricans without diabetes. Br J Nutr. 2011 Nov;106(9):1423-32; doi: 10.1017/S0007114511001760. Epub 2011 Jun 1. PMID: 21736803; PMCID: PMC4876724; see also Power SE, O’Connor EM, Ross RP, Stanton C, O’Toole PW, Fitzgerald GF, Jeffery IB. Dietary glycaemic load associated with cognitive performance in elderly subjects. Eur J Nutr. 2015 Jun;54(4):557-68; doi: 10.1007/s00394-014-0737-5. Epub 2014 Jul 18. PMID: 25034880; see also Seetharaman S, Andel R, McEvoy C, Dahl Aslan AK, Finkel D, Pedersen NL. Blood glucose, diet-based glycemic load and cognitive aging among dementia-free older adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2015 Apr;70(4):471-9; doi: 10.1093/gerona/glu135. Epub 2014 Aug 22. PMID: 25149688; PMCID: PMC4447796; see also Taylor MK, Sullivan DK, Swerdlow RH, Vidoni ED, Morris JK, Mahnken JD, Burns JM. A high-glycemic diet is associated with cerebral amyloid burden in cognitively normal older adults. Am J Clin Nutr. 2017 Dec;106(6):1463-1470. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.117.162263. Epub 2017 Oct 25. PMID: 29070566; PMCID: PMC5698843; see also Gentreau M, Raymond M, Chuy V, Samieri C, Féart C, Berticat C, Artero S. High Glycemic Load Is Associated with Cognitive Decline in Apolipoprotein E ε4 Allele Carriers. Nutrients. 2020 Nov 25;12(12):3619. doi: 10.3390/nu12123619. PMID: 33255701; PMCID: PMC7761247.
Xie W, Hou Y, Xiao S, Zhang X, Zhang Z. Association between disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs for rheumatoid arthritis and risk of incident dementia: a systematic review with meta-analysis. RMD Open. 2024 Feb 27;10(1):e004016. doi: 10.1136/rmdopen-2023-004016. PMID: 38413170; PMCID: PMC10900342.

Beydoun MA, Beydoun HA, Gamaldo AA, Teel A, Zonderman AB, Wang Y. Epidemiologic studies of modifiable factors associated with cognition and dementia: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health. 2014 Jun 24;14:643. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-643. PMID: 24962204; PMCID: PMC4099157.
Teng Z, Feng J, Liu R, Ji Y, Xu J,Jiang X, Chen H, Dong Y, Meng N, Xiao Y, Xie X and Lv P (2022) Cerebral small vessel disease mediates the association between homocysteine and cognitive function. Front. Aging Neurosci. 14:868777. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.868777
Chen C, Whitsel EA, Espeland MA, Snetselaar L, Hayden KM, Lamichhane AP, Serre ML, Vizuete W, Kaufman JD, Wang X, Chui HC, D’Alton ME, Chen JC, Kahe K. B vitamin intakes modify the association between particulate air pollutants and incidence of all-cause dementia: Findings from the Women’s Health Initiative Memory Study. Alzheimers Dement. 2022 Nov;18(11):2188-2198. doi: 10.1002/alz.12515. Epub 2022 Feb 1. PMID: 35103387; PMCID: PMC9339592.

Ye BS, Kim HJ, Kim YJ, Jung NY, Lee JS, Lee J, Jang YK, Yang JJ, Lee JM, Vogel JW, Na DL, Seo SW. Longitudinal outcomes of amyloid positive versus negative amnestic mild cognitive impairments: a three-year longitudinal study. Sci Rep. 2018 Apr 3;8(1):5557. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-23676-w. PMID: 29615677; PMCID: PMC5883059.

Lopez OL, Villemagne VL, Chang YF, Cohen AD, Klunk WE, Mathis CA, Pascoal T, Ikonomovic MD, Rowe C, Dore V, Snitz BE, Lopresti BJ, Kamboh MI, Aizenstein HJ, Kuller LH. Association Between β-Amyloid Accumulation and Incident Dementia in Individuals 80 Years or Older Without Dementia. Neurology. 2024 Jan 23;102(2):e207920. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000207920. Epub 2023 Dec 22. PMID: 38165336; PMCID: PMC10870745.

University of Chicago podcast with Prof Karl Herrup, “Where has Alzheimer’s research gone wrong?” March 21, 2024: https://news.uchicago.edu/where-has-alzheimers-research-gone-wrong.

MAGNESIUM AND D

Lin LY, Smeeth L, Langan S, Warren-Gash C: Distribution of vitamin D status in the UK: a cross-sectional analysis of UK Biobank. BMJ Open 2021, 11:e038503. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7789460.
https://www.vitafoodsinsights.com/vitamins-minerals/half-of-uk-consumers-unaware-of-vitamin-d-supplementation-guidelines.
https://www.forthwithlife.co.uk/blog/uk-vitamin-d-statistics/#:~:text=Vitamin%20D%20is%20one%20of,optimal%20levels%20of%20vitamin%20D.
9-Cis retinoic acid reduces 1alpha,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol-induced renal calcification by altering vitamin K-dependent gamma-carboxylation of matrix gamma-carboxyglutamic acid protein in A/J male mice. J Nutr 2008, 138:2337-2341. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19022954.
“Tufts University Confirms That Vitamin A Protects Against Vitamin D Toxicity by Curbing Excess Production of Vitamin K-Dependent Proteins”, y Chris Masterjohn, PhD: https://chrismasterjohnphd.substack.com/p/tufts-university-confirms-that-vitamin.
Magnesium, vitamin D status and mortality: results from US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001 to 2006 and NHANES III. BMC Med 2013, 11:187. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3765911.
Magnesium Status and Stress: The Vicious Circle Concept Revisited. Nutrients 2020, 12. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7761127.
Association of magnesium and vitamin D status with grip strength and fatigue in older adults: a 4-week observational study of geriatric participants undergoing rehabilitation. Aging Clin Exp Res 2023, 35:1619-1629. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10245357/#Sec2.
Low serum micronutrient concentrations predict frailty among older women living in the community. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2006, 61:594-599. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16799142.
Higher Magnesium Intake Is Associated with a Lower Risk of Frailty in Older Adults. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2025, 26:105335.
Low magnesium in conjunction with high homocysteine increases DNA damage in healthy middle aged Australians. European Journal of Nutrition 2024. DOI: 10.1007/s00394-024-03449-0.
Maternal vitamin D status, fetal growth patterns, and adverse pregnancy outcomes in a multisite prospective pregnancy cohort. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2025, 121, 2: Feb, 376-384. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002916524008906?via%3Dihub.

RESEARCH UPDATE

Plasma proteomics identify biomarkers and undulating changes of brain aging. Nature Aging 2025, 5:99-112. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43587-024-00753-6.
Thalamic opioids from POMC satiety neurons switch on sugar appetite. Science 2025; 387 (6735): 750. DOI: 10.1126/science.adp1510.
Associations between diet quality indices and psoriasis severity: results from the Asking People with Psoriasis about Lifestyle and Eating (APPLE) cross-sectional study. British Journal of Nutrition, 2025; 1 DOI: 10.1017/S0007114525000340.
Associations between diet quality indices and psoriasis severity: results from the Asking People with Psoriasis about Lifestyle and Eating (APPLE) cross-sectional study. British Journal of Nutrition 2025; 1. DOI: 10.1017/S0007114525000340.
Integrating the environmental and genetic architectures of aging and mortality. Nature Medicine 2025, Feb 19: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-024-03483-9.

Flame-Free Candles Are Not Pollution-Free: Scented Wax Melts as a Significant Source of Atmospheric Nanoparticles. Environmental Science & Technology Letters 2025; 12 (2): 175 DOI: 10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00986.
Real-time evaluation of terpene emissions and exposures during the use of scented wax products in residential buildings with PTR-TOF-MS. Building and Environment 2024; 255: 111314 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.111314.
Rapid Nucleation and Growth of Indoor Atmospheric Nanocluster Aerosol during the Use of Scented Volatile Chemical Products in Residential Buildings. ACS ES&T Air 2024; 1 (10): 1276 DOI: 10.1021/acsestair.4c00118.

An abundant ginger compound furanodienone alleviates gut inflammation via the xenobiotic nuclear receptor PXR in mice. Nature Communications 2025; 16 (1), Feb 3L https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-025-56624-0.
Piperideine-6-carboxylic acid regulates vitamin B6 homeostasis and modulates systemic immunity in plants. Nature Plants 2025, 11:263-278. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41477-025-01906-0.

NEWS

A triad of somatic mutagenesis converges in self-reactive B cells to cause a virus-induced autoimmune disease. Immunity 2025, Jan 15. DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.12.011.
Undernutrition and antibody response to measles, tetanus and Haemophilus Influenzae type b (Hib) vaccination in pre-school south African children: The VHEMBE birth cohort study. Vaccine, 2024; 126564 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126564. 
Predictive equation derived from 6,497 doubly labelled water measurements enables the detection of erroneous self-reported energy intake. Nature Food 2025, 6:58-71. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-024-01089-5.

Long-Term Intake of Red Meat in Relation to Dementia Risk and Cognitive Function in US Adults. Neurology 2025, 104:e210286. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39813632.

Willett has stated… quote from “Vegan diet can benefit both health and the environment”, Harvard TC Chan School of Public Health, Jan 8, 2019: https://hsph.harvard.edu/news/vegan-diet-health-environment.

Definition of the Mediterranean Diet; a Literature Review. Nutrients 2015, 7:9139-9153. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4663587.

An Evidence Base for Heart Disease Prevention using a Mediterranean Diet Comprised Primarily of Vegetarian Food. Recent Adv Food Nutr Agric 2023, 14:135-143. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37489789.

Cleveland Cinic: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/16037-mediterranean-diet.

Plant-Based Diets versus the Mediterranean Dietary Pattern and Their Socio-Demographic Determinants in the Spanish Population: Influence on Health and Lifestyle Habits. Nutrients 2024, 16L https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38732525.

NEW PRODUCTS
Utilising a Real-Time Continuous Glucose Monitor as Part of a Low Glycaemic Index and Load Diet and Determining Its Effect on Improving Dietary Intake, Body Composition and Metabolic Parameters of Overweight and Obese Young Adults: A Randomised Controlled Trial. Foods 2022;11(12):1754. Jun 15. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35741952.

ORAL HEALTH

1. Nepali oral microbiomes reflect a gradient of lifestyles from traditional to industrialized. Microbiome 2024; 12 (1). DOI: 10.1186/s40168-024-01941-7.
   2. The Benefits of Probiotics on Oral Health: Systematic Review of the Literature. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023, Sept 16, 16(9):1313. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10534711/ .
2. Chronic Periodontitis and Immunity, Towards the Implementation of a Personalized Medicine: A Translational Research on Gene Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) Linked to Chronic Oral Dysbiosis in 96 Caucasian Patients. Biomedicines 2020, May 9; 8(5):115. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7277173.
   4. Contribution of collagen-binding protein Cnm of Streptococcus mutans to induced IgA nephropathy-like nephritis in rats. Communications Biology 2024, 7:1141. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-024-06826-x.
   5. Caspase-11 mediated inflammasome activation in macrophages by systemic infection of A. actinomycetemcomitans exacerbates arthritis. Int J Oral Science 2024; 16 (1). DOI: 10.1038/s41368-024-00315-x.
3. Probiotic Supplementation for Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Promising Adjuvant Therapy in the Gut Microbiome Era. Front Pharmacol 2021, 12:711788. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8346200/#s4.
4. Preparing and Characterizing of Xyloglucan Films Containing Tea Extract for Oral Mucositis. ACS Omega 2024, Dec 19, 10 (1): 390: https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.4c06410.

KRYPTOPYRROLURIA – GILIAN CROWTHER

1. Hoffer A. The discovery of kryptopyrrole and its importance in diagnosis of biochemical imbalances in schizophrenia and in criminal behavior.J Orthomol Med. 1995;10 (1):3-6
2. https://www.amazon.co.uk/Nutrition-Mental-Illness-Orthomolecular-Balancing/dp/0892812265.
3. https://www.integrativepsychiatry.net/health-condition/pyroluria-kryptopyroluria.
4. “Kryptopyrroluria (aka Hemopyrrollactamuria) 2017: A Major Piece of the Puzzle in Overcoming Chronic Lyme Disease”, by Scott Forsgren, FDN-P and Dietrich Klinghardt, MD, PhD, https://www.townsendletter.com/July2017/krypto0717.html.
   5. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=THZhANfFnyY: full-length video of Dr. Klinghardt’s on KPU, especially in autism.
5. https://bionumbers.hms.harvard.edu/bionumber.aspx?s=n&v=8&id=102740#:~:text=A%20typical%20erythrocyte% 20contains%20about,each%20carrying%20four%20heme%20groups
   7. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2263/#:~:text=Every%20second%2C%202%2D3%20million,containing%204%2D6%20million%20cells
6. The omega-6/omega-3 fatty acid ratio: health implications. Oléagineux, Corps Gras, Lipides 2010, 17, 267-275.
7. Ogun AS, Joy NV, Valentine M. Biochemistry, Heme Synthesis. 2023 May 1. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan–. PMID: 30726014.
8. Joachim Strienz, “Leben mit KPU – Kryptopyrrolurie” (Living with KPU – Kryptopyrroluria, only available in German).
   11. The mauve factor of porphyria, 3-ethyl-5-hydroxy-4, 5-dimethyl-delta-3-pyrroline-2-one: Effects on behaviour of rats and mice.BCPT (Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology) 1990, 66(1):66–68. 
9. https://lpi.oregonstate.edu/mic/vitamins/vitamin-B6
10. Role of heme in cardiovascular physiology and disease. J Am Heart Assoc 2015 Jan 5;4(1):e001138.
11. https://www.galaxus.de/en/s12/product/kpuhpu-common-but-unrecognized-mitochondrial-disorders-kyra-kauffmann-sascha-kauffmann-german-refere-8221719
12. KPU/HPU häufige, aber verkannte Mitochondrienstörungen, 3rd edition 2018, Kyra Kauffmann, Sascha Kauffmann
13. A possible role of copper in the regulation of heme biosynthesis through ferrochelatase. Adv Exp Med Biol 1975, 58(00):343-54.
14. Mineral and vitamin deficiencies can accelerate the mitochondrial decay of aging. Mol Aspects Med 2005, Aug-Oct; 26(4-5):363-78.
15. Op cit., Kyra Kauffmann, Sascha Kauffmann
16. https://therootcauseprotocol.com/iron-toxicity-post-75-formerly-itp76/

Further literature and resources on KPU:

Clinical significance and importance of elevated urinary kryptopyrroles (UKP): self-reported observations and experience of Australian clinicians using UKP testing. Adv Integr Med 2021; 8 (3): 159–166.

Sixty years of conjecture over a urinary biomarker: a step closer to understanding the proposed link between anxiety and urinary pyrroles. Lab Med 2023 Sep 12:lmad086.

Pyrroles as a Potential Biomarker for Oxidative Stress Disorders. Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Feb 1;24(3):2712.

Clinical Test of Pyrroles in Psychiatric Disorders: Association with Nutritional, Immunological and Metabolic Markers. Journal of Nutritional Therapeutics 2015, 4. 4-11. 10.6000/1929-5634.2015.04.01.2.

 Kryptopyrroluria (aka Hemopyrrollactamuria): A Major Piece of the Puzzle in Overcoming Chronic Lyme Disease. Explore 2009, 18 (6).

Gilian Crowther: AONM Cell Symbiosis Therapy (CST) Series Kryptopyrroluria – The Elephant in the Room. Academy of Nutritional Medicine (AONM) 2015.

ADHS/ADS – Kryptopyrrolurie als oft verkannte Ursache. 2013 Symptome.Ch. https://www.symptome.ch/blog/ads-adhs-ursache-kpu.

Hoffmann, K., & Kauffmann, S. (2014). KPU, Kryptopyrrolurie: Eine häufige, aber vergessene Stoffwechselstörung. Hachinger Verlagsgesellschaft.

Kryptopyrrolurie – die nicht beachtete Krankheit. (n.d.). Kpu-berlin.de. https://www.kpu-berlin.de.

RESEARCH UPDATE
Skeletal muscle adiposity, coronary microvascular dysfunction, and adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Eur Heart J 2025, Jan 20:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39827905.
Associations of preconception air pollution exposure with growth trajectory in young children: A prospective cohort study. Environmental Research 2025, 267:120665. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013935124025696.

Time to Form a Habit: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Health Behaviour Habit Formation and Its Determinants. Healthcare 2024; 12 (23): 2488, https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/12/23/2488.
Persistent symptoms and clinical findings in adults with post-acute sequelae of COVID-19/post-COVID-19 syndrome in the second year after acute infection: A population-based, nested case-control study. PLoS Med 2025, 22(1): e1004511. http://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1004511.

Kaempferol Exerts Anti‐Inflammatory Effects by Accelerating Treg Development via Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor‐Mediated and PU.1/IRF4‐Dependent Transactivation of the Aldh1a2/Raldh2 Gene in Dendritic Cells. Allergy 2024, https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/all.16410.

NEWS

Lumbrokinase:

1. Data-independent LC-MS/MS analysis of ME/CFS plasma reveals a dysregulated coagulation system, endothelial dysfunction, downregulation of complement machinery. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2024, 23:254. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39014464.
2. Persistent clotting protein pathology in Long COVID/Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) is accompanied by increased levels of antiplasmin. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2021, 20:172. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8381139.
3. SARS-CoV-2 spike protein S1 induces fibrin(ogen) resistant to fibrinolysis: implications for microclot formation in COVID-19. Biosci Rep 2021, 41: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8380922.
4. A Champion of Host Defense: A Generic Large-Scale Cause for Platelet Dysfunction and Depletion in Infection. Semin Thromb Hemost 2020, 46:302-319. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32279287.
   5. Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome in the Era of the Human Microbiome: Persistent Pathogens Drive Chronic Symptoms by Interfering With Host Metabolism, Gene Expression, and Immunity. Front Pediatr 2018, 6:373. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30564562.
   6. Peptidoglycan recognition by the innate immune system. Nature Rev Immunology 2018, 18: 243-54. https://doi.org/10.1038/nri.2017.136.
5. Acute induction of anomalous and amyloidogenic blood clotting by molecular amplification of highly substoichiometric levels of bacterial lipopolysaccharide. J R Soc Interface 2016, 13: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27605168.
6. A novel fibrinolytic enzyme extracted from the earthworm, Lumbricus rubellus. Jpn J Physiol 1991, 41:461-472. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1960890.
7. Recombinant protein production of earthworm lumbrokinase for potential antithrombotic application. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2013, 2013:783971. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24416067.

Pre-diagnosis dietary patterns and risk of multiple myeloma in the NIH-AARP diet and health study. Leukemia 2024, 38:438-441. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41375-023-02132-3.
Association of dietary patterns derived by reduced-rank regression with colorectal cancer risk and mortality. European Journal of Nutrition 2024, 64:33. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-024-03513-9.

Difference in Gastrointestinal Cancer Risk and Mortality by Dietary Pattern Analysis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrition Reviews 2024. https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuae090.

“Food industry has infiltrated UK children’s education: stealth marketing exposed”. BMJ 2024, Dec 14, 387: q2661. https://www.bmj.com/content/387/bmj.q2661.

Beta-hydroxybutyrate is a metabolic regulator of proteostasis in the aged and Alzheimer disease brain. Cell Chemical Biology 2024 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chembiol.2024.11.001

A β-hydroxybutyrate shunt pathway generates anti-obesity ketone metabolites. Cell 2024: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0092867424012145.

Dietary fructose enhances tumour growth indirectly via interorgan lipid transfer. Nature 2024: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-08258-3.

EGCG – National Institutes of Health National Centre for Biotechnology Information PubChem website: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Epigallocatechin-Gallate.

IRON

The prevalence and associated mortality of non-anaemic iron deficiency in older adults: a 14 years observational cohort study. Br J Haematol 2020, 189:566-572.

Iron deficiency anemia: a common and curable disease. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2013, 3: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3685880/#A011866C7.

Forging a field: The golden age of iron biology. Blood 2008, 112: 219–230. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2442739.

Iron and Cancer Risk—A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Epidemiological Evidence. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention 2014, 23:12-31. https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-13-0733.

Biting the Iron Bullet: Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Adds the Pain of Hepcidin to Chronic Liver Disease. Hepatology 2010, 51(2):705-707. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2849800/pdf/nihms180510.pdf.

Ceruloplasmin-ferroportin system of iron traffic in vertebrates. World J Biol Chem 2014, 5:204-215.
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4050113.

Inappropriate expression of hepcidin is associated with iron refractory anemia: implications for the anemia of chronic disease. Blood 2002, 100:3776-3781. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2002-04-1260.

Ageing limits stemness and tumorigenesis by reprogramming iron homeostasis. Nature 2024, Dec 4: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-08285-0.

GUT HEALTH

Fungal symbiont transmitted by free-living mice promotes type 2 immunity. Nature 2024, Nov 27: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-08213-2.

Carrageenan and insulin resistance in humans: a randomised double-blind cross-over trial. BMC Medicine 2024, Nov 26, 22 (1), https://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12916-024-03771-8.

Peripheral, but not central, IGF-1 treatment attenuates stroke-induced cognitive impairment in middle-aged female Sprague Dawley rats: The gut as a therapeutic target. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity 2024; 122: 150-166. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0889159124005300?via%3Dihub.
Bifidobacterium bifidum Strain BB1 Inhibits Tumor Necrosis Factor-α–Induced Increase in Intestinal Epithelial Tight Junction Permeability via Toll-Like Receptor-2/Toll-Like Receptor-6 Receptor Complex–Dependent Stimulation of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ and Suppression of NF-κB p65. The American Journal of Pathology 2024, 194:1664-1683. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajpath.2024.05.012.

Single-cell integration reveals metaplasia in inflammatory gut diseases. Nature 2024, Nov 20, 635 (8039): 699. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-07571-1.

Global burden of inflammatory bowel disease. The Lancet 2020, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31648974.
“New research shows over 1 in 123 people in UK living with Crohn’s or Colitis. (2022)”. Crohn’s & Colitis UK: https://crohnsandcolitis.org.uk/news-stories/news-items/new-research-shows-over-1-in-123-people-in-uk-living-with-crohn-s-or-colitis.

Bowel cancer. Bowel Cancer UK – https://www.bowelcanceruk.org.uk/about-bowel-cancer/bowel-cancer.

Global burden of colorectal cancer in 2020 and 2040: incidence and mortality estimates from GLOBOCAN. Gut 2024: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36604116.

Oxytocin Analogues for the Oral Treatment of Abdominal Pain. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202415333. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39384545.

Maternal probiotic supplementation protects against PBDE-induced developmental, behavior and metabolic reprogramming in a sexually dimorphic manner: Role of gut microbiome. Archives of Toxicology 2024: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00204-024-03882-4.

Spatially restricted immune and microbiota-driven adaptation of the gut. Nature 2024, Nov 20: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-08216-z.

Maternal gut microbiota influence stem cell function in offspring. Cell Stem Cell 2024, Dec 11:  https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1934590924003655.

Gut microbiota patterns associated with duration of diarrhea in children under five years of age in Ethiopia. Nature Communications 2024; 15 (1) https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-024-51464-w.

THIAMIINE – Dr CHANDLER MARRS

1. 1. Refeeding Syndrome: A Critical Reality in Patients with Chronic Disease. Nutrients 2022, 14:2859. https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/14/2859.
2. “Paradoxical Reactions With TTFD: The Methylation Connection”, by Elliot Overton. July 18, 2022L https://hormonesmatter.com/paradoxical-reactions-ttfd-methylation-connection.
3. “Paradoxical Reactions With TTFD: The Glutathione Connection”, by Elliot Overton. June 21, 2023: https://hormonesmatter.com/paradoxical-reactions-with-ttfd-the-glutathione-connection.
4. Wiley KD, Gupta M. Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) Deficiency. [Updated 2023 Jul 17]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan-: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537204.
   5. Wet beriberi with multiple organ failure remarkably reversed by thiamine administration: A case report and literature review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018, 97:e0010. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5851725/#!po=18.4211.
5. Cardiac beriberi: morphological findings in two fatal cases. Diagnostic Pathology 2011, 6:8. https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-1596-6-8.
   7. HIF1-α-mediated gene expression induced by vitamin B1 deficiency. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 2013, 83:188-197. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24846908.
   8. Abolition of reperfusion-induced arrhythmias in hearts from thiamine-deficient rats. Am J Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 2007, 293:H394-H401. https://journals.physiology.org/doi/abs/10.1152/ajpheart.00833.2006.
6. Mitochondrial Ca2+ regulation in the etiology of heart failure: physiological and pathophysiological implications. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2020, 41:1301-1309. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41401-020-0476-5.
   10. Metabolism in cardiomyopathy: every substrate matters. Cardiovasc Res 2017, 113:411-421. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28395011.
   11. Metabolic inflexibility: when mitochondrial indecision leads to metabolic gridlock. Cell 2014, 159:1253-1262. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4765362.
7. Metabolism in cardiomyopathy: every substrate matters. Cardiovasc Res 2017, 113:411-421. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28395011.
8. Independent modulation of the activity of alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex by Ca2+ and Mg2+. Biochemistry 1996, 35:427-432. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8555212.
   14. Mitochondrial Ca2+ regulation in the etiology of heart failure: physiological and pathophysiological implications. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2020, 41:1301-1309. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41401-020-0476-5.
9. Mitochondrial Ca2+ regulation in the etiology of heart failure: physiological and pathophysiological implications. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2020, 41:1301-1309. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41401-020-0476-5.
   16. Abolition of reperfusion-induced arrhythmias in hearts from thiamine-deficient rats. Am J Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 2007, 293:H394-H401. https://journals.physiology.org/doi/abs/10.1152/ajpheart.00833.2006.
10. Mitochondrial calcium handling and heart disease in diabetes mellitus. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) – Molecular Basis of Disease 2021, 1867:165984. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S092544392030332X.
11. Independent modulation of the activity of alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex by Ca2+ and Mg2+. Biochemistry 1996, 35:427-432. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8555212.
    19. Mitochondrial calcium handling and heart disease in diabetes mellitus. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) – Molecular Basis of Disease 2021, 1867:165984. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S092544392030332X.
12. Regulation of mitochondrial dehydrogenases by calcium ions. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) – Bioenergetics 2009, 1787:1309-1316. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0005272809000127.
13. Calcium signaling and cytotoxicity. Environ Health Perspect 1999, 107 Suppl 1:25-35. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10229704.
    22. Mitochondrial Ca2+ regulation in the etiology of heart failure: physiological and pathophysiological implications. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2020, 41:1301-1309. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41401-020-0476-5.
14. Ryanodine receptors: structure, expression, molecular details, and function in calcium release. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2010, 2:a003996. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2964179/#abstract1.
15. Modulation of cardiac ryanodine receptor channels by alkaline earth cations. PLoS One 2011, 6:e26693. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22039534.
16. The Antioxidative Function of Alpha-Ketoglutarate and Its Applications. BioMed Research International 2018, 2018:3408467. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1155/2018/3408467.
17. Mitochondrial Ca2+ regulation in the etiology of heart failure: physiological and pathophysiological implications. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2020, 41:1301-1309. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41401-020-0476-5.
    27. Shoshin beri-beri precipitated by intravenous glucose. Crit Care Resusc 2002, 4:31-34. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16573401.
    28. Inhibition of mammalian carbonic anhydrase isoforms I, II and VI with thiamine and thiamine-like molecules. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2013, 28:316-319. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22145674.
18. Carbon dioxide elimination by cardiomyocytes: a tale of high carbonic anhydrase activity and membrane permeability. Acta Physiologica 2017, 221:95-97. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/apha.12922.

RESEARCH update

Bifidobacterium animalis Probio-M8 improves sarcopenia physical performance by mitigating creatine restrictions imposed by microbial metabolites. npj Biofilms and Microbiomes 2024, 10:144. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41522-024-00618-1.

Bifidobacterium lactis Probio-M8 relieved acute respiratory tract infections in children possibly by modulating the gut microbes and metabolites. Journal of Functional Foods 2024, 115:106111. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1756464624001130.

Pregnancy vitamin D supplementation and offspring bone mineral density in childhood follow-up of a randomized controlled trial. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2024; 120 (5): 1134. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002916524007469.

Integration of lipidomics with targeted, single cell, and spatial transcriptomics defines an unresolved pro-inflammatory state in colon cancer. Gut 2024. https://gut.bmj.com/content/gutjnl/early/2024/11/26/gutjnl-2024-332535.full.pdf.

SPMs

1. Skarke C, et al. J Lipid Res. 2015, Sep;56(9):1808-20
2. Schaller MS, et al. J Clin Lipidol. 2017 Sep -Oct;11(5):1289-1295.
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6. Souza PR, et al. Circ Res. 2020 Jan 3;126(1):75-90.
7. Resolvins, specialized proresolving lipid mediators, and their potential roles in metabolic diseases. Cell Metab 2014, 19:21-36. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24239568.

WELCOME

Association of dietary niacin intake with the prevalence and incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Scientific Reports 2024, 14:2863. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-53387-4.

“Big Pharma raked in USD 90 billion in profits with COVID-19 vaccines”, by Esther de Haan: https://www.somo.nl/big-pharma-raked-in-usd-90-billion-in-profits-with-covid-19-vaccines.

NEWS

Overnutrition causes insulin resistance and metabolic disorder through increased sympathetic nervous system activity. Cell Metabolism https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2024.09.012.

CHEMO-PREVENT: https://coloprevent.co.uk.

Cancer chemoprevention: Evidence of a nonlinear dose response for the protective effects of resveratrol in humans and mice. Sci Transl Med 2015, 7:298ra117:  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4827609.

Associations of plasma omega‐6 and omega‐3 fatty acids with overall and 19 site‐specific cancers: A population‐based cohort study in UK Biobank. International Journal of Cancer, 2024; DOI: 10.1002/ijc.35226

A randomized trial of pharmacological ascorbate, gemcitabine, and nab-paclitaxel for metastatic pancreatic cancer. Redox Biology 2024, 77:103375. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213231724003537.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Iron Metabolism with T2* Mapping Predicts an Enhanced Clinical Response to Pharmacologic Ascorbate in Patients with GBM. Clin Cancer Res 2024, 30:283-293. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37773633.

Evaluation of pancreatic proteolytic enzyme treatment of adenocarcinoma of the pancreas, with nutrition and detoxification support. Nutr Cancer 1999, 33:117-124. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10368805.

Content of Selected Nutrients and Potential Contaminants in Prenatal Multivitamins and Minerals: an Observational Study. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2024, Nov 19: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0002916524008852.

Choline: Exploring the Growing Science on Its Benefits for Moms and Babies. Nutrients 2019, 11: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6722688.

Choline Supplementation in Pregnancy: Current Evidence and Implications. Cureus 2023, 15:e48538: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10709661.  

Dietary zinc deficiency promotes Acinetobacter baumannii lung infection via IL-13 in mice. Nature Microbiology 2024, Nov 15: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41564-024-01849-w.

Iatrogenic copper deficiency: Risks and cautions with zinc prescribing. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 2023, 89:2825-2829. https://bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/bcp.15749.

A kidney-specific fasting-mimicking diet induces podocyte reprogramming and restores renal function in glomerulopathy. Science Translational Medicine 2024, 16:eadl5514. https://www.science.org/doi/abs/10.1126/scitranslmed.adl5514.

LIVER

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RESEARCH UPDATE

A yeast-based oral therapeutic delivers immune checkpoint inhibitors to reduce intestinal tumor burden. Cell Chemical Biology 2024, Nov 20. DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2024.10.013.

Food Records Show Daily Variation in Diet during Pregnancy: Results from the Temporal Research in Eating, Nutrition, and Diet during Pregnancy Study. Journal of Nutrition 2024. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022316624011155.

Sucrase isomaltase dysfunction reduces sucrose intake in mice and humans. Gastroenterology 2024. DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2024.10.040.

Assessment of Dietary Intake Using Food Photography and Video Recording in Free-Living Young Adults: A Comparative Study. J Acad Nutr Diet 2021, 121:749-761.e741: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7975321.  

Sucrase isomaltase dysfunction reduces sucrose intake in mice and humans. Gastroenterology 2024, Nov12. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2024.10.040.

De Novo Production of the Bioactive Phenylpropanoid Artepillin C Using Membrane-Bound Prenyltransferase in Komagataella phaffii. ACS Synthetic Biology 2024. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssynbio.4c00472.

Association of phenol exposure during pregnancy and asthma development in children: The Japan Environment and Children’s study. Environmental Pollution 2024, 361:124801. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S026974912401515X.

The massed-spaced learning effect in non-neural human cells. Nature Communications, 2024; 15 (1) DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-53922-x.

NREM sleep improves behavioral performance by desynchronizing cortical circuits. Science 2024, Nov 21, 386 (6724): 892 https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adr3339.

A latent cardiomyocyte regeneration potential in human heart disease. Circulation 2024, Nov 21: https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.123.067156.

Myocardial infarction augments sleep to limit cardiac inflammation and damage. Nature 2024, 635:168-177.

Blood Pressure Decreases in Overweight Elderly Individuals on Vitamin D: A Randomized Trial. Journal of the Endocrine Society 2024, Nov 12: https://academic.oup.com/jes/article/8/12/bvae168/7888766.

Kimchi:

Effects of kimchi consumption on body fat and intestinal microbiota in overweight participants: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single-center clinical trial. Journal of Functional Foods 2024, 121:106401. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1756464624004031.

Kimchi Intake Alleviates Obesity-Induced Neuroinflammation by Modulating the Gut-Brain Axis, Food Res Int 2022: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0963996922005919?via%3Dihub.  
Effect of Kimchi Intake on Body Weight of General Community Dwellers: a Prospective Cohort Study. Food & Function 2023: https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2023/fo/d2fo03900a.  

Association between kimchi consumption and obesity by BMI and abdominal obesity in Korean adults a cross-sectional analysis of the Health Examinees study 1.        Jung H, Yun Y-R, Hong SW, Shin S: Association between kimchi consumption and obesity based on BMI and abdominal obesity in Korean adults: a cross-sectional analysis of the Health Examinees study. BMJ Open 2024, 14:e076650. https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/bmjopen/14/2/e076650.full.pdf.
“Eating kimchi every day could help stave off weight gain, new study says”:

https://www.nbcnews.com/news/asian-america/kimchi-lower-obesity-risk-midriff-bulge-korean-classic-rcna136445.

Effect of nicotinamide riboside on airway inflammation in COPD: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Nature Aging 2024, Nov 15:  https://doi.org/10.1038/s43587-024-00758-1.

Preworkout dietary nitrate magnifies training-induced benefits to physical function in late postmenopausal women: a randomized pilot study. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 2024, 327:R534-R542. https://journals.physiology.org/doi/abs/10.1152/ajpregu.00150.2024.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Vitamin D Deficiency in Patients Scheduled to Undergo Revision Arthroplasty of the Hip, Knee and Shoulder-Data from a Single-Centre Analysis. Nutrients 2024, 16(18):3060. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39339662.

WELCOME
The Clot Thickens: the enduring mystery of heart disease, by Dr Malcom Kendrick (Columbus Publishing 2021). https://www.amazon.co.uk/Clot-Thickens-enduring-mystery-disease/dp/1907797769.

Carbohydrate Restriction-Induced Elevations in LDL-Cholesterol and Atherosclerosis: The KETO Trial. JACC Adv. 2024 Aug, 3 (8) .

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacadv.2024.101109.

“Food guru Tim Spector and health experts call on NHS to make vegan food the norm in hospitals”, by Jane Dalton. The Independent, October 15, 2024: https://www.the-independent.com/news/uk/home-news/hospital-food-tim-spector-health-vegan-plant-b2628101.html.

“In England, more than one in 10 people aged over 65 take at least eight different prescribed medications each week”. Age UK: https://www.ageuk.org.uk/globalassets/age-uk/documents/reports-and-publications/reports-and-briefings/health–wellbeing/medication/190819_more_harm_than_good.pdf.

“Almost 90% of older adults…” https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/older-people’s-health-issues/aging-and-medications/aging-and-medications.
“Most people over 70 should consider taking statins”: https://www.theguardian.com/society/article/2024/sep/10/most-people-over-70-should-consider-taking-statins-study-finds.
“A Swedish study…Effects of medication reviews on use of potentially inappropriate medications in elderly patients; a cross-sectional study in Swedish primary care. BMC Health Services Research 2018, 18:616. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-018-3425-y.

Petronella: “The 16-day diet that will help you lose half a stone”, by Boudicca Fox-Leonard: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/health-fitness/diet/weight-loss/human-being-diet.

NEWS
Diet Quality, Dietary Inflammatory Potential, and Risk of Prostate Cancer Grade Reclassification. JAMA Oncology 2024.  https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaoncology/article-abstract/2824991. 

Reconstruction of the human amylase locus reveals ancient duplications seeding modern-day variation. Science 2024, Oct 17:  https://www.science.org/doi/abs/10.1126/science.adn0609.
Independent amylase gene copy number bursts correlate with dietary preferences in mammals. eLife 2019, 8:e44628. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.44628. 

Fish oil supplementation modifies the associations between genetically predicted and observed concentrations of blood lipids: a cross-sectional gene-diet interaction study in UK Biobank.  Am J Clin Nutr 2024, Sept, 120: 540-549.: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002916524006051.

Ultra-processed food intake in toddlerhood and mid-childhood in the UK: cross sectional and longitudinal perspectives. European Journal of Nutrition, 2024; DOI: 10.1007/s00394-024-03496-7.

Time-Restricted Eating in Adults With Metabolic Syndrome. Annals of Internal Medicine 2024.  https://www.acpjournals.org/doi/abs/10.7326/M24-0859.

Structural basis of thiamine transport and drug recognition by SLC19A3. Nature Communications 2024, Oct 2, 15:8542. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-52872-8.

 IBS/IBD

Global trends in incidence, death, burden and risk factors of early-onset cancer from 1990 to 2019. BMJ Oncology 2023, 2:e000049. https://bmjoncologysite-bmj.vercel.app/content/2/1/e000049.
Differences in cancer rates among adults born between 1920 and 1990 in the USA: an analysis of population-based cancer registry data. Lancet Public Health 2024, 9:e583-e593. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(24)00156-7. 

A Starch- and Sucrose-Reduced Diet Has Similar Efficiency as Low FODMAP in IBS—A Randomized Non-Inferiority Study. Nutrients 2024, 16:3039. https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/16/17/3039.

 Food antigens suppress small intestinal tumorigenesis. Frontiers in Immunology 2024; 15 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1373766.

Restrictive Strategy vs Usual Care for Cholecystectomy in Patients With Abdominal Pain and Gallstones. JAMA Surgery 2024; DOI: 10.1001/jamasurg.2024.3080. 

Micro- and nano-plastics, intestinal inflammation, and inflammatory bowel disease: A review of the literature. Science of The Total Environment 2024, 953:176228. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969724063848.

Microplastics role in cell migration and distribution during cancer cell division. Chemosphere 2024, 353:141463. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0045653524003564.

In Vivo Tissue Distribution of Polystyrene or Mixed Polymer Microspheres and Metabolomic Analysis after Oral Exposure in Mice. Environmental Health Perspectives, 2024; 132 (4) DOI: 10.1289/EHP13435.

Analysis of Microplastics in Human Feces Reveals a Correlation between Fecal Microplastics and Inflammatory Bowel Disease Status. Environ Sci Technol 2022, 56:414-421. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34935363.

Inflammatory Markers at Birth and Risk of Early-Onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Gastroenterology 2024: https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2024.07.007.

Antibiotics damage the colonic mucus barrier in a microbiota-independent manner. Science Advances 2024, 10:eadp4119. https://www.science.org/doi/abs/10.1126/sciadv.adp4119.

Gut Microbiota Profiling as a Promising Tool to Detect Equine Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). Animals 2024, 14:2396. https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/14/16/2396. 

CBD with Dr Elisabeth Philipps

1. “Medical marijuana”, by Peter Grinspoon, MD, Harvard Health Blog, April 10, 2020: https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/medical-marijuana-2018011513085.
2. Cannabidiol Inhibits the Proliferation and Invasiveness of Prostate Cancer Cells. J Nat Prod 2023, 86:2151-2161. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37703852.
3. Medicinal use of cannabis based products and cannabinoids. BMJ 2019, 365:l1141. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6447998.
4. Cannabidiol (CBD) Products for Pain: Ineffective, Expensive, and With Potential Harms. The Journal of Pain 2024, 25:833-842. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2023.10.009.
5. Eight Weeks of Daily Cannabidiol Supplementation Improves Sleep Quality and Immune Cell Cytotoxicity. Nutrients 2023, 15:4173. https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/19/4173.
6. Daily cannabidiol and L-theanine beverage consumption does not alter anxiety, fatigue, cognitive function, or natural killer cell function: A randomized, controlled trial in healthy, young adults. Brain Behavior and Immunity Integrative 2024, 5:100045. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949834124000011.
7. The pharmacological properties of cannabis. Cannabis: Medical Aspects 2016, 9. 481-491. https://medreleafaustralia.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/2.The-pharmacological-properties-of-cannabis.pdf.

PHOTOBIOMODULATION – Dr Damien Downing
1. Michael J Gonzalez, Jorge R Miranda-Massari, Christine Shaffner, Sayer Ji, Jose Olalde, Andreas L Kalcker, Alejandro Jose, Miguel J Berdiel. Quantum Orthomolecular Medicine: The Bio-Orthophotonic Concept of Healing Energy. OMNS release Vol 19, No 42 http://orthomolecular.org/resources/omns/v19n42.shtml

2. Downing D., Daylight Robbery; The importance of sunlight to health. Arrow Books, London 1988
3. Maiman, T. H. (1960). Stimulated Optical Radiation in Ruby. Nature, 187(4736), 493-494. doi: 10.1038/187493a0
4. Michael R Hamblin. Mechanisms and applications of the anti-inflammatory effects of photobiomodulation[J]. AIMS Biophysics, 2017, 4(3): 337-361. doi: 10.3934/biophy.2017.3.337
5. Yoshimura TM, Sabino CP, Ribeiro MS. Photobiomodulation reduces abdominal adipose tissue inflammatory infiltrate of diet-induced obese and hyperglycemic mice. J Biophotonics. 2016 Dec;9(11-12):1255-1262. doi: 10.1002/jbio.201600088.
6. Percival SL, Francolini I, Donelli G. Low-level laser therapy as an antimicrobial and antibiofilm technology and its relevance to wound healing. Future Microbiol. 2015;10(2):255-72. doi: 10.2217/fmb.14.109. PMID: 25689537.
7. Laakso EL, Ewais T. A Holistic Perspective on How Photobiomodulation May Influence Fatigue, Pain, and Depression in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Beyond Molecular Mechanisms. Biomedicines. 2023 May 22;11(5):1497. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines11051497. PMID: 37239169; PMCID: PMC10216148.
8. Ferraresi C, Hamblin MR, Parizotto NA (2012) Low-level laser (light) therapy (LLLT) on muscle tissue: performance, fatigue and repair benefited by the power of light. Photonics Lasers Med 1: 267-286.
9. Fitzmaurice BC, Heneghan NR, Rayen ATA, Grenfell RL, Soundy AA. Whole-Body Photobiomodulation Therapy for Fibromyalgia: A Feasibility Trial. Behav Sci (Basel). 2023 Aug 29;13(9):717. doi: 10.3390/bs13090717. PMID: 37753995; PMCID: PMC10525895.
10. Fernandes, K. P. S., Souza, N. H. C., Mesquita0Ferrari, R. A., Rocha, L. A., Neves, A., Sousa, K. D. B., Bussadori, S. K., Hamblin, M. R., & Nunes, F. D. (2016). Photobiomodulation with 660-nm and 780-nm laser on activated J774 macrophage-like cells: Effect on M1 inflammatory markers. 344-351. doi: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.10.015.Photobiomodulation
11. Robijns, J., Nair, R. G., Lodewijckx, J., Arany, P., Barasch, A., Bjordal, J. M., Bossi, P., Chilles, A., Corby, P. M., Epstein, J. B., Elad, S., Fekrazad, R., Fregnani, E. R., Genot, M. T., Ibarra, A. M. C., Hamblin, M. R., Heiskanen, V., Hu, K., Klastersky, J., … Bensadoun, R. J. (2022). Photobiomodulation therapy in management of cancer therapy-induced side effects: WALT position paper 2022. Frontiers in Oncology, 12(August). doi: 10.3389/fonc.2022.927685
12. Desmet KD, Paz DA, Corry JJ, Eells JT, Wong-Riley MT, Henry MM, Buchmann EV, Connelly MP, Dovi JV, Liang HL, Henshel DS, Yeager RL, Millsap DS, Lim J, Gould LJ, Das R, Jett M, Hodgson BD, Margolis D, Whelan HT. Clinical and experimental applications of NIR-LED photobiomodulation. Photomed Laser Surg. 2006 Apr;24(2):121-8. doi: 10.1089/pho.2006.24.121. PMID: 16706690.
13. Moskvin, S. V., & Khadartsev, A. A. (2020). Methods of effective low-level laser therapy in the treatment of patients with bronchial asthma (literature review). BioMedicine (France), 10(1), 1-20. doi: 10.37796/2211-8039.1000.
14. Costa, T. M. R., Carneiro, F. M., Oliveira, K. A. S. de, Souza, M. F. B., Avelino, M. A. G., & Wastowski, I. J. (2021). Rhinophototherapy, an alternative treatment of allergic rhinitis: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology, 87(6), 742-752. doi: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2020.12.016.
15. Lutfallah S, Wajid I, Sinnathamby ES, Maitski RJ, Edinoff AN, Shekoohi S, Cornett EM, Urman RD, Kaye AD. Low-Level Laser Therapy for Acute Pain: A Comprehensive Review. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2023 Oct;27(10):607-613. doi: 10.1007/s11916-023-01149-8. Epub 2023 Aug 14. PMID: 37578732.
16. Chiyuki Shiroto, Misako Yodono, Shigeyuki Nakaji, PAIN ATTENUATION WITH DIODE LASER THERAPY: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF THE LONG-TERM LLLT EXPERIENCE IN THE PRIVATE CLINIC ENVIRONMENT, LASER THERAPY, 1998; 10(1): 33-39. doi: 10.5978/islsm.10.33, https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/islsm/10/1/10_1_33/_article/-char/en
17. Chaves, M. E. A., Piancastelli, A. C. C., Araujo, A. R., & Pinotti, M. (2014). Effects of low-power light therapy on wound healing: An Bras Dermatol, 89(4), 616-623.
18. Robijns, J., Nair, R. G., Lodewijckx, J., Arany, P., Barasch, A., Bjordal, J. M., Bossi, P., Chilles, A., Corby, P. M., Epstein, J. B., Elad, S., Fekrazad, R., Fregnani, E. R., Genot, M. T., Ibarra, A. M. C., Hamblin, M. R., Heiskanen, V., Hu, K., Klastersky, J., … Bensadoun, R. J. (2022). Photobiomodulation therapy in management of cancer therapy-induced side effects: WALT position paper 2022. Frontiers in Oncology, 12(August). doi: 10.3389/fonc.2022.927685
19. Becker, A., Klapczynski, A., Kuch, N., Arpino, F., Simon-Keller, K., De La Torre, C., Sticht, C., Van Abeelen, F. A., Oversluizen, G., & Gretz, N. (2016). Gene expression profiling reveals aryl hydrocarbon receptor as a possible target for photobiomodulation when using blue light. Scientific Reports, 6(September), 1-11. doi: 10.1038/srep33847
20. Abdel-Magied, N., Elkady, A.A. & Abdel Fattah, S.M. Effect of Low-Level Laser on Some Metals Related to Redox State and Histological Alterations in the Liver and Kidney of Irradiated Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 194, 410-422 (2020). doi: 10.1007/s12011-019-01779-3
21. Carvalho ÉDS, Souza ARDN, Melo DFC, de Farias AS, Macedo BBO, Sartim MA, Caggy MC, Rodrigues BA, Ribeiro GS, Reis HN, Araújo FQ, da Silva IM, Sachett A, Sampaio VS, Balieiro AADS, Zamuner SR, Vissoci JRN, Cabral LN, Monteiro WM, Sachett JAG. Photobiomodulation Therapy to Treat Snakebites Caused by Bothrops atrox: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Intern Med. 2024 Jan 1;184(1):70-80. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2023.6538. Erratum in: JAMA Intern Med. 2024 Mar 1;184(3):336. PMID: 38048090; PMCID: PMC10696517.
22. Lee TL, Ding Z, Chan AS. Can transcranial photobiomodulation improve cognitive function? A systematic review of human studies. Ageing Res Rev. 2023 Jan;83:101786. doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101786. Epub 2022 Nov 9. PMID: 36371017.
23. Johnstone DM, Hamilton C, Gordon LC, Moro C, Torres N, Nicklason F, Stone J, Benabid AL, Mitrofanis J. Exploring the Use of Intracranial and Extracranial (Remote) Photobiomodulation Devices in Parkinson’s Disease: A Comparison of Direct and Indirect Systemic Stimulations. J Alzheimers Dis. 2021;83(4):1399-1413. doi: 10.3233/JAD-210052. PMID: 33843683.
24. Semyachkina-Glushkovskaya O, Penzel T, Poluektov M, Fedosov I, Tzoy M, Terskov A, Blokhina I, Sidorov V, Kurths J. Phototherapy of Alzheimer’s Disease: Photostimulation of Brain Lymphatics during Sleep: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Jun 30;24(13):10946. doi: 10.3390/ijms241310946. PMID: 37446135; PMCID: PMC10341497.
25. Glass GE. Photobiomodulation: The Clinical Applications of Low-Level Light Therapy. Aesthet Surg J. 2021 May 18;41(6):723-738. doi: 10.1093/asj/sjab025. Erratum in: Aesthet Surg J. 2022 Apr 12;42(5):566. PMID: 33471046.
26. Ercetin, C., Sahbaz, N. A., Acar, S., Tutal, F., & Erbil, Y. (2020). Impact of Photobiomodulation on T3/T4 Ratio and Quality of Life in Hashimoto Thyroiditis. Photobiomodulation, Photomedicine, and Laser Surgery, 38(7), 409-412. doi: 10.1089/photob.2019.4740
27. Hossein-khannazer, N., Arki, M. K., Keramatinia, A., & Rezaei-Tavirani, M. (2021). The Role of Low-Level Laser Therapy in the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis: A Review Study. Journal of Lasers in Medical Sciences, 12(1), 1-6. doi: 10.34172/JLMS.2021.88
28. Ding L, Gu Z, Chen H, Wang P, Song Y, Zhang X, Li M, Chen J, Han H, Cheng J, Tong Z. Phototherapy for age-related brain diseases: Challenges, successes and future. Ageing Res Rev. 2024 Feb;94:102183. doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102183. Epub 2024 Jan 11. PMID: 38218465.
29. Scontri CMCB, de Castro Magalhães F, Damiani APM, Hamblin MR, Zamunér AR, Ferraresi C. Dose and time-response effect of photobiomodulation therapy on glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients combined or not with hypoglycemic medicine: A randomized, crossover, double-blind, sham-controlled trial. J Biophotonics. 2023 Oct;16(10):e202300083. doi: 10.1002/jbio.202300083. Epub 2023 Jun 27. PMID: 37171054; PMCID: PMC10662441.
30. Hao W, Dai X, Wei M, Li S, Peng M, Xue Q, Lin H, Wang H, Song P, Wang Y. Efficacy of transcranial photobiomodulation in the treatment for major depressive disorder: A TMS-EEG and pilot study. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 2024 Mar;40(2):e12957. doi: 10.1111/phpp.12957. PMID: 38470033.
31. Wang SJ, Chen MY. The effects of sunlight exposure therapy on the improvement of depression and quality of life in post-stroke patients: A RCT study. Heliyon. 2020 Jul 14;6(7):e04379. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04379. PMID: 32695905; PMCID: PMC7364026.
32. Wang H, Song P, Hou Y, Liu J, Hao W, Hu S, Dai X, Zhan S, Li N, Peng M, Wang H, Lin H, Wang Y. 820-nm Transcranial near-infrared stimulation on the left DLPFC relieved anxiety: A randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled study. Brain Res Bull. 2023 Aug;200:110682. doi: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.110682. Epub 2023 Jun 8. PMID: 37301483.
33. Ohshiro T. Personal Overview of the Application of LLLT in Severely Infertile Japanese Females. Laser Ther. 2012 Jul 3;21(2):97-103. doi: 10.5978/islsm.12-OR-05. PMID: 24610987; PMCID: PMC3944482.
34. Eghbaldoost A, Salehi Mashhadsari SP, Ghadirzadeh E, Ghoreifi A, Allameh F. Therapeutic Effects of Low-Level Laser on Male Infertility: A Systematic Review. J Lasers Med Sci. 2023 Sep 25;14:e36. doi: 10.34172/jlms.2023.36. PMID: 38028870; PMCID: PMC10658110.
35. Hong GY, Shin BC, Park SN, Gu YH, Kim NG, Park KJ, Kim SY, Shin YI. Randomized controlled trial of the efficacy and safety of self-adhesive low-level light therapy in women with primary dysmenorrhea. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2016 Apr;133(1):37-42. doi: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2015.08.004. Epub 2015 Dec 2. PMID: 26797192.
36. Tomazoni SS, Machado CDSM, De Marchi T, Casalechi HL, Bjordal JM, de Carvalho PTC, Leal-Junior ECP. Infrared Low-Level Laser Therapy (Photobiomodulation Therapy) before Intense Progressive Running Test of High-Level Soccer Players: Effects on Functional, Muscle Damage, Inflammatory, and Oxidative Stress Markers-A Randomized Controlled Trial. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2019 Nov 16;2019:6239058. doi: 10.1155/2019/6239058. PMID: 31827687; PMCID: PMC6885272.
37. Ali MK, Saha S, Milkova N, Liu L, Sharma K, Huizinga JD, Chen JH. Modulation of the autonomic nervous system by one session of spinal low-level laser therapy in patients with chronic colonic motility dysfunction. Front Neurosci. 2022 Sep 1;16:882602. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2022.882602. PMID: 36117615; PMCID: PMC9477245.
38. Gominak, S. C., & Stumpf, W. E. (2012). The world epidemic of sleep disorders is linked to vitamin D deficiency. Medical Hypotheses, 79(2), 132-135. doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.03.031
39. https://peterveto.me/blog/– accessed 24-03-2024
40. Ott J., My Ivory Cellar. Twentieth Century Press, Chicago 1958
41. Ott J., Health and Light. Pocket Books, New York 1973

RESEARCH UPDATE
A core microbiome signature as an indicator of health. Cell 2024, Oct 7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2024.09.019.

The sympathetic nervous system drives hyperinflammatory responses to Clostridioides difficile infection. Cell Reports Medicine 2024, Oct 15,  5: 10,101771. https://www.cell.com/cell-reports-medicine/fulltext/S2666-3791(24)00510-X.

High sperm deoxyribonucleic acid fragmentation index is associated with an increased risk of preeclampsia following assisted reproduction treatment. Fertility and Sterility 2024, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2024.08.316.

Degree of Food Processing is Associated with Glycemic Control in African American Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: Findings from the TX STRIDE Clinical Trial. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics 2024, Oct 8:

https://www.jandonline.org/article/S2212-2672(24)00877-3/abstract.  

Socio-demographic differences in the dietary inflammatory index from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005–2018: a comparison of multiple imputation versus complete case analysis. Public Health Nutrition 2024; 27 (1). https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/public-health-nutrition/article/sociodemographic-differences-in-the-dietary-inflammatory-index-from-national-health-and-nutrition-examination-survey-20052018-a-comparison-of-multiple-imputation-versus-complete-case-analysis/7BEEA51160D7657B267F4C12A9AF1584.

Vitamin B12 protects necrosis of acinar cells in pancreatic tissues with acute pancreatitis. MedComm 2024, 5:e686. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/mco2.686.

NEWS
Neuroprotective effects of ellorarxine in neuronal models of degeneration. Front. Neurosci 2024, 18, Sept 9, Sec. Neurodegeneration: https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnins.2024.1422294/full.
Retinoic acid regulation of homoeostatic synaptic plasticity and its relationship to cognitive disorders. J Mol Endocrinol 2023, Dec 6;72(1):e220177. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37930232.

Is the modulation of retinoid and retinoid-associated signaling a future therapeutic strategy in neurological trauma and neurodegeneration? Journal of Neurochemistry 2008, 104:584-595. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1471-4159.2007.05071.x.

SNP box
1. Bioconversion of dietary provitamin A carotenoids to vitamin A in humans. Am J Clin Nutr 2010, 91:1468s-1473s. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2854912.
2. Vitamin A – discovery, metabolism, receptor signaling and effects on bone mass and fracture susceptibility. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024, 15:1298851. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11070503.
3. Two common single nucleotide polymorphisms in the gene encoding β-carotene 15,15′-monoxygenase alter β-carotene metabolism in female volunteers. The FASEB Journal 2009, 23:1041-1053. https://faseb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1096/fj.08-121962.

Nature and nurture in fussy eating from toddlerhood to early adolescence: findings from the Gemini twin cohort. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2024; DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.14053.

GP working time and supply, and patient demand in England in 2015–2022: a retrospective study. British Journal of General Practice 2024, Sept 16: https://bjgp.org/content/bjgp/early/2024/09/12/BJGP.2024.0075.full.pdf.

Nonlinear dynamics of multi-omics profiles during human aging. Nature  Aging 2024, Aug 14: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39143318.  
Personal aging markers and ageotypes revealed by deep longitudinal profiling. Nature Med 2020 Jan;26(1):83-90. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31932806.

Autism
1. Transmethylation and Oxidative Biomarkers in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Cross Sectional Study. J Autism Dev Disord 2024, Sep 4. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10803-024-06542-9.
2. Interrelation between homocysteine metabolism and the development of autism spectrum disorder in children. Front. Mol. Neurosci. 2022, 15:947513. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36046711.
3. Comprehensive Nutritional and Dietary Intervention for Autism Spectrum Disorder-A Randomized, Controlled 12-Month Trial. Nutrients  2018, Mar 17;10(3):369. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29562612.
4. Moderately elevated preconception fasting plasma total homocysteine is a risk factor for psychological problems in childhood. Public Health Nutr 2019, Jun;22(9):1615-1623. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/public-health-nutrition/article/moderately-elevated-preconception-fasting-plasma-total-homocysteine-is-a-risk-factor-for-psychological-problems-in-childhood/759842D3FD877B080488B6D3FAC12ACE.

Commonwealth Fund report: https://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/fund-reports/2024/sep/mirror-mirror-2024.

Independent investigation of the NHS in England: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/independent-investigation-of-the-nhs-in-england.

MITOCHONDRIA – Jason Hommel

1. Basic values given on Wikipedia at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composition_of_the_human_body and explored further at https://revealingfraud.com/2022/03/health/chapter-35-mineral-composition-of-the-human-body.
   2. (Kim et al., 2008; Turski and Thiele 2009).

Source: “Role of Copper on Mitochondrial Function and Metabolism” 2021
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmolb.2021.711227/full.

3. “The mitochondrion: a central architect of copper homeostasis” 2018
   https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5688007/
4. ““Pulling the plug” on cellular copper: The role of mitochondria in copper export” 2008
   https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4021392/
5. Filling the mitochondrial copper pool. J Biol Chem 2018, 293: 6, 1897-8.
   https://www.jbc.org/article/S0021-9258(20)39838-0/fulltext
6. The currents of life: The terminal electron-transfer complex of respiration. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 1995, 92: 11949-51, December 1995.
   https://www.pnas.org/doi/epdf/10.1073/pnas.92.26.11949.
7. Iron and Copper in Mitochondrial Diseases. Cell Metab 2013, Mar 5;17(3):319-28.
   https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3594794.
8. Copper Deficiency Decreases Complex IV but Not Complex I, II, III, or V in the Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain in Rat Heart. J Nutrition 2007,

137: 1, 14-18. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022316622090034.
9. Copper deficiency may be a leading cause of ischaemic heart disease. Open Heart 2018, 5(2):e000784. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30364437.

10. Copper deficiency-induced anemia is caused by a mitochondrial metabolic reprograming in erythropoietic cells. Metallomics 2019, 11:282-290. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C8MT00224J.
    11. Metabolic crossroads of iron and copper. Nutr Rev 2010;68(3):133-147. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20384844.
11. Characterization of the transition-metal-binding properties of hepcidin. Biochem J 2010;427(2):289-296. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20113314.
12. Role of copper in mitochondrial iron metabolism. Blood 1976, 48:77-85. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.V48.1.77.77.
13. Mitochondrial copper metabolism and delivery to cytochrome c oxidase. IUBMB Life 2008, Jul;60(7):421-9.
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2864105.

 Mitochondrial antioxidants abate SARS-COV-2 pathology in mice. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2024; 121 (30) DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2321972121.

Cannabidiol ameliorates mitochondrial disease via PPARγ activation in preclinical models. Nature Communications 2024, 15:7730. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-51884-8.

Somatic nuclear mitochondrial DNA insertions are prevalent in the human brain and accumulate over time in fibroblasts. PLOS Biology 2024, 22 (8): e3002723 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002723.

The multifaceted role of mitochondria in autism spectrum disorder. Molecular Psychiatry 2024. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-024-02725-z.

MENOPAUSE

Evidence for a mechanism dependent on protein leverage. BJOG: Int J Obstet Gynaecol 2023;130(1):4-10. https://obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1471-0528.17290.

Obesity: the protein leverage hypothesis. Obes Rev 2005;6(2):133-142.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-789X.2005.00178.x.

Protein Knowledge of Older Adults and Identification of Subgroups with Poor Knowledge. Nutrients 2021;13(3):1006. https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/3/1006. 

Genetic links between ovarian ageing, cancer risk and de novo mutation rates. Nature 2024, Sept 11: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07931-x.

 Health benefits of fruit and vegetables are from additive and synergistic combinations of phytochemicals. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2003, 78:517S-520S. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/78.3.517S.

 ECOLOGICAL MEDICINE – Damien Downing

Non-invasive therapy to reduce the body burden of aluminium in Alzheimer’s disease. J Alzheimers Dis. 2006 Sep;10(1):17-24; discussion 29-31. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16988476.

 NEURODIVERGENCE – Elaine Wilkins

1. https://www.england.nhs.uk/2023/11/one-in-five-children-and-young-people-had-a-probable-mental-disorder-in-2023/
2. https://www.governmentevents.co.uk/recognising-neurodiversity-in-the-workforce.
3. CIPD 2024: https://www.cipd.org/en/knowledge/reports/neuroinclusion-at-work.
4. https://www.nuffieldtrust.org.uk/news-item/the-rapidly-growing-waiting-lists-for-autism-and-adhd-assessments
5. https://psychology.org.au/insights/why-are-so-many-neurodivergent-women-misdiagnosed and Finding the True Number of Females with Autistic Spectrum Disorder by Estimating the Biases in Initial Recognition and Clinical Diagnosis. Children (Basel) 2022, 9 (2): https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35204992.

6. “Common Contributors to Neurodivergent Burnout”, by Dr Megan Anna Neff: https://neurodivergentinsights.com/mentalhealthresources/autism-and-burnout-glypb.

 RESEARCH

Stress increases sperm respiration and motility in mice and men. Nature Communications 2024, 15 (1), Sept 11. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-52319-0.

Habitual Coffee, Tea and Caffeine Consumption, Circulating Metabolites, and the Risk of Cardiometabolic Multimorbidity. JCEM 2024, Sept 17: https://academic.oup.com/jcem/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1210/clinem/dgae552/7754545.

Urinary Metal Levels and Coronary Artery Calcification. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2024, Sept 18: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0735109724079610?via%3Dihub.

The contemporaneous epidemic of chronic, copper deficiency. J Nutr Sci  2022, Oct 11;11:e89. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9554529.

An Emerging Role of Defective Copper Metabolism in Heart Disease. Nutrients 2022 Feb 7;14(3):700. https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/3/700.
Copper deficiency may be a leading cause of ischaemic heart disease. Open Heart 2018, 5:e000784: http://openheart.bmj.com/content/5/2/e000784.abstract.

Dietary fibres boost gut microbiota-produced B vitamin pool and alter host immune landscape. Microbiome 2024, Sept 23: https://microbiomejournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40168-024-01898-7.

WELCOME

Microplastics and microbiota: Unraveling the hidden environmental challenge. World J Gastroenterol 2024, 30:2191-2194: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11056917.  

NEWS

Maternal gut Bifidobacterium breve modifies fetal brain metabolism in germ-free mice. Molecular Metabolism 2024, August: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212877824001352.

Meat consumption and incident type 2 diabetes: a federated meta-analysis of 1·97 million adults with 100,000 incident cases from 31 cohorts in 20 countries. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2024, Aug 20: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39174161.

Integration of epidemiological and blood biomarker analysis links haem iron intake to increased type 2 diabetes risk. Nature Metabolism 2024, August 12: https://doi.org/10.1038/s42255-024-01109-5.

Dementia prevention, intervention, and care: 2024 report of the Lancet standing Commission. Lancet 2024, 404:572-628. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39096926.

Letter references:
Smith AD, et al. Homocysteine and Dementia: An International Consensus Statement. J Alzheimer’s Dis. 2018;62:561-70

Douaud G, et al. Preventing Alzheimer’s disease-related gray matter atrophy by B-vitamin treatment. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2013;110:9523-8.  

van Soest APM, et al. Concurrent nutrient deficiencies are associated with dementia incidence. Alzheimer’s Dement. 2024;20:4594-601.

Pfeiffer CM, et al. Biochemical indicators of B vitamin status in the US population after folic acid fortification: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2000. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002;82:442-50.

Tsiachristas A, et al. B-vitamins are potentially a cost-effective population health strategy to tackle dementia: Too good to be true? Alzheimer’s Dement: Translat Res Clin Intervent. 2016;2:156-61.

Blood polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids, brain atrophy, cognitive decline, and dementia risk. Alzheimer’s and Dementia 2021, 17:407-416.

Plasma Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Risk for Incident Dementia in the UK Biobank Study: A Closer Look. Nutrients 2023, 15.

Omega-3 Fatty Acids, Cognition, and Brain Volume in Older Adults. Brain Sci 2023, 13.

Plasma phosphatidylcholine docosahexaenoic acid content and risk of dementia and Alzheimer disease: the Framingham Heart Study. ArchNeurol 2006, 63:1545-1550.

Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Neurodegenerative Diseases: New Evidence in Clinical Trials. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2019, 20:4256.

Could Alzheimer’s disease be a maladaptation of an evolutionary survival pathway mediated by intracerebral fructose and uric acid metabolism? Am J Clin Nutr 2023; 117(3): 455-66.

The human brain produces fructose from glucose. JCI Insight 2017; 2(4): e90508.

Elevation of brain glucose and polyol-pathway intermediates with accompanying brain-copper deficiency in patients with Alzheimer’s disease: metabolic basis for dementia. Sci Rep 2016; 6: 27524.

Ketohexokinase-dependent metabolism of cerebral endogenous fructose in microglia drives diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction. Exp Mol Med 2023.

Unbiased metabolome screen links serum urate to risk of Alzheimer’s disease. Neurobiol Aging 2022; 120: 167-76.

The Scavenging Activity of Coenzyme Q(10) Plus a Nutritional Complex on Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024, 25: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39125641.

HEART HEALTH
Gut microbe-generated phenylacetylglutamine is an endogenous allosteric modulator of β2-adrenergic receptors. Nature Communications 2024, 15:6696. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-50855-3.

Eicosapentaenoic Acid Rescues Cav1.2-L-Type Ca2+ Channel Decline Caused by Saturated Fatty Acids via Both Free Fatty Acid Receptor 4-Dependent and -Independent Pathways in Cardiomyocytes. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2024, 25:7570. https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/14/7570.
Investigating Genetic Overlap between Alzheimer’s Disease, Lipids, and Coronary Artery Disease: A Large-Scale Genome-Wide Cross Trait Analysis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2024, 25:8814. https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/16/8814.

Cardiorespiratory Fitness Benefits of High-Intensity Interval Training After Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Stroke 2024:  https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1161/STROKEAHA.124.046564.

Low magnesium in conjunction with high homocysteine increases DNA damage in healthy middle aged Australians. European Journal of Nutrition 2024: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-024-03449-0.

Graphic from: Hypomagnesemia as a Risk Factor and Accelerator for Vascular Aging in Diabetes Mellitus and Chronic Kidney Disease. Metabolites 2023, 13: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36837924.
Magnesium Is a Vital Ion in the Body – It Is Time to Consider Its Supplementation on a Routine Basis. Clinics and Practice 2024, 14:521-535. https://www.mdpi.com/2039-7283/14/2/40

Hypomagnesemia as a Risk Factor and Accelerator for Vascular Aging in Diabetes Mellitus and Chronic Kidney Disease. Metabolites 2023, 13: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36837924. 

BONES and JOINTS
Specific Collagen Peptides Improve Bone Mineral Density and Bone Markers in Postmenopausal Women-A Randomized Controlled Study. Nutrients 2018, 10: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5793325.

Specific Bioactive Collagen Peptides in Osteopenia and Osteoporosis: Long-Term Observation in Postmenopausal Women. J Bone Metab 2021, 28:207-213. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34520654.

Impact of Collagen Peptide Supplementation in Combination with Long-Term Physical Training on Strength, Musculotendinous Remodeling, Functional Recovery, and Body Composition in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis. Sports Medicine 2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-024-02079-0. 

Role of Glucosamine and Hyaluronic acid in thetreatment of Osteoarthritis. International Journal of Advanced Research in Biological Sciences (IJARBS) 2024: https://ijarbs.com/pdfcopy/2024/july2024/ijarbs11.pdf.

Oral administration of hyaluronic acid to improve skin conditions via a randomized double-blind clinical test. Skin Res Technol 2023, 29:e13531. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10661223.

Limosilactobacillus reuteri 6475 and Prevention of Early Postmenopausal Bone Loss: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open 2024, 7:e2415455. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38865129.

RESEARCH UPDATE

Force-induced dephosphorylation activates the cochaperone BAG3 to coordinate protein homeostasis and membrane traffic. Current Biology, 2024, Aug 16: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39181128.

A lactobacilli-based inhaled live biotherapeutic product attenuates pulmonary neutrophilic inflammation. Nature Communications 2024, Aug 19, 15:7113. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-51169-0.

Short-term post-fast refeeding enhances intestinal stemness via polyamines. Nature 2024, Aug 21: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07840-z. 

WELCOME

Precision Medicine Approach to Alzheimer’s Disease: Successful Pilot Project. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease 2022, 88:1411-1421. https://content.iospress.com/articles/journal-of-alzheimers-disease/jad215707.

NEWS

Artemisinins ameliorate polycystic ovarian syndrome by mediating LONP1-CYP11A1 interaction. Science 2024, 384:eadk5382. https://www.science.org/doi/abs/10.1126/science.adk5382.
The interplay between diet and the gut microbiome: implications for health and disease. Nature Reviews Microbiology 2024: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41579-024-01068-4.

Multikingdom and functional gut microbiota markers for autism spectrum disorder. Nature Microbiology 2024: DOI: 10.1038/s41564-024-01739-1.

Ornish: Effects of intensive lifestyle changes on the progression of mild cognitive impairment or early dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease: a randomized, controlled clinical trial. Alzheimer’s Research & Therapy 2024, 16:122. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13195-024-01482-z.
Sandison: Observed Improvement in Cognition During a Personalized Lifestyle Intervention in People with Cognitive Decline. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease 2023, 94:993-1004.
Bredesen (first paper): Reversal of cognitive decline: a novel therapeutic program. Aging (Albany NY) 2014, 6:707-717. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25324467.

Physician associates: https://www.healthwatch.co.uk/blog/2024-07-22/am-i-seeing-physician-associate-or-doctor.

Malnutrition in Adults. N Engl J Med 2024, July 10; 391:155-165: https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMra2212159.

CHILDREN’S HEALTH

1. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/baby/weaning-and-feeding/vitamins-for-children/#:~:text=The%20government%20recommends%20all%20children,not%20be%20given%20vitamin%20supplements..
2. Food Supplements Consumer Research, 2018 for the Foods Standards Agency: https://www.food.gov.uk/sites/default/files/media/document/food-supplements-consumer-research.pdf.
3. Dietary supplements in infants and children. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 2016, 63(2), 177-180. https://doi.org/10.1097/mpg.0000000000001180.
4. Dietary supplement use in children and adolescents aged ≤19 years — united states, 2017–2018. MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 2020, 69(43), 1557-1562. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6943a1
5. Use of dietary supplements by children and adolescents.
   J Pediatr (Rio J)2024; 100 (2 Supplement), 31-39: https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/api/file/viewByFileId/1941198.  
6. The prevalence of dietary supplement use among elementary, junior high, and high school students: a nationwide survey in Japan. Nutrients 2018, 10(9), 1176. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10091176.
7. Dietary supplement use in elementary school children: A Japanese web-based survey.Environ. Health Prev. Med2021, 26, 63: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34090343.
   8. Use of health-promoting food and supplements in Swiss children. Children 2022, 9(12), 1842. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9121842.
8. Critical study of nutritional effects based on supplements among affected pediatric patients with a focus on nutrition and health status. International Journal of Health Sciences 2022, 11688-11696. https://doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v6ns2.8119.
   10. Effectiveness of vitamin a supplementation among children under 5 years old in Kazakhstan. Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences 2024, 18, 386-397. https://doi.org/10.5219/1946.
9. “Children in UK getting shorter due to malnutrition in ‘national embarrassment”, by Holly Bancroft. The Independent, June 19, 2004:

https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/children-vitamins-diet-food-poverty-babies-b2564470.html.

Rhamnosus
1. Prophylactic Lactobacillus GG reduces antibiotic-associated diarrhea in children with respiratory infections: a randomized study. Pediatrics 1999;104(5):e64.(PubMed)
2. A randomized placebo-controlled comparison of 2 prebiotic/probiotic combinations in preterm infants: impact on weight gain, intestinal microbiota, and fecal short-chain fatty acids. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2009;48(2):216-25. (PubMed)
3. Lactobacillus GG in the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in children. The Journal of Pediatrics. 1999;135(5):564-8.(PubMed)
4. Lactobacillus GG in the prevention of nosocomial gastrointestinal and respiratory tract infections. Pediatrics. 2010;125(5):e1171-7.(PubMed)
5. A human Lactobacillus strain (Lactobacillus casei sp strain GG) promotes recovery from acute diarrhea in children. Pediatrics. 1991;88(1):90-7.(PubMed)
6. Effect of maternal consumption of lactobacillus GG on transfer and establishment of fecal bifidobacterial microbiota in neonates. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2006;42(2):166-70.(PubMed)
7. Prenatal probiotic administration can influence Bifidobacterium microbiota development in infants at high risk of allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2009;123(2):499-501.(PubMed)
8. Efficacy of Lactobacillus GG as a Diarrheal Preventive in Travelers. J Travel Med. 1997;4(1):41-3.(PubMed)
9. Probiotics reduce the prevalence of oral candida in the elderly–a randomized controlled trial. J Dent Res. 2007;86(2):125-30.(PubMed)
10. Lactobacillus GG for treatment of acute childhood diarrhoea: an open labelled, randomized controlled trial. Indian J Med Res. 2014;139(3):379-85.(PubMed)
11. Immune response and intestinal permeability in children with acute gastroenteritis treated with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 2014;58(8):1107-15.(PubMed)
12. Lactobacillus GG in the prevention of gastrointestinal and respiratory tract infections in children who attend day care centers: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Clin Nutr. 2010;29(3):312-6.(PubMed)
13. Effect of long-term consumption of a probiotic bacterium, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, in milk on dental caries and caries risk in children. Caries Res. 2001;35(6):412-20.(PubMed)
14. Effect of LGG yoghurt on Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus spp. salivary counts in children. Coll Antropol. 2012;36(1):129-32.(PubMed)
15. Lactobacillus GG as an immune adjuvant for live-attenuated influenza vaccine in healthy adults: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2011;65(4):501-7.(PubMed)

Herbal Insights – RUTH WEAVER 

1. A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study on immune improvement effects of ethanolic extract of Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench in Korean adults.PTR Phytotherapy research 2024:  https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.8224.
2. Evaluation of echinacea for the prevention and treatment of the common cold: a meta-analysis.The Lancet Infectious diseases. 2007. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(07)70160-3
3. Principles and practice of Phytotherapy: Modern Herbal Medicine. Edinburgh Churchill Livingstone, Elsevier. 2003
4. Botanical medicine: a European professional perspective. Brookline, Mass: Paradigm Publications 2001
5. Medical Herbalism – principles and practices. Inner Traditions Bear And Comp. 2003.
6. Cytotoxic activity of polyacetylenes and polyenes isolated from roots of Echinacea pallida. British Journal of Pharmacology 2002. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18193076.
7. Liver enzyme-mediated oxidation of Echinacea purpurea alkylamides: production of novel metabolites and changes in immunomodulatory activity. Planta Med 2006, 72:1372-1377. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17054047.
8. Alkylamides of Echinacea purpurea stimulate alveolar macrophage function in normal rats. International Immunopharmacology https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11811940.
9. The Essential Book of Herbal Medicine. Editorial: Penguin; 1993.
10. What people see me about. https://www.richardadamsherbalist.co.uk/what-people-see-me-about. 2022.
11. Adverse reactions associated with echinacea: the Australian experience. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2002, 88:42-51. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11814277.
12. European Medicines Agency Post-authorisation Evaluation of Medicines for Human Use, 2006: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/herbal-comments/superseded-overview-comments-received-community-herbal-monograph-echinacea-purpurea-l-herba-recens/hmpc/104945/2006-superseded-overview-comments-received-community-herbal-list-entry-echinacea_en.pdf.
13. Safety and Dose-Dependent Effects of Echinacea for the Treatment of Acute Cold Episodes in Children: A Multicenter, Randomized, Open-Label Clinical Trial. Children (Basel) 2020: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7765151/
14. Echinacea purpurea L. in children: safety, tolerability, compliance, and clinical effectiveness in upper respiratory tract infections. Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 2007: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18066121.

 AUTISM
The recovery of a child with autism spectrum disorder through biomedical interventions. Altern. Ther. Health Med. 2008, 14, 42–44. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]

1. Normal neurodevelopmental outcome despite severe and early extensive encephalomalacia: Plasticity, repair or magic? Med. Child Neurol. 2013, 55, 868–869. [PubMed]
2. Optimal outcome in individuals with a history of autism.  Child Psychol. Psychiatry2013, 54, 195–205.  [PubMed]

Autism in England: assessing underdiagnosis in a population-based cohort study of prospectively collected primary care data. The Lancet Regional Health – Europe 2023, 29:100626. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666776223000455.

Costs of autism spectrum disorders in the United Kingdom and the United States. JAMA Pediatr 2014, 168:721-728: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24911948.  

RESEARCH

A human autoimmune organoid model reveals IL-7 function in coeliac disease. Nature 2024, July 24. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07716-2. 

Proteomic predictors of individualized nutrient-specific insulin secretion in health and disease. Cell Metab 2024, 36:1619-1633.e1615. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38959864.  

Traffic-related ultrafine particles impair mitochondrial functions in human olfactory mucosa cells – Implications for Alzheimer’s disease. Redox Biology 2024; 75: 103272 DOI: 10.1016/J.REDOX.2024.103272

Ultra-processed food consumption in UK adolescents: distribution, trends, and sociodemographic correlates using the National Diet and Nutrition Survey 2008/09 to 2018/19. Eur J Nutr 2024, July 17: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39014218.

Sleep patterns and risk of chronic disease as measured by long-term monitoring with commercial wearable devices in the All of Us Research Program. Nature Medicine 2024, July 19: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-024-03155-8.

 Gut microbiota promoting propionic acid production accompanies caloric restriction-induced intentional weight loss in cats. Scientific Reports 2024; 14 (1). DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62243-4.

Estimating the economic effect of harm associated with high risk prescribing of oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in England: population based cohort and economic modelling study. BMJ 2024, July 24, 386:e077880. https://www.bmj.com/content/bmj/386/bmj-2023-077880.full.pdf.

Topics in Chrononutrition. J Acad Nutr Dietetics 2004, August special issue: https://www.jandonline.org/current#TopicsinChrononutritionSpecialIssueArticles.

NEWS

Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk Estimates Using the Predicting Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Events Equations. JAMA Internal Medicine 2024: https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2024.1302.

GMC is criticised for investments in Nestlé and McDonald’s.

BMJ 2023, 380: https://www.bmj.com/content/380/bmj.p580.

Excess mortality across countries in the Western World since the COVID-19 pandemic: ‘Our World in Data’ estimates of January 2020 to December 2022. BMJ Public Health 2024, 2:e000282. https://bmjpublichealthsite-bmj.vercel.app/content/2/1/e000282.

Gut microbiome remodeling and metabolomic profile improves in response to protein pacing with intermittent fasting versus continuous caloric restriction. Nature Communications 2024, 15:4155. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-48355-5.

Seven-day dietary nitrate supplementation clinically significantly improves basal macrovascular function in postmenopausal women: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover clinical trial. Frontiers in Nutrition 2024, June 10: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2024.1359671/full.

Omega-3 fatty acid diglyceride emulsions as a novel injectable acute therapeutic in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 2024; 175: 116749. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0753332224006334.

Time-resolved fate mapping identifies the intestinal upper crypt zone as an origin of Lgr5+ crypt base columnar cells. Cell 2024, June 6, 187:3039-3055.e3014. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38848677.

Isthmus progenitor cells contribute to homeostatic cellular turnover and support regeneration following intestinal injury. Cell 2024, June 6,  187:3056-3071.e3017. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38848678.

Adherence to unhealthy diets is associated with altered frontal gamma-aminobutyric acid and glutamate concentrations and grey matter volume: preliminary findings. Nutritional Neuroscience 2024, may 24: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1028415X.2024.2355603. 

MOULD and MYCOTOXINS
1. Deficient glutathione in the pathophysiology of mycotoxin-related illness. Toxins (Basel) 2014, 6: 608-623. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3942754.

2. Unconscious amygdalar fear conditioning in a subset of chronic fatigue syndrome patients. Med Hypotheses 2002, 59: 727-735. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12445517.
   3. Occurrence, Toxicity, and Analysis of Major Mycotoxins in Food. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2017, 14: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5486318.

Protective and detoxifying effects conferred by selenium against mycotoxins and livestock viruses: A review. Front Vet Sci 2022, 9:956814. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35982930.  

Detoxification of Selenium Yeast on Mycotoxins and Heavy Metals: a Review. Biological Trace Element Research 2023, 201:5441-5454. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-023-03576-5.

 DRY FASTING

Systemic proteome adaptions to 7-day complete caloric restriction in humans. Nature Metabolism 2024: https://www.nature.com/articles/s42255-024-01008-9.

Dawn-to-dusk dry fasting decreases circulating inflammatory cytokines in subjects with increased body mass index. Metabolism Open 2024, 21:100274. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589936824000069.

Dr DERRICK LONSDALE
A review of the biochemistry, metabolism and clinical benefits of thiamin(e) and its derivatives. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2006, 3:49-59. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1375232.

Lonsdale D, Marrs C: The potential of lipid soluble thiamine in the treatment of cancer. AIMS Biophysics 2020.
Corona Virus and the General Adaptation Syndrome. Scholarly Journal of Emergency Medicine and Critical Care 2020: https://scholars.direct/Articles/emergency-medicine/sjemcc-4-017.php.
The Role of Thiamin in High Calorie Malnutrition. Austin J Nutri Food Sci. 2015, 3(2): 1061. https://mail.austinpublishinggroup.com/nutrition-food-sciences/fulltext/ajnfs-v3-id1061.php.
Thiamin. Adv Food Nutr Res 2018, 83:1-56. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29477220.

Effect of thiamine tetrahydrofurfuryl disulfide on audiogenic seizures in DBA/2J mice. Developmental pharmacology and therapeutics 1982, 4 1-2:28-36.
Marrs C, Lonsdale D: Hiding in Plain Sight: Modern Thiamine Deficiency. Cells 2021, 10: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34685573.
Thiamine metabolism in disease. CRC critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences 1975, 5 3:289-313. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1092524.

Thiamine deficiency and sudden deaths. The Lancet 1990, 336: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1975355.

GLUTAHIONE – PATRICK HOLFORD
1. Peng, M., et al. Dietary Total Antioxidant Capacity and Cognitive Function in Older Adults. J Nutr Health Aging (2023).

2. Basambombo LL, Carmichael PH, Côté S, Laurin D. Use of Vitamin E and C Supplements for the Prevention of Cognitive Decline. Ann Pharmacother. 2017 Feb;51(2):118-124. doi: 10.1177/1060028016673072. Epub 2016 Oct 5. PMID: 27708183.

3.Yu JT, Xu W, Tan CC, Andrieu S, Suckling J, Evangelou E, Pan A, Zhang C, Jia J, Feng L, Kua EH, Wang YJ, Wang HF, Tan MS, Li JQ, Hou XH, Wan Y, Tan L, Mok V, Tan L, Dong Q, Touchon J, Gauthier S, Aisen PS, Vellas B. Evidence-based prevention of Alzheimer’s disease: systematic review and meta-analysis of 243 observational prospective studies and 153 randomised controlled trials. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2020 Nov;91(11):1201-1209. doi: 10.1136/jnnp-2019-321913. Epub 2020 Jul 20. PMID: 32690803; PMCID: PMC7569385.

4. Yao JK, Leonard S, Reddy R: Altered glutathione redox state in schizophrenia. Dis Markers 2006, 22(1):83–93 ; see also Gawryluk JW, Wang J-F, Andreazza AC, Shao L, Young LT: Decreased levels of glutathione, the major brain antioxidant, in post-mortem prefrontal cortex from patients with psychiatric disorders. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2011, 14(01):123–130.
   5. Torres LL, Quaglio NB, de Souza GT, Garcia RT, Dati LM, Moreira WL, Loureiro AP, de Souza-Talarico JN, Smid J, Porto CS, Bottino CM, Nitrini R, Barros SB, Camarini R, Marcourakis T. Peripheral oxidative stress biomarkers in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease. J Alzheimers Dis. 2011;26(1):59-68. doi: 10.3233/JAD-2011-110284. PMID: 21593563
5. Park SA, Byeon G, Jhoo JH, Kim HC, Lim MN, Jang JW, Bae JB, Han JW, Kim TH, Kwak KP, Kim BJ, Kim SG, Kim JL, Moon SW, Park JH, Ryu SH, Youn JC, Lee DW, Lee SB, Lee JJ, Lee DY, Kim KW. A Preliminary Study on the Potential Protective Role of the Antioxidative Stress Markers of Cognitive Impairment: Glutathione and Glutathione Reductase. Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci. 2023 Nov 30;21(4):758-768. doi: 10.9758/cpn.23.1053. Epub 2023 Jul 14. PMID: 37859449; PMCID: PMC10591176.
6. Park SA, Byeon G, Jhoo JH, Kim HC, Lim MN, Jang JW, Bae JB, Han JW, Kim TH, Kwak KP, Kim BJ, Kim SG, Kim JL, Moon SW, Park JH, Ryu SH, Youn JC, Lee DW, Lee SB, Lee JJ, Lee DY, Kim KW. A Preliminary Study on the Potential Protective Role of the Antioxidative Stress Markers of Cognitive Impairment: Glutathione and Glutathione Reductase. Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci. 2023 Nov 30;21(4):758-768. doi: 10.9758/cpn.23.1053. Epub 2023 Jul 14. PMID: 37859449; PMCID: PMC10591176.
7. Martínez de Toda I, Miguélez L, Vida C, Carro E, De la Fuente M. Altered Redox State in Whole Blood Cells from Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease. J Alzheimers Dis. 2019;71(1):153-163. doi: 10.3233/JAD-190198. PMID: 31356205.
8. J. Frontiñán-Rubio et al. Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience 92 (2018
9. Witschi A, Reddy S, Stofer B, Lauterburg B: The systemic availability of oral glutathione. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1992, 43(6):667–669.
10. Lavoie S, Murray MM, Deppen P, Knyazeva MG, Berk M, Boulat O, Bovet P, Bush AI, Conus P, Copolov D, Fornari E, Meuli R, Solida A, Vianin P, Cuénod M, Buclin T, Do KQ: Glutathione precursor, N-acetyl-cysteine, improves mismatch negativity in schizophrenia patients. Neuropsychopharmacology 2008, 33(9):2187–2199.
11. Ohlenschlager G,Treusch G, patent number: 5925620 International Classification A61K 3800 for synergistic action of anthocyanidins and glutathione
12. Bradlow RCJ, Berk M, Kalivas PW, Back SE, Kanaan RA. The Potential of N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine (NAC) in the Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders. CNS Drugs. 2022 May;36(5):451-482. doi: 10.1007/s40263-022-00907-3. Epub 2022 Mar 22. Erratum in: CNS Drugs. 2022 Apr 28;: PMID: 35316513; PMCID: PMC9095537.
13. Berk M, Copolov D, Dean O, Lu K, Jeavons S, Schapkaitz I, Anderson-Hunt M, Judd F, Katz F, Katz P, Ording-Jespersen S, Little J, Conus P, Cuenod M, Do KQ, Busha AI: N- acetyl cysteine as a glutathione precursor for schizophrenia—a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Biol Psychiatry 2008, 64(5):361–368.

Glutathione research extra

Autoregulatory control of mitochondrial glutathione homeostasis. Science 2023: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adf4154. ;

GlyNAC (Glycine and N-Acetylcysteine) Supplementation in Old Mice Improves Brain Glutathione Deficiency, Oxidative Stress, Glucose Uptake, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Genomic Damage, Inflammation and Neurotrophic Factors to Reverse Age-Associated Cognitive Decline: Implications for Improving Brain Health in Aging. Antioxidants 2023, 12:1042. https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/12/5/1042.

 RESEARCH UPDATE

Adverse muscle composition predicts all-cause mortality in obesity

– A personalized assessment of sarcopenic obesity using magnetic

resonance imaging. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1gkbFXhIKc3yUmCqamnXTi4mh9u-bmi0Z/view.

Ageing amplifies a gut microbiota immunogenic signature linked to heightened inflammation. Ageing Cell 2024; https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/acel.14190.

The nasal microbiota is a potential diagnostic biomarker for sepsis in critical care units. Microbiology Spectrum 2024, June 12:  https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/spectrum.03441-23.

Paternal and induced gut microbiota seeding complement mother-to-infant transmission. Cell Host & Microbe 2024, June 12, 32 (6): 1011. https://www.cell.com/cell-host-microbe/fulltext/S1931-3128(24)00176-8.

MIKE ASH on Leaky Gut

1. Martel J, Chang SH, Ko YF, Hwang TL, Young JD, Ojcius DM. Gut barrier disruption and chronic disease. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2022 Apr;33(4):247-265.
2. Kinashi Y, Hase K. Partners in Leaky Gut Syndrome: Intestinal Dysbiosis and Autoimmunity. Front Immunol. 2021 Apr 22;12:673708.
3. Camilleri M Leaky gut: mechanisms, measurement and clinical implications in humans Gut 2019;68:1516-1526.
4. Aleman RS, Moncada M, Aryana KJ. Leaky Gut and the Ingredients That Help Treat It: A Review. 2023 Jan 7;28(2):619.
5. Bischoff S.C., Barbara G., Buurman W., Ockhuizen T., Schulzke J.D., Serino M., Tilg H., Watson A., Wells J.M. Intestinal permeability—A new target for disease prevention and therapy. BMC Gastroenterol. 2014;14:189.
6. Ghosh S., Whitley C.S., Haribabu B., Jala V.R. Regulation of Intestinal Barrier Function by Microbial Metabolites. Cell Mol. Hepatol. 2021;11:1463–1482.
7. Ma J., Piao X., Mahfuz S., Long S., Wang J. The interaction among gut microbes, the intestinal barrier and short chain fatty acids. Nutr. 2022;9:159–174.
8. Jaquez-Durán G, Arellano-Ortiz AL. Western diet components that increase intestinal permeability with implications on health. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 2023 Nov 27.
9. Carter MM, Olm MR, Merrill BD, Dahan D, Tripathi S, Spencer SP, Yu FB, Jain S, Neff N, Jha AR, Sonnenburg ED, Sonnenburg JL. Ultra-deep sequencing of Hadza hunter-gatherers recovers vanishing gut microbes. 2023 Jul 6;186(14):3111-3124.e13
10. Han H, You Y, Cha S, Kim T-R, Sohn M, Park J. Multi-Species Probiotic Strain Mixture Enhances Intestinal Barrier Function by Regulating Inflammation and Tight Junctions in Lipopolysaccharides Stimulated Caco-2 Cells. Microorganisms. 2023; 11(3):656.
11. Martel J, Chang SH, Ko YF, Hwang TL, Young JD, Ojcius DM. Gut barrier disruption and chronic disease. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2022 Apr;33(4):247-265.

WELCOME
“nearly 3 million…too sick to work”: https://www.theguardian.com/business/2024/mar/23/uk-adults-too-sick-to-work-resolution-foundation-covid.

“Waiting times for elective (non-urgent) treatment: referral to treatment (RTT)”, King’s Fund, May 24: https://www.kingsfund.org.uk/insight-and-analysis/data-and-charts/waiting-times-non-urgent-treatment.

“685 years to clear”: https://www.yahoo.com/news/nhs-waiting-lists-could-685-140033627.html.

NEWS

Ketogenic diet induces p53-dependent cellular senescence in multiple organs. Science Advances 2024, May 17, 10:eado1463:  https://www.science.org/doi/abs/10.1126/sciadv.ado1463.
Saladino “including carbs in my diet…” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iz5PymNgnSY.
Saladino and Asprey quit carnivore: https://honehealth.com/edge/health/paul-saladino-quit-carnivore-diet.

“Why Gary Brecka Changed his Mind on Keto, Fasting, and 3 other things”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_qed0D6RDdk.

The Celiac‐Disease Superantigen Oligomerizes and Increases Permeability in an Enterocyte Cell Model. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 2024, 63 (21): https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/anie.202317552.  

The landscape of rare genetic variation associated with inflammatory bowel disease and Parkinson’s disease comorbidity. Genome Medicine, 2024, May 14, 16 (1): https://genomemedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13073-024-01335-2.

Amyloid β accelerates age-related proteome-wide protein insolubility. GeroScience 2024, May 16: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-024-01169-1.

A 5:2 intermittent fasting regimen ameliorates NASH and fibrosis and blunts HCC development via hepatic PPARα and PCK1. Cell Metabolism, 2024, May 7: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1550413124001359.  

Vitamin D regulates microbiome-dependent cancer immunity. Science 2024, 384: 428-437.  https://www.science.org/doi/abs/10.1126/science.adh7954.
Multimodal inhibitory effect of matcha on Porphyromonas gingivalis. Microbiology Spectrum 2024, May 21, 0:e03426-03423. https://journals.asm.org/doi/abs/10.1128/spectrum.03426-23.

A dietary commensal microbe enhances antitumor immunity by activating tumor macrophages to sequester iron. Nature Immunology 2024, 25:790-801. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41590-024-01816-x.

Investigating nutrient biomarkers of healthy brain aging: a multimodal brain imaging study. npj Aging 2024, May 21,10:27. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41514-024-00150-8.
Global burden and strength of evidence for 88 risk factors in 204 countries and 811 subnational locations, 1990-2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet 2024, May 18, 403:2162-2203. https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(24)00933-4/fulltext.

DIABETES – Prof Roy Taylor

1. Pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes: tracing the reverse route from cure to cause. Diabetologia 2008, 51:1781-1789.
2. Reversal of type 2 diabetes: normalisation of beta cell function in association with decreased pancreas and liver triacylglycerol. Diabetologia 2011, 54:2506-2514.
   3. Very Low-Calorie Diet and 6 Months of Weight Stability in Type 2 Diabetes: Pathophysiological Changes in Responders and Nonresponders. Diabetes Care 2016, 39:808-815. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27002059.
   4. Normal weight individuals who develop type 2 diabetes: the personal fat threshold. Clin Sci (Lond) 2015, 128:405-410. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25515001.
   5. Primary care-led weight management for remission of type 2 diabetes (DiRECT): an open-label, cluster-randomised trial. Lancet 2018, 391:541-551. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29221645.
   6. Time Course of Normalization of Functional β-Cell Capacity in the Diabetes Remission Clinical Trial After Weight Loss in Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2020, 43:813-820. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc19-0371.
   7. Population response to information on reversibility of Type 2 diabetes. Diabet Med 2013, 30:e135-138. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23320491.
3. Aetiology of Type 2 diabetes in people with a ‘normal’ body mass index: testing the personal fat threshold hypothesis. Clinical Science 2023, 137:1333-1346. https://doi.org/10.1042/CS20230586.

References to the academic paper:
1 Federation ID (2021) IDF Diabetes Atlas. Accessed 24 Aug 2023.

2 Targher, G., Corey, K.E., Byrne, C.D. and Roden, M. (2021) The complex link between NAFLD and type 2 diabetes mellitus – mechanisms and treatments. Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 18, 599–612, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41575-021-00448-y.

3 NICE (2022) Type 2 diabetes in adults: management. Accessed 12 Dec 2022. 4 Lim, E.L., Hollingsworth, K.G., Aribisala, B.S., Chen, M.J., Mathers, J.C. and Taylor, R. (2011) Reversal of type 2 diabetes: normalisation of beta cell function in association with decreased pancreas and liver triacylglycerol. Diabetologia 54, 2506–2514, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-011-2204-7.
5 Steven, S., Hollingsworth, K.G., Al-Mrabeh, A., Avery, L., Aribisala, B., Caslake, M. et al. (2016) Very Low-Calorie Diet and 6 Months of Weight Stability in Type 2 Diabetes: Pathophysiological Changes in Responders and Nonresponders. Diabetes Care. 39, 808–815, https://doi.org/10.2337/dc15-1942.

6 Taylor, R. and Holman, R. (2015) Normal weight individuals who develop Type 2 diabetes: the personal fat threshold. Clin. Sci. 128, 405–410, https://doi.org/10.1042/CS20140553.

7 Statistics NCfH (2007) NHANES 1999-2000 Data Files: Data, Docs, Codebooks, SAS Code. Accessed 24 Aug 2023.
8 Jones, A.G., McDonald, T.J., Shields, B.M., Hagopian, W. and Hattersley, A.T. (2021) Latent Autoimmune Diabetes of Adults (LADA) Is Likely to Represent a Mixed Population of Autoimmune (Type 1) and Nonautoimmune (Type 2) Diabetes. Diabetes Care 44, 1243–1251, https://doi.org/10.2337/dc20-2834.
9 Riddle, M.C., Cefalu, W.T., Evans, P.H., Gerstein, H.C., Nauck, M.A., Oh, W.K. et al. (2021) Consensus report: definition and interpretation of remission in Type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care., https://doi.org/10.2337/dci21-0034.

10 (2018) The QRISK®3-2018 risk calculator. Accessed 24 Aug 2023.
11 Foster, E., Lee, C., Imamura, F., Hollidge, S.E., Westgate, K.L., Venables, M.C. et al. (2019) Validity and reliability of an online self-report 24-h dietary recall method (Intake24): a doubly labelled water study and repeated-measures analysis. J. Nutr. Sci. 8, e29, https://doi.org/10.1017/jns.2019.20.
12 Steven, S., Hollingsworth, K.G., Small, P., Woodcock, S., Pucci, A., Aribisala, B.S. et al. (2016) Weight loss decreases excess pancreatic triacylglycerol specifically in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 39, 158–165, https://doi.org/10.2337/dc15-0750.
13 Sanders, F.W.B., Acharjee, A., Walker, C., Marney, L., Roberts, L.D., Imamura, F. et al. (2018) Hepatic steatosis risk is partly driven by increased de novo lipogenesis following carbohydrate consumption. Genome Biol. 19, 79, https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-018-1439-8.

14 Jenkins, B., Ronis, M. and Koulman, A. (2020) LC-MS lipidomics: exploiting a simple high-throughput method for the comprehensive extraction of lipids in a ruminant fat dose-response study. Metabolites 10, 296–324, https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo10070296.
15 Cobelli, C., Dalla Man, C., Toffolo, G., Basu, R., Vella, A. and Rizza, R. (2014) The oral minimal model method. Diabetes 63, 1203–1213, https://doi.org/10.2337/db13-1198.
16 Unit ODT (2019) HOMA2 Calculator. Accessed 24 Aug 2023.
17 Petersen, K.F., Dufour, S., Befroy, D., Lehrke, M., Hendler, R.E. and Shulman, G.I. (2005) Reversal of nonalcoholic hepatic steatosis, hepatic insulin resistance, and hyperglycemia by moderate weight reduction in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 54, 603–608, https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.54.3.603.

18 Seppala-Lindroos, A., Vehkavaara, S., Hakkinen, A.M., Goto, T., Westerbacka, J., Sovijarvi, A. et al. (2002) Fat accumulation in the liver is associated with defects in insulin suppression of glucose production and serum free fatty acids independent of obesity in normal men. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 87, 3023–3028, https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem.87.7.8638.

19 Tiikkainen, M., Tamminen, M., Hakkinen, A.M., Bergholm, R., Vehkavaara, S., Halavaara, J. et al. (2002) Liver-fat accumulation and insulin resistance in obese women with previous gestational diabetes. Obes. Res. 10, 859–867, https://doi.org/10.1038/oby.2002.118.

20 Ravikumar, B., Gerrard, J., Dalla Man, C., Firbank, M.J., Lane, A., English, P.T. et al. (2008) Pioglitazone decreases fasting and postprandial endogenous glucose production in proportion to decrease in hepatic triglyceride content. Diabetes 57, 2288–2295, https://doi.org/10.2337/db07-1828.

21 Al-Mrabeh, A., Zhyzhneuskaya, S.V., Peters, C., Barnes, A.C., Melhem, S., Jesuthasan, A. et al. (2020) Hepatic lipoprotein export and remission of human Type 2 diabetes after weight loss. Cell Metab. 31, 233e4–249e4, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2019.11.018.
22 Taylor, R., Al-Mrabeh, A., Zhyzhneuskaya, S., Peters, C., Barnes, A.C., Aribisala, B.S. et al. (2018) Remission of human Type 2 Diabetes requires decrease in liver and pancreas fat content but is dependent upon capacity for beta cell recovery. Cell Metab. 28, 547e3–556e3, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2018.07.003.
23 Lean, M.E., Leslie, W.S., Barnes, A.C., Brosnahan, N., Thom, G., McCombie, L. et al. (2018) Primary care-led weight management for remission of type 2 diabetes (DiRECT): an open-label, cluster-randomised trial. Lancet 391, 541–551, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)33102-1.
24 Szczepaniak, L.S., Nurenberg, P., Leonard, D., Browning, J.D., Reingold, J.S., Grundy, S. et al. (2005) Magnetic resonance spectroscopy to measure hepatic triglyceride content: prevalence of hepatic steatosis in the general population. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 288, E462–E468, https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00064.2004.
25 Petersen, K.F., Dufour, S., Li, F., Rothman, D.L. and Shulman, G.I. (2022) Ethnic and sex differences in hepatic lipid content and related cardiometabolic parameters in lean individuals. JCI Insight 7, https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.157906.
26 Luukkonen, P.K., Zhou, Y., Sadevirta, S., Leivonen, M., Arola, J., Oresic, M. et al. (2016) Hepatic ceramides dissociate steatosis and insulin resistance in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J. Hepatol. 64, 1167–1175, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2016.01.002.
27 Taylor, R. (2008) Pathogenesis of Type 2 diabetes: Tracing the reverse route from cure to cause. Diabetologia 51, 1781–1789, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-008-1116-7.
28 Smith, G.I., Shankaran, M., Yoshino, M., Schweitzer, G.G., Chondronikola, M., Beals, J.W. et al. (2020) Insulin resistance drives hepatic de novo lipogenesis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J. Clin. Invest. 130, 1453–1460, https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI134165.
29 Morgan, N.G., Dhayal, S., Diakogiannaki, E. and Welters, H.J. (2008) The cytoprotective actions of long-chain mono-unsaturated fatty acids in pancreatic beta-cells. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 36, 905–908, https://doi.org/10.1042/BST0360905.
30 Zhyzhneuskaya, S.V., Al-Mrabeh, A., Peters, C., Barnes, A., Aribisala, B., Hollingsworth, K.G. et al. (2020) Time course of normalization of functional beta-cell capacity in the diabetes remission clinical trial after weight loss in Type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 43, 813–820, https://doi.org/10.2337/dc19-0371.
31 Turner, R.C., Holman, R.R., Matthews, D., Hockaday, T.D. and Peto, J. (1979) Insulin deficiency and insulin resistance interaction in diabetes: estimation of their relative contribution by feedback analysis from basal plasma insulin and glucose concentrations. Metabolism 28, 1086–1096, https://doi.org/10.1016/0026-0495(79)90146-X.
32.  Lee, Y., Hirose, H., Ohneda, M., Johnson, J.H., McGarry, J.D. and Unger, R.H. (1994) Beta-cell lipotoxicity in the pathogenesis of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus of obese rats: impairment in adipocyte-beta-cell relationships. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91, 10878–10882, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.91.23.10878.
33 Cnop, M., Abdulkarim, B., Bottu, G., Cunha, D.A., Igoillo-Esteve, M., Masini, M. et al. (2014) RNA sequencing identifies dysregulation of the human pancreatic islet transcriptome by the saturated fatty acid palmitate. Diabetes 63, 1978–1993, https://doi.org/10.2337/db13-1383.
34 Flannery, C., Dufour, S., Rabol, R., Shulman, G.I. and Petersen, K.F. (2012) Skeletal muscle insulin resistance promotes increased hepatic de novo lipogenesis, hyperlipidemia, and hepatic steatosis in the elderly. Diabetes 61, 2711–2717, https://doi.org/10.2337/db12-0206.
35 McGarry, J.D. (2002) Banting lecture 2001: dysregulation of fatty acid metabolism in the etiology of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 51, 7–18, https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.51.1.7.
36 Unger, R.H. (1995) Lipotoxicity in the pathogenesis of obesity-dependent NIDDM. Genetic and clinical implications. Diabetes 44, 863–870, https://doi.org/10.2337/diab.44.8.863.
37 Pinnick, K., Neville, M., Clark, A. and Fielding, B. (2010) Reversibility of metabolic and morphological changes associated with chronic exposure of pancreatic islet beta-cells to fatty acids. J. Cell. Biochem. 109, 683–692.
38 Pinnick, K.E., Collins, S.C., Londos, C., Gauguier, D., Clark, A. and Fielding, B.A. (2008) Pancreatic ectopic fat is characterized by adipocyte infiltration and altered lipid composition. Obesity 16, 522–530, https://doi.org/10.1038/oby.2007.110.
39 Laybutt, D.R., Preston, A.M., Akerfeldt, M.C., Kench, J.G., Busch, A.K., Biankin, A.V. et al. (2007) Endoplasmic reticulum stress contributes to beta cell apoptosis in type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 50, 752–763, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-006-0590-z.
40 Steven, S., Hollingsworth, K.G., Small, P.K., Woodcock, S.A., Pucci, A., Aribasala, B. et al. (2016) Calorie restriction and not glucagon-like peptide-1 explains the acute improvement in glucose control after gastric bypass in Type 2 diabetes. Diabetic Med.: J. Br. Diabetic Assoc. 33, 1723–1731, https://doi.org/10.1111/dme.13257.
41 Poitout, V., Amyot, J., Semache, M., Zarrouki, B., Hagman, D. and Fontes, G. (2010) Glucolipotoxicity of the pancreatic beta cell.  Biochim. Biophys. Acta (BBA) – Mol. Cell Biol. Lipids 1801, 289–298, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbalip.2009.08.006.
42 Brereton, M.F., Iberl, M., Shimomura, K., Zhang, Q., Adriaenssens, A.E., Proks, P. et al. (2014) Reversible changes in pancreatic islet structure and function produced by elevated blood glucose. Nat. Commun. 5, 4639–4640, https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms5639.

43 Talchai, C., Xuan, S., Lin, H.V., Sussel, L. and Accili, D. (2012) Pancreatic beta cell dedifferentiation as a mechanism of diabetic beta cell failure. Cell 150, 1223–1234, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2012.07.029.
44 White, M.G., Marshall, H.L., Rigby, R., Huang, G.C., Amer, A., Booth, T. et al. (2013) Expression of mesenchymal and alpha-cell phenotypic markers in islet beta-cells in recently diagnosed diabetes. Diabetes Care 36, 3818–3820, https://doi.org/10.2337/dc13-0705.
45 Son, J., Du, W., Esposito, M., Shariati, K., Ding, H., Kang, Y. et al. (2023) Genetic and pharmacologic inhibition of ALDH1A3 as a treatment of beta-cell failure. Nat. Commun. 14, 558, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-36315-4.  

46 Wang, B., York Nathaniel, W., Nichols Colin, G. and Remedi Maria, S. (2014) Pancreatic β Cell Dedifferentiation in Diabetes and Redifferentiation following Insulin Therapy. Cell Metab. 19, 872–882, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2014.03.010.
47 White, M.G., Marshall, H.L., Rigby, R., Huang, G.C., Amer, A., Booth, T. et al. (2013) Expression of mesenchymal and α-cell phenotypic markers in islet β-cells in recently diagnosed diabetes. Diabetes Care. 36, 3818–3820, https://doi.org/10.2337/dc13-0705.
48 Cinti, F., Bouchi, R., Kim-Muller, J.Y., Ohmura, Y., Sandoval, P.R., Masini, M. et al. (2016) Evidence of beta-cell dedifferentiation in human Type 2 diabetes. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 101, 1044–1054, https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2015-2860.
49 Panunzi, S., Carlsson, L., De Gaetano, A., Peltonen, M., Rice, T., Sjostrom, L. et al. (2016) Determinants of diabetes remission and glycemic control after bariatric surgery. Diabetes Care. 39, 166–174, https://doi.org/10.2337/dc15-0575.
50 Lotta, L.A., Gulati, P., Day, F.R., Payne, F., Ongen, H., van de Bunt, M. et al. (2016) Integrative genomic analysis implicates limited peripheral adipose storage capacity in the pathogenesis of human insulin resistance. Nat. Genet. 49, 17–26, https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.3714.
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52 Jarrett, R.J., Keen, H., Fuller, J.H. and McCartney, M. (1979) Worsening to diabetes in men with impaired glucose tolerance (“borderline diabetes”). Diabetologia 16, 25–30, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00423146.
53 England N (2019) Health Survey for England 2019 Overweight and obesity in adults and children. Available from: https://files.digital.nhs.uk/9D/4195D5/HSE19-Overweight-obesity-rep.pdf.  54 Zheng, Y., Ley, S.H. and Hu, F.B. (2018) Global aetiology and epidemiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications. Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. 14, 88–98, https://doi.org/10.1038/nrendo.2017.151.
55 Vaag, A. and Lund, S.S. (2007) Non-obese patients with type 2 diabetes and prediabetic subjects: distinct phenotypes requiring special diabetes treatment and (or) prevention? Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab. 32, 912–920, https://doi.org/10.1139/H07-100.

56 Hollenbeck, C.B., Chen, Y.-D.I. and Reaven, G.M. (1984) A comparison of the relative effects of obesity and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus on in vivo insulin stimulated glucose utilization. Diabetes 33, 622–626, https://doi.org/10.2337/diab.33.7.622.
57 Reaven, G.M., Chen, Y.D., Hollenbeck, C.B., Sheu, W.H., Ostrega, D. and Polonsky, K.S. (1993) Plasma insulin, C-peptide, and proinsulin concentrations in obese and nonobese individuals with varying degrees of glucose tolerance. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 76, 44–48.
58 Taheri, S., Zaghloul, H., Chagoury, O., Elhadad, S., Ahmed, S.H., El Khatib, N. et al. (2020) Effect of intensive lifestyle intervention on bodyweight and glycaemia in early type 2 diabetes (DIADEM-I): an open-label, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Diab. Endocrinol. 8, 477–489, https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(20)30117-0.
59 Bynoe, K., Unwin, N., Taylor, C., Murphy, M.M., Bartholomew, L., Greenidge, A. et al. (2019) Inducing remission of Type 2 diabetes in the Caribbean: findings from a mixed methods feasibility study of a low-calorie liquid diet-based intervention in Barbados. Diabetic Med.: J. Br. Diabetic Assoc. 37, 1816–1824.
60 Sarathi, V., Kolly, A., Chaithanya, H.B. and Dwarakanath, C.S. (2017) High rates of diabetes reversal in newly diagnosed Asian Indian young adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus with intensive lifestyle therapy. J. Nat. Sci. Biol. Med. 8, 60–63, https://doi.org/10.4103/0976-9668.198343.
61 Umphonsathien, M., Prutanopajai, P., Aiam, O.R.J., Thararoop, T., Karin, A., Kanjanapha, C. et al. (2019) Immediate and long-term effects of a very-low-calorie diet on diabetes remission and glycemic control in obese Thai patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Food Sci. Nutr. 7, 1113–1122, https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.956.
62 Rehackova, L., V, A.-S., Adamson, A.J., Stevens, S., Taylor, R. and Sniehotta, F.F. (2017) Acceptability of a very low energy diet in Type 2 diabetes: patient experiences and behaviour regulation. Diabet. Med. 34, 1554–1567, https://doi.org/10.1111/dme.13426.
63 NHSEngland (2020) Low calorie diets to treat type 2 diabetes. Accessed 24 Aug 2023.

HERBAL INSIGHTS – Ruth Weaver

1. Mechanistic insight into anti-inflammatory potential of hibiscus rosa-sinensis flower extract as a herbal remedy: A mini review. J Herb Med 2024, 100884. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2210803324000411.
2. Effects of Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) and Gastroprotective NSAIDs on the Gastrointestinal Tract: A Narrative Review. Cureus 2023, 15(4). https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.37080.
3. The Yoga of Herbs : An Ayurvedic Guide to Herbal Medicine. Motilal Banarsidass; 2016.
4. Chapter 7 – Role of nutraceuticals in respiratory and allied diseases. Nutraceuticals (Second Edition), Efficacy, Safety and Toxicity

2021, Pages 101-115. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/B9780128210383000070.

5. Therapeutic Potential Of Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis: A Review. International Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics, 2017:

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/312148872_THERAPEUTIC_POTENTIAL_OF_HIBISCUS_ROSA_SINENSIS_A_REVIEW.

6. Hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis), National Library Board of Singapore:. https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=58f5f860-ace3-4819-82c5-be7d2477855f#:~:text=Hibiscus%20leaves%20are%20ovate%2C%20simple
7. Evaluation of hyperglycemic and hyperlipidemic mitigating impact of Hibiscus rosa sinensis (gudhal) flower in type ii diabetes mellitus subjects. International Journal of Applied Biology and Pharmaceutical Technology 2016;7(2):223–228.
8. An update review on Hibiscus rosa sinensis phytochemistry and medicinal uses. Journal of Ayurvedic and Herbal Medicine 2018;4(3):135-146. https://www.ayurvedjournal.com/JAHM_201843_08.pdf.

RESEARCH UPDATE

Effect of the Nutraceutical Micodigest 2.0 on the Complication Rate of Colorectal Cancer Surgery With Curative Intent: Protocol for a Placebo-Controlled Double-blind Randomized Clinical Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2022, 11:e34292: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9152712.

Inaoside A: New antioxidant phenolic compound from the edible mushroom Laetiporus cremeiporus. Heliyon 2024, 10 (3): e24651. DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24651.

Efficacy of psilocybin for treating symptoms of depression: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2024, 385, May 1: https://www.bmj.com/content/385/bmj-2023-078084.

TREM2 deficiency reprograms intestinal macrophages and microbiota to enhance anti–PD-1 tumor immunotherapy. Science Immunology 2024, May 17, 9:eadi5374: https://www.science.org/doi/abs/10.1126/sciimmunol.adi5374.

Natural toxins in foods – link to the Consumer Monitor:

https://www.bfr.bund.de/cm/364/bfr-consumer-monitor-2024-special-naturally-occurring-plant-based-toxins.pdf.
Microplastic presence in dog and human testis and its potential association with sperm count and weights of testis and epididymis. Toxicological Sciences 2024, May 15:  https://academic.oup.com/toxsci/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/toxsci/kfae060/7673133.

Nature and human well-being: The olfactory pathway.Science Advances 2024, May 15, 10 (20): https://www.science.org/doi/abs/10.1126/sciadv.adn3028.

An Adaptive Behavioral Intervention for Weight Loss Management: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA 2024, May 14: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2024.0821.

Enteric and systemic postprandial lactate shuttle phases and dietary carbohydrate carbon flow in humans. Nature Metabolism, 2024; 6 (4): 670 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-024-00993-1

Sodium-Permeable Ion Channels TRPM4 and TRPM5 are Functional in Human Gastric Parietal Cells in Culture and Modulate the Cellular Response to Bitter-Tasting Food Constituents. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2024, 72:4906-4917: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09085.

WELCOME
“Long-term sickness surges to record high as labour crisis deepens”, by Tim Wallace, The Telegraph, April 16, 2024: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2024/04/16/long-term-sickness-surges-record-high-labour-crisis-deepens.

Follow Dr Karol Sikora: https://twitter.com/ProfKarolSikora, @ProfKarolSikora.

NEWS
In Vivo Tissue Distribution of Polystyrene or Mixed Polymer Microspheres and Metabolomic Analysis after Oral Exposure in Mice. Environmental Health Perspectives 2024, 132 (4): https://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/doi/10.1289/EHP13435.  

Micro- and Nanoplastics Breach the Blood–Brain Barrier (BBB): Biomolecular Corona’s Role Revealed. Nanomaterials 2023, 13:1404. https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/13/8/1404.

Large-scale phenotyping of patients with long COVID post-hospitalization reveals mechanistic subtypes of disease. Nature Immunology 2024, 25:607-621. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41590-024-01778-0.

Western diet consumption impairs memory function via dysregulated hippocampus acetylcholine signaling. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity 2024, 118:408-422. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0889159124002952.

Ketogenic Diet Intervention on Metabolic and Psychiatric Health in Bipolar and Schizophrenia: A Pilot Trial. Psychiatry Research 2024, 335:115866. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165178124001513.

NEWS EXTRA page 10
Redox modulation of Meniere Disease by Coriolus Versicolor treatment, a nutritional mushroom approach with neuroprotective potential. Current Neuropharmacology 2024;22:000-000: https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570159X22666231206153936.

HERBAL INSIGHTS – Ruth Weaver
1. The Effect of Citrus aurantium L. Flower Extract on the Severity of Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial. Journal of Herbal Medicine 2024, Apr 4:100878. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2210803324000356.

2. Kenner D, Yves Requena. Botanical Medicine: A European Professional Perspective. Paradigm Publications, 2001.
3. Stableford A. The Handbook of Constitutional and Energetic Herbal Medicine: the Lotus Within. Aeon Books, 2021.
4. The Essential Book of Herbal Medicine, by Simon Mills. Penguin, 1993.
5. Effects of Citrus Aurantium (Bitter Orange) on the Severity of First-Stage Labor Pain. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 2014, 13 (3): 1011-1018. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4177623.

ALZHEIMER’s and MERNTAL HEALTH – Prof Peter Gøtzsche
Our prescription drugs kill us in large numbers. Pol Arch Med Wewn 2014, 124:628-634. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25355584.

1 Gøtzsche PC. Deadly Medicines and Organised Crime: How Big Pharma Has Corrupted Health Care. London: Radcliffe Publishing; 2013.

2 Gøtzsche PC. Deadly Psychiatry and Organised Denial. Copenhagen: People’s Press; 2015.

3 Schroeder MO. Death by Prescription: By one estimate, taking prescribed medications is the fourth leading cause of death among Americans. US News 2016; Sept 27.

4 Light DW, Lexchin J, Darrow JJ. Institutional corruption of pharmaceuticals and the myth of safe and effective drugs. J Law Med Ethics 2013;41:590-600.

5 Lazarou J, Pomeranz BH, Corey PN. Incidence of adverse drug reactions in hospitalized patients: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. JAMA 1998;279:1200–5.

6 FAERS Reporting by Patient Outcomes by Year. FDA 2015;Nov 10.

7 Gøtzsche PC. Mental Health Survival Kit and Withdrawal From Psychiatric Drugs. Ann Arbor: L H Press; 2022.

8 Hubbard R, Farrington P, Smith C, et al. Exposure to tricyclic and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants and the risk of hip fracture. Am J Epidemiol 2003;158:77-84.

9 Thapa PB, Gideon P, Cost TW, et al. Antidepressants and the risk of falls among nursing home residents. N Engl J Med 1998;339:875-82.

10 Ebbesen J, Buajordet I, Erikssen J, et al. Drug-related deaths in a department of internal medicine. Arch Intern Med 2001;161:2317–23.

11 James JTA. A new, evidence-based estimate of patient harms associated with hospital care. J Patient Saf 2013;9:122-8.

12 Ho JY. Life Course Patterns of Prescription Drug Use in the United States. Demography 2023;60:1549-79.

13 Gøtzsche PC. Long-term use of antipsychotics and antidepressants is not evidence-based. Int J Risk Saf Med 2020;31:37-42.

14 Gøtzsche PC. Long-Term Use of Benzodiazepines, Stimulants and Lithium is Not Evidence-Based. Clin Neuropsychiatry 2020;17:281-3.

15 Forbruget af antipsykotika blandt 18-64 årige patienter, med skizofreni, mani eller bipolar affektiv sindslidelse. København: Sundhedsstyrelsen; 2006.

16 Hughes S, Cohen D, Jaggi R. Differences in reporting serious adverse events in industry sponsored clinical trial registries and journal articles on antidepressant and antipsychotic drugs: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2014;4:e005535.

17 Schneider LS, Dagerman KS, Insel P. Risk of death with atypical antipsychotic drug treatment for dementia: meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials. JAMA 2005;294:1934–43.

18 FDA package insert for Risperdal (risperidone). Accessed 30 May 2022.

19 Koponen M, Taipale H, Lavikainen P, et al. Risk of Mortality Associated with Antipsychotic Monotherapy and Polypharmacy Among Community-Dwelling Persons with Alzheimer’s Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2017;56:107-18.

20 Whitaker R. Lure of Riches Fuels Testing. Boston Globe 1998; Nov 17.

21 Whitaker R. Mad in America: Bad science, Bad medicine, and the Enduring Mistreatment of the Mentally Ill. Cambridge: Perseus Books Group; 2002:page 269.

22 Vanderburg DG, Batzar E, Fogel I, et al. A pooled analysis of suicidality in double-blind, placebo-controlled studies of sertraline in adults. J Clin Psychiatry 2009;70:674-83.

23 Hengartner MP, Plöderl M. Newer-Generation Antidepressants and Suicide Risk in Randomized Controlled Trials: a Re-Analysis of the FDA Database. Psychother Psychosom 2019;88:247-8.

24 Hengartner MP, Plöderl M. Reply to the Letter to the Editor: “Newer-Generation Antidepressants and Suicide Risk: Thoughts on Hengartner and Plöderl’s ReAnalysis.” Psychother Psychosom 2019;88:373-4.

25 Weich S, Pearce HL, Croft P, et al. Effect of anxiolytic and hypnotic drug prescriptions on mortality hazards: retrospective cohort study. BMJ 2014;348:g1996.

26 Kripke DF, Langer RD, Kline LE. Hypnotics’ association with mortality or cancer: a matched cohort study. BMJ Open 2012;2:e000850.

27 Coupland C, Dhiman P, Morriss R, et al. Antidepressant use and risk of adverse outcomes in older people: population based cohort study. BMJ 2011;343:d4551.

28 Smoller JW, Allison M, Cochrane BB, et al. Antidepressant use and risk of incident cardiovascular morbidity and mortality among postmenopausal women in the Women’s Health Initiative study. Arch Intern Med 2009;169:2128-39.

29 O’Neill A. Age distribution in the United States from 2012 to 2022. Statista 2024;Jan 25.

30 Olfson M, King M, Schoenbaum M. Antipsychotic Treatment of Adults in the United States. Psychiatrist.com 2015;Oct 21. 

31 Maust DT, Lin LA, Blow FC. Benzodiazepine Use and Misuse Among Adults in the United States. Psychiatr Serv 2019;70:97-106.

32 Brody DJ, Gu Q. Antidepressant Use Among Adults: United States, 2015-2018. CDC 2020; Sept. 

33 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Leading Causes of Death. 2024; Jan 17.

34 Drug Overdose Deaths. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2023; Aug 22. 

35 Davis JS, Lee HY, Kim J, et al. Use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in US adults: changes over time and by demographic. Open Heart 2017;4:e000550.

36 Conaghan PG. A turbulent decade for NSAIDs: update on current concepts of classification, epidemiology, comparative efficacy, and toxicity. Rheumatol Int 2012;32:1491-502.

37 Bally M, Dendukuri N, Rich B, et al. Risk of acute myocardial infarction with NSAIDs in real world use: bayesian meta-analysis of individual patient data. BMJ 2017;357:j1909.

38 Bresalier RS, Sandler RS, Quan H, et al. Cardiovascular Events Associated with Rofecoxib in a Colorectal Adenoma Chemoprevention Trial. N Engl J Med 2005;352:1092-102.

39 Blower AL, Brooks A, Fenn GC, et al. Emergency admissions for upper gastrointestinal disease and their relation to NSAID use. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1997;11:283–91.

40 Davis C, Lexchin J, Jefferson T, Gøtzsche P, McKee M. “Adaptive pathways” to drug authorisation: adapting to industry? BMJ 2016;354:i4437.

41 van der Hooft CS, Sturkenboom MC, van Grootheest K, et al. Adverse drug reaction-related hospitalisations: a nationwide study in The Netherlands. Drug Saf 2006;29:161-8.

42 Gøtzsche PC. Big marketing hoax: Non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are not anti-inflammatory. Copenhagen: Institute for Scientific Freedom 2022;Nov 10.

43 Perlis R. The time has come for over-the-counter antidepressants. Stat News 2024;April 8.

44 Gøtzsche PC. Critical Psychiatry Textbook. Copenhagen: Institute for Scientific Freedom; 2022. Freely available.

Vitamin D supplementation and incident dementia: Effects of sex, APOE, and baseline cognitive status. Alzheimer’s & Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment & Disease Monitoring 2023, 15:e12404. https://alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/dad2.12404.
Associations Between Age at Menopause, Vascular Risk, and 3-Year Cognitive Change in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging. Neurology 2024, 102:e209298. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38569140.

Systematic characterization of multi-omics landscape between gut microbial metabolites and GPCRome in Alzheimer’s disease. Cell Reports 2024, 43: 5, May 28: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221112472400456X#undfig1.
Microbiota from Alzheimer’s patients induce deficits in cognition and hippocampal neurogenesis. Brain 2023, 146:4916-4934. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awad303. 

VITAMIN D AND RA – Aletta Sorensen

1. Rheumatoid arthritis [Internet]. [cited 2024 Feb 11]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/rheumatoid-arthritis
2. Langarizadeh MA, Tavakoli MR, Abiri A, Ghasempour A, Rezaei M, Ameri A. A review on function and side effects of systemic corticosteroids used in high-grade COVID-19 to prevent cytokine storms. EXCLI J [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2024 Apr 21];20:339. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC7975631/
3. Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) – Bone, Joint, and Muscle Disorders – MSD Manual Consumer Version [Internet]. [cited 2024 Apr 21]. Available from: https://www.msdmanuals.com/home/bone,-joint,-and-muscle-disorders/joint-disorders/rheumatoid-arthritis-ra
4. Costello R, David T, Jani M. Impact of Adverse Events Associated With Medications in the Treatment and Prevention of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Clin Ther [Internet]. 2019 Jul 1 [cited 2024 Feb 11];41(7):1376–96. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31196653/
5. Song GG, Bae SC, Lee YH. Association between vitamin D intake and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis: a meta-analysis. Clin Rheumatol [Internet]. 2012 Dec [cited 2024 Feb 11];31(12):1733–9. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22941259/
6. Ratnani I, Fatima S, Abid MM, Surani Z, Surani S. Evidence-Based Medicine: History, Review, Criticisms, and Pitfalls. Cureus [Internet]. 2023 Feb 21 [cited 2024 Feb 13];15(2). Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36968905/
7. Franco AS, Freitas TQ, Bernardo WM, Pereira RMR. Vitamin D supplementation and disease activity in patients with immune-mediated rheumatic diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) [Internet]. 2017 Jun 1 [cited 2024 Jan 25];96(23). Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28591033/
8. Zeilstra D, Younes JA, Brummer RJ, Kleerebezem M. Perspective: Fundamental Limitations of the Randomized Controlled Trial Method in Nutritional Research: The Example of Probiotics. Adv Nutr [Internet]. 2018 Sep 1 [cited 2024 Feb 13];9(5):561–71. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30124741/
9. Sharma V, Minhas R. Explanatory models are needed to integrate RCT and observational data with the patient’s unique biology. J R Soc Med [Internet]. 2012 [cited 2024 Feb 13];105(1):11–24. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22275494/
10. Howick J, Glasziou P, Aronson JK. Evidence-based mechanistic reasoning [Internet]. Vol. 103, Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. Royal Society of Medicine Press; 2010 [cited 2020 Aug 8]. p. 433–41. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2966890/
11. Ellison DL, Moran HR. Vitamin D: Vitamin or Hormone? Nurs Clin North Am [Internet]. 2021 Mar 1 [cited 2024 Apr 21];56(1):47–57. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33549285/
12. Laird E, Ward M, McSorley E, Strain JJ, Wallace J. Vitamin D and Bone Health; Potential Mechanisms. Nutrients [Internet]. 2010 [cited 2024 Feb 11];2(7):693. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC3257679/
13. Charoenngam N, Holick MF. Immunologic Effects of Vitamin D on Human Health and Disease. Nutrients [Internet]. 2020 Jul 1 [cited 2024 Apr 21];12(7):1–28. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32679784/
14. Dankers W, Davelaar N, Van Hamburg JP, Van De Peppel J, Colin EM, Lubberts E. Human Memory Th17 Cell Populations Change Into Anti-inflammatory Cells With Regulatory Capacity Upon Exposure to Active Vitamin D. Front Immunol [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2024 Jan 17];10(JULY). Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31379807/
15. Dankers W, Colin EM, van Hamburg JP, Lubberts E. Vitamin D in Autoimmunity: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential. Front Immunol [Internet]. 2017 Jan 20 [cited 2024 Apr 21];7(JAN). Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28163705/
16. Feng X, Lv C, Wang F, Gan K, Zhang M, Tan W. Modulatory Effect of 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 on IL1β-Induced RANKL, OPG, TNFα, and IL-6 Expression in Human Rheumatoid Synoviocyte MH7A. Clin Dev Immunol [Internet]. 2013 [cited 2024 Jan 18];2013. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC3855937/
17. Anaparti V, Meng X, Hemshekhar M, Smolik I, Mookherjee N, El-Gabalawy H. Circulating levels of free 25(OH)D increase at the onset of rheumatoid arthritis. PLoS One [Internet]. 2019 Sep 1 [cited 2024 Jan 17];14(9). Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31557191/
18. Antico A, Tampoia M, Tozzoli R, Bizzaro N. Can supplementation with vitamin D reduce the risk or modify the course of autoimmune diseases? A systematic review of the literature. Autoimmun Rev [Internet]. 2012 Dec [cited 2024 Jan 25];12(2):127–36. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22776787/
19. Colin EM, Asmawidjaja PS, Van Hamburg JP, Mus AMC, Van Driel M, Hazes JMW, et al. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 modulates Th17 polarization and interleukin-22 expression by memory T cells from patients with early rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum [Internet]. 2010 Jan [cited 2024 Jan 18];62(1):132–42. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20039421/
20. Zhou L, Wang J, Li J, Li T, Chen Y, June RR, et al. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Ameliorates Collagen-Induced Arthritis via Suppression of Th17 Cells Through miR-124 Mediated Inhibition of IL-6 Signaling. Front Immunol [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2024 Jan 17];10(FEB). Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30792721/
21. Tian R, Li X, Li Y, Wang K, Wang C, Yang P. 1,25(OH)2D3 promotes chondrocyte apoptosis and restores physical function in rheumatoid arthritis through the NF-κB signal pathway. Biomed Pharmacother [Internet]. 2018 Oct 1 [cited 2024 Jan 17];106:149–55. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29957465/
22. Jeffery LE, Henley P, Marium N, Filer A, Sansom DM, Hewison M, et al. Decreased sensitivity to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in T cells from the rheumatoid joint. J Autoimmun [Internet]. 2018 Mar 1 [cited 2024 Jan 17];88:50–60. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29066221/
23. Laragione T, Shah A, Gulko PS. The Vitamin D Receptor Regulates Rheumatoid Arthritis Synovial Fibroblast Invasion and Morphology. Mol Med [Internet]. 2012 Feb [cited 2024 Feb 11];18(1):194. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC3320133/
24. Fan P, He L, Hu N, Luo J, Zhang J, Mo LF, et al. Effect of 1,25-(OH)2D3 on Proliferation of Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes and Expressions of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines through Regulating MicroRNA-22 in a Rat Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Cell Physiol Biochem [Internet]. 2017 Jun 1 [cited 2024 Jan 18];42(1):145–55. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28528333/
25. Inaba M, Yukioka K, Furumitsu Y, Murano M, Goto H, Nishizawa Y, et al. Positive correlation between levels of IL-1 or IL-2 and 1,25(OH)2D/25-OH-D ratio in synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Life Sci [Internet]. 1997 Aug 1 [cited 2024 Jan 18];61(10):977–85. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9296336/
26. Huhtakangas JA, Veijola J, Turunen S, Karjalainen A, Valkealahti M, Nousiainen T, et al. 1,25(OH)2D3 and calcipotriol, its hypocalcemic analog, exert a long-lasting anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative effect in synoviocytes cultured from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol [Internet]. 2017 Oct 1 [cited 2024 Jan 18];173:13–22. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28167299/
27. Gu X, Gu B, Lv X, Yu Z, Wang R, Zhou X, et al. 1, 25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 with tumor necrosis factor-alpha protects against rheumatoid arthritis by promoting p53 acetylation-mediated apoptosis via Sirt1 in synoviocytes. Cell Death Dis [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2024 Jan 17];7(10). Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27763638/
28. Luo J, Wen H, Guo H, Cai Q, Li S, Li X. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 inhibits the RANKL pathway and impacts on the production of pathway-associated cytokines in early rheumatoid arthritis. Biomed Res Int [Internet]. 2013 [cited 2024 Jan 18];2013. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23710436/
29. Hong Q, Xu J, Xu S, Lian L, Zhang M, Ding C. Associations between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and disease activity, inflammatory cytokines and bone loss in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) [Internet]. 2014 Jul 28 [cited 2024 Feb 13];53(11):1–8. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24907153/
30. Lin J, Liu J, Davies ML, Chen W. Serum Vitamin D Level and Rheumatoid Arthritis Disease Activity: Review and Meta-Analysis. PLoS One [Internet]. 2016 Jan 11 [cited 2024 Jan 18];11(1). Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26751969/
31. Takayanagi H, Oda H, Yamamoto S, Kawaguchi H, Tanaka S, Nishikawa T, et al. A new mechanism of bone destruction in rheumatoid arthritis: synovial fibroblasts induce osteoclastogenesis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun [Internet]. 1997 Nov 17 [cited 2024 Jan 18];240(2):279–86. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9388467/
32. Harrison SR, Jutley G, Li D, Sahbudin I, Filer A, Hewison M, et al. Vitamin D and early rheumatoid arthritis. BMC Rheumatol [Internet]. 2020 Jul 27 [cited 2024 Feb 13];4(1). Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32728658/
33. Buondonno I, Rovera G, Sassi F, Rigoni MM, Lomater C, Parisi S, et al. Vitamin D and immunomodulation in early rheumatoid arthritis: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study. PLoS One [Internet]. 2017 Jun 1 [cited 2024 Jan 18];12(6). Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28582403/
34. Lyons RA, Johansen A, Brophy S, Newcombe RG, Phillips CJ, Lervy B, et al. Preventing fractures among older people living in institutional care: a pragmatic randomised double blind placebo controlled trial of vitamin D supplementation. Osteoporos Int [Internet]. 2007 Jun [cited 2024 Jan 25];18(6):811–8. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17473911/
35. Tesmer LA, Lundy SK, Sarkar S, Fox DA. Th17 cells in human disease. Immunol Rev [Internet]. 2008 Jun [cited 2024 Apr 21];223(1):87. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC3299089/
36. Curtis MM, Way SS. Interleukin-17 in host defence against bacterial, mycobacterial and fungal pathogens. Immunology [Internet]. 2009 Feb [cited 2024 Apr 21];126(2):177. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC2632692/
37. Yarwood A, Viatte S, Plant D, Morgan AW, Isaacs J, Wilson AG, et al. Testing the role of vitamin D in response to antitumour necrosis factor α therapy in a UK cohort: a Mendelian randomisation approach. Ann Rheum Dis [Internet]. 2014 [cited 2024 Feb 13];73(5):938–40. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24323394/
38. Chang X, Zhao Y, Pan J, Fang K, Wang Y, Yan X, et al. Vitamin D-binding protein (group-specific component) has decreased expression in rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol [Internet]. 2012 Jul [cited 2024 Feb 13];30(4):525–33. Available from: https://www.clinexprheumatol.org/abstract.asp?a=5268
39. Rozmus D, Ciesielska A, Płomiński J, Grzybowski R, Fiedorowicz E, Kordulewska N, et al. Vitamin D Binding Protein (VDBP) and Its Gene Polymorphisms—The Risk of Malignant Tumors and Other Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020, Vol 21, Page 7822 [Internet]. 2020 Oct 22 [cited 2024 Apr 20];21(21):7822. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/21/7822/htm
40. Bagheri-Hosseinabadi Z, Imani D, Yousefi H, Abbasifard M. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphism and risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA): systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Rheumatol [Internet]. 2020 Dec 1 [cited 2024 Jan 18];39(12):3555–69. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32445089/
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46. Black RJ, Cross M, Haile LM, Culbreth GT, Steinmetz JD, Hagins H, et al. Global, regional, and national burden of rheumatoid arthritis, 1990–2020, and projections to 2050: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet Rheumatol [Internet]. 2023 Oct 1 [cited 2024 Feb 11];5(10):e594–610. Available from: http://www.thelancet.com/article/S2665991323002114/fulltext
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VITAMIN D and CANCER: Dr William Makis

* https://makismd.substack.com.  

The impact of vitamin D on cancer: A mini review. The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 2023, 231:106308. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960076023000638.

Interplay of Vitamin D and SIRT1 in Tissue-Specific Metabolism—Potential Roles in Prevention and Treatment of Non-Communicable Diseases Including Cancer. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2023, 24:6154. https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/7/6154.

Efficacy of vitamin D3 supplementation on cancer mortality: Systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Ageing Research Reviews 2023, 87:101923. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S156816372300082X.

Vitamin D in Cancer Prevention: Gaps in Current Knowledge and Room for Hope. Nutrients 2022, 14:4512. https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/21/4512.

1. TRAUMA AND CONNECTIVE TISSUE – Anne Pemberton
   https://www.nature.com/articles/490169a#:~:text=The longer a woman had,the shorter were her telomeres.
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3. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35018722/
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10. https://drlaurenceheller.com/product/healing-developmental-trauma-how-early-trauma-affects-self-regulation-self-image-and-the-capacity-for-relationship/
11. https://foodforthebrain.org/autismmasterclass/
12. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5964013/
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14. https://www.spectrumnews.org/news/anorexias-link-to-autism-explained/
15. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23981537/
16. https://onyxintegrative.com/solar-plexus-chakra-healing/
17. Staugaard (2012) The Vital Psoas Muscle: Connecting Physical, Emotional, and Spiritual Well-Being
18. https://feldenkrais.com/about-the-feldenkrais-method/
19. Hanna T (2004) Somatics: Reawakening The Mind’s Control Of Movement, Flexibility, And Health
20. Hanna T (2004) Somatics: Reawakening The Mind’s Control Of Movement, Flexibility, And Health
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22. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4556860/#B4
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RESEARCH UPDATE

Prebiotic selection influencing inflammatory bowel disease treatment outcomes: a review of the preclinical and clinical evidence. eGastroenterology 2024, 2:e100055. doi:10.1136/egastro-2023-100055. https://egastroenterology.bmj.com/content/2/2/e100055.

The effects of genetic and modifiable risk factors on brain regions vulnerable to ageing and disease. Nature Communications 2024, 15:2576. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-46344-2.
Cnicin promotes functional nerve regeneration. Phytomedicine, 2024; 155641 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155641. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0944711324003003?via%3Dihub.
A low FODMAP diet plus traditional dietary advice versus a low-carbohydrate diet versus pharmacological treatment in irritable bowel syndrome (CARBIS): a single-centre, single-blind, randomised controlled trial. The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 2024; DOI: 10.1016/S2468-1253(24)00045-1.
Demographic and health characteristics associated with fish and n-3 fatty acid supplement intake during pregnancy: results from pregnancy cohorts in the ECHO programme. Public Health Nutrition 2024, 27:e94. https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/0E01EA1F752824D540A5D28E78CC23E6.
Microbiota metabolism of intestinal amino acids impacts host nutrient homeostasis and physiology. Cell Host & Microbe 2024, Apr 23: https://www.cell.com/cell-host-microbe/abstract/S1931-3128(24)00121-5.

Tocotrienols Prevent the Decline of Learning Ability in High-Fat, High-Sucrose Diet-Fed C57BL/6 Mice. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2024, 25:3561. https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/6/3561

WELCOME

BMA demands inquiry into use of physician associates on medical rotas. BMJ 2024, Mar 18, 384 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.q683.

NEWS

Diet, Pace of Biological Aging, and Risk of Dementia in the Framingham Heart Study. Annals of Neurology 2024: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ana.26900.
MIND diet associated with reduced incidence of Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimers Dement 2015, 11:1007-14. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25681666.
DunedinPACE, a DNA methylation biomarker of the pace of aging. Elife 2022, 11: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8853656.

Menopause 2024. The Lancet: https://www.thelancet.com/series/menopause-2024.

Effectiveness of ginkgo diterpene lactone meglumine on cognitive function in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Open Medicine 2024, 19: https://doi.org/10.1515/med-2024-0908.
Cognitive Impairment After Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke 2023, 54:e272-e291: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37125534.  

Global, regional, and national burden of disorders affecting the nervous system, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet Neurol 2024 (online Mar 14.): https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(24)00038-3.

“Benefits data reveals extent of claims over mental health”. The Times, March 14, 2024: https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/e1535434-396f-4f52-ae05-e4c8eadce6f0.

Cryptic diversity of cellulose-degrading gut bacteria in industrialized humans. Science 2024, 383:eadj9223. https://www.science.org/doi/abs/10.1126/science.adj9223.

Effect of gut microbiome modulation on muscle function and cognition: the PROMOTe randomised controlled trial. Nat Commun 2024, 15:1859.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38424099.

Expert consensus on nutrition and lower-carbohydrate diets: An evidence- and equity-based approach to dietary guidance. Front Nutr 2024, 11:1376098. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10937533.

Interaction of sleep and emotion across the menstrual cycle. Journal of Sleep Research 2024, Feb 12.

(2024). Interaction of sleep and emotion across the menstrual cycle. Journal of Sleep Medicine. Doi: 10.1111/jsr.14185

NIACIN

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2. Park, Y.K.; Sempos, C.T.; Barton, C.N.; Vanderveen, J.E.; Yetley, E.A. Effectiveness of Food Fortification in the United States: The Case of Pellagra. Am J Public Health 2000, 90, 727-738, doi:10.2105/ajph.90.5.727. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10800421
3. Penberthy, W. Todd Niacin Rescues Cannibalistic Hamsters The Historical Significance of 1940s Mandatory Niacin Enrichment 2017. http://orthomolecular.org/resources/omns/v13n09.shtml
4. Cleveland Clinic-Led Study Discovers Link between High Levels of Niacin – a Common B Vitamin – and Heart Disease – Cleveland Clinic Newsroom Available online: https://newsroom.clevelandclinic.org/2024/02/19/cleveland-clinic-led-study-discovers-link-between-high-levels-of-niacin-a-common-b-vitamin-and-heart-disease/(accessed on 21 February 2024).
5. High Levels of Niacin May Increase Heart Disease Risk: What to Know about the B Vitamin Available online: https://www.nbcnews.com/health/heart-health/high-levels-niacin-may-increase-heart-disease-risk-know-b-vitamin-rcna139249(accessed on 21 February 2024).
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7. Creider, J.C.; Hegele, R.A.; Joy, T.R. Niacin: Another Look at an Underutilized Lipid-Lowering Medication. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2012, 8, 517-528, doi:10.1038/nrendo.2012.22. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22349076
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9. Yoshimura, N.; Yamada, K.; Ono, T.; Notoya, M.; Yukioka, H.; Takahashi, R.; Wakino, S.; Kanda, T.; Itoh, H. N-Methyl-2-Pyridone-5-Carboxamide (N-Me-2PY) Has Potent Anti-Fibrotic and Anti-Inflammatory Activity in a Fibrotic Kidney Model: Is It an Old Uremic Toxin? Clin Exp Nephrol 2023, 27, 901-911, doi:10.1007/s10157-023-02379-1. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10157-023-02379-1
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11. Penberthy, W.T. Nicotinic Acid-Mediated Activation of Both Membrane and Nuclear Receptors towards Therapeutic Glucocorticoid Mimetics for Treating Multiple Sclerosis. PPAR Res 2009, 2009, 853707, doi:10.1155/2009/853707. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19461950
12. Taing, K.; Chen, L.; Weng, H.-R. Emerging Roles of GPR109A in Regulation of Neuroinflammation in Neurological Diseases and Pain. Neural Regen Res 2023, 18, 763-768, doi:10.4103/1673-5374.354514. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36204834
13. Stach, K.; Zaddach, F.; Nguyen, X.D.; Elmas, E.; Kralev, S.; Weiss, C.; Borggrefe, M.; Kälsch, T. Effects of Nicotinic Acid on Endothelial Cells and Platelets. Cardiovasc Pathol 2012, 21, 89-95, doi:10.1016/j.carpath.2011.04.002. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21632263
14. Gomaraschi, M.; Ossoli, A.; Adorni, M.P.; Damonte, E.; Niesor, E.; Veglia, F.; Franceschini, G.; Benghozi, R.; Calabresi, L. Fenofibrate and Extended-Release Niacin Improve the Endothelial Protective Effects of HDL in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome. Vascul Pharmacol 2015, 74, 80-86, doi:10.1016/j.vph.2015.06.014. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26133666
15. Digby, J.E.; Martinez, F.; Jefferson, A.; Ruparelia, N.; Chai, J.; Wamil, M.; Greaves, D.R.; Choudhury, R.P. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Nicotinic Acid in Human Monocytes Are Mediated by GPR109A Dependent Mechanisms. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2012, 32, 669-676, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.111.241836. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22267479
16. Ganji, S.H.; Qin, S.; Zhang, L.; Kamanna, V.S.; Kashyap, M.L. Niacin Inhibits Vascular Oxidative Stress, Redox-Sensitive Genes, and Monocyte Adhesion to Human Aortic Endothelial Cells. Atherosclerosis 2009, 202, 68-75, doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2008.04.044. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18550065
17. Motawi, T.K.; Darwish, H.A.; Hamed, M.A.; El-Rigal, N.S.; Naser, A.F.A. A Therapeutic Insight of Niacin and Coenzyme Q10 Against Diabetic Encephalopathy in Rats. Mol Neurobiol 2017, 54, 1601-1611, doi:10.1007/s12035-016-9765-x. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26867655
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34. Marcovina, S.M.; Moriarty, P.M.; Koschinsky, M.L.; Guyton, J.R. JCL Roundtable-Lipoprotein(a): The Emerging Risk Factor. Journal of Clinical Lipidology 2018, 12, 1335-1345, doi:10.1016/j.jacl.2018.11.003. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30527801/
35. FDA Drug Safety Communication: Important Safety Label Changes to Cholesterol-Lowering Statin Drugs | FDA Available online: https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-safety-and-availability/fda-drug-safety-communication-important-safety-label-changes-cholesterol-lowering-statin-drugs(accessed on 7 March 2024).
36. Zigmont, V.A.; Shoben, A.B.; Lu, B.; Kaye, G.L.; Clinton, S.K.; Harris, R.E.; Olivo-Marston, S.E. Statin Users Have an Elevated Risk of Dysglycemia and New-Onset-Diabetes. Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews 2019, 35, e3189, doi:10.1002/dmrr.3189. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/dmrr.3189
37. Sanz-Cuesta, B.E.; Saver, J.L. Lipid-Lowering Therapy and Hemorrhagic Stroke Risk. Stroke 2021, 52, 3142-3150, doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.121.034576. https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/STROKEAHA.121.034576
38. Pirinen, E.; Auranen, M.; Khan, N.A.; Brilhante, V.; Urho, N.; Pessia, A.; Hakkarainen, A.; Kuula, J.; Heinonen, U.; Schmidt, M.S.; et al. Niacin Cures Systemic NAD+ Deficiency and Improves Muscle Performance in Adult-Onset Mitochondrial Myopathy. Cell Metab 2020, 31, 1078-1090.e5, doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2020.04.008. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32386566
39. Li, S.; Wang, J.; Zhang, B.; Li, X.; Liu, Y. Diabetes Mellitus and Cause-Specific Mortality: A Population-Based Study. Diabetes Metab J 2019, 43, 319-341, doi:10.4093/dmj.2018.0060. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31210036/
40. Gasperi, V.; Sibilano, M.; Savini, I.; Catani, M.V. Niacin in the Central Nervous System: An Update of Biological Aspects and Clinical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2019, 20, 974, doi:10.3390/ijms20040974. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30813414/
41. Diamond, D.M.; Ravnskov, U. How Statistical Deception Created the Appearance That Statins Are Safe and Effective in Primary and Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2015, 8, 201-210, doi:10.1586/17512433.2015.1012494. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272189007_How_statistical_deception_created_the_appearance_that_statins_are_safe_and_effective_in_primary_and_secondary_prevention_of_cardiovascular_disease
42. Hoffer, A. Adventures in Psychiatry: The Scientific Memoirs of Dr. Abram Hoffer; KOS Publishing: Caledon, Ont., 2005; ISBN 978-0-9731945-6-2.
43. Hoffer, A.; Prousky, J. Successful Treatment of Schizophrenia Requires Optimal Daily Doses of Vitamin B3. Altern Med Rev 2008, 13, 287-291. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19238764
44. Schizophrenia Is Chronic Encephalitis…and Niacin Cures It Available online: https://www.tomlevymd.com/articles/omns20231012/Schizophrenia-Is-Chronic-Encephalitis…and-Niacin-Cures-It(accessed on 21 February 2024).
45. Penberthy, W.T.; Tsunoda, I. The Importance of NAD in Multiple Sclerosis. Curr. Pharm. Des. 2009, 15, 64-99, doi:10.2174/138161209787185751. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19149604
46. Wuerch, E.; Urgoiti, G.R.; Yong, V.W. The Promise of Niacin in Neurology. Neurotherapeutics 2023, 20, 1037-1054, doi:10.1007/s13311-023-01376-2. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37084148
47. Sarkar, S.; Yang, R.; Mirzaei, R.; Rawji, K.; Poon, C.; Mishra, M.K.; Zemp, F.J.; Bose, P.; Kelly, J.; Dunn, J.F.; et al. Control of Brain Tumor Growth by Reactivating Myeloid Cells with Niacin. Sci Transl Med 2020, 12, eaay9924, doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.aay9924. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32238578
48. Niacin-Mediated Rejuvenation of Macrophage/Microglia Enhances Remyelination of the Aging Central Nervous System – PubMed Available online: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32030468/(accessed on 22 May 2022).
49. High-Dose Niacin Is a Promising Treatment for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Available online: https://researchfeatures.com/high-dose-niacin-promising-treatment-non-alcoholic-fatty-liver-disease/(accessed on 22 February 2024).
50. Jonathan Niacin, Coronary Disease and Longevity Available online: https://isom.ca/article/niacin-coronary-disease-longevity/(accessed on 22 February 2024).
51. Mocchegiani, E.; Malavolta, M.; Muti, E.; Costarelli, L.; Cipriano, C.; Piacenza, F.; Tesei, S.; Giacconi, R.; Lattanzio, F. Zinc, Metallothioneins and Longevity: Interrelationships with Niacin and Selenium. Curr Pharm Des 2008, 14, 2719-2732, doi:10.2174/138161208786264188. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18991691
52. Xiang, S.; Li, Y.; Li, Y.; Zhang, J.; Pan, W.; Lu, Y.; Liu, S. Increased Dietary Niacin Intake Improves Muscle Strength, Quality, and Glucose Homeostasis in Adults over 40 Years of Age. J Nutr Health Aging 2023, 27, 709-718, doi:10.1007/s12603-023-1967-0. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37754210
53. Ganji, S.; Kamanna, S.; Kamanna, V.S.; Kashyap, M.L. Niacin Increases Human Aortic Endothelial Sirt1 Activity and Nitric Oxide: Effect on Endothelial Function and Vascular Aging. Am J Transl Res 2023, 15, 6771-6778. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38186996
54. Penberthy, W. Todd; Kristian B. Axelsen Table of NAD-Utilizing Enzymes 2022. https://www.cmescribe.com/vitamin-dependent-gene-databases
55. Carlson, L.A. Nicotinic Acid: The Broad-Spectrum Lipid Drug. A 50th Anniversary Review. J Intern Med 2005, 258, 94-114, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2796.2005.01528.x. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16018787
56. Pan, J.; Zhou, Y.; Pang, N.; Yang, L. Dietary Niacin Intake and Mortality Among Individuals With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. JAMA Netw Open 2024, 7, e2354277, doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.54277. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2814504
57. Dietary Niacin Supplementation May Reduce Mortality Risk in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease – Physician’s Weekly Available online: https://www.physiciansweekly.com/dietary-niacin-supplementation-may-reduce-mortality-risk-in-patients-with-non-alcoholic-fatty-liver-disease/(accessed on 4 March 2024).
58. Dr Abram Hoffer MD – Niacin Safety Pt1, No Danger (From Nicotinic Acid) But Must Warn About Flush; 2017; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UPfFAn7RSBg
59. Messamore, E. The Niacin Response Biomarker as a Schizophrenia Endophenotype: A Status Update. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2018, 136, 95-97, doi:10.1016/j.plefa.2017.06.014. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28688777
60. Orthomolecular Medicine for Everyone: Megavitamin Therapeutics for Families and Physicians : Hoffer, M.D. Ph.D. Abram, Saul, Andrew W: Amazon.Com.Au: Books Available online: https://www.amazon.com.au/Orthomolecular-Medicine-Everyone-Megavitamin-Therapeutics/dp/1681627620(accessed on 22 February 2024).
61. Pieper, J.A. Understanding Niacin Formulations. Am J Manag Care 2002, 8, S308-314. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12240702.

ALLERGY and INTOLERANCE

Association between gut microbiota development and allergy in infants born during pandemic-related social distancing restrictions. Allergy 2024, Feb 29, https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/all.16069. 

When It’s Not Allergic Rhinitis: Clinical Signs to Raise a Patient’s Suspicion for Chronic Rhinosinusitis. Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 2024, https://aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ohn.646.

Butyrate, Valerate, and Niacin Ameliorate Anaphylaxis by Suppressing IgE-Dependent Mast Cell Activation: Roles of GPR109A, PGE2, and Epigenetic Regulation. Journal of Immunology 2024, 212:771-784. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.2300188.

Adverse Food Reactions in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: State of the Art and Future Perspectives. Nutrients 2024, 16:351. https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/16/3/351.

UTIs – BEVERLEY STARSTEDT

US stats: https://liveutifree.com.

“New awareness campaign to help reduce hospital admissions for urinary tract infections”,  12 October 2023: https://www.england.nhs.uk/2023/10/new-awareness-campaign-to-help-reduce-hospital-admissions-for-urinary-tract-infections.

Epidemiology and microbiology of recurrent UTI in women in the community in Oxfordshire, UK. JAC Antimicrob Resist 2024, 6:dlad156. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10781434.

Testing:
MicroGen website https://microgendx.com.
MicroGen testing in the UK: https://regeneruslabs.com/collections/microgendx.

“Ruth Kriz is a nurse practitioner…” https://liveutifree.com/ruth-kriz/#biofilmsandcuti.

Fibrinogen, Fibrin, and Fibrin Degradation Products in COVID-19. Curr Drug Targets 2022, 23:1593-1602. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10316333.

RESEARCH UPDATE
Serrapeptase impairs biofilm, wall, and phospho-homeostasis of resistant and susceptible Staphylococcus aureus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023, 107:1373-1389. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9898353.
Nattokinase on surgical tools: CHEM040 – Determining Nattokinase Biofilm Dispersion Pathway. https://projectboard.world/isef/project/chem040—determining-nattokinase-biofilm-dispersion-pathway.  Novel Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus Device-Related Infections Using Fibrinolytic Agents. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018, 62: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5786758.
Bacillus subtilis natto Derivatives Inhibit Enterococcal Biofilm Formation via Restructuring of the Cell Envelope. Front Microbiol 2021, 12:785351. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8695906.
Potentiation and Mechanism of Berberine as an Antibiotic Adjuvant Against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria. Infect Drug Resist 2023, 16:7313-7326. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38023403.
The potential of lumbrokinase and serratiopeptidase for the degradation of Aβ 1-42 peptide – an in vitro and in silico approach. Int J Neurosci 2024, 134:112-123. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35694981.

Introduction to the Special Section on Innovations in Trauma-Informed Health Care. The Permanente Journal 2024, 28:88-90. https://www.thepermanentejournal.org/doi/abs/10.7812/TPP/23.140.

Epilepsy in dogs: Sarah Rosendahl, DVM, defended the doctoral dissertation entitled “Trace Elements and Toxic Metals in Canine Idiopathic Epilepsy” in the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, on 9 February 2024.
The dissertation has been published in the series Dissertationes Universitatis Helsingiensis and is archived online at https://helda.helsinki.fi/items/6ec5ebf4-f83d-41c7-99ec-075f6fb9a985.

An open trial of biofeedback for long COVID. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 2024, 179, 11625:3999. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2024.111625.

Gut bacteria–derived serotonin promotes immune tolerance in early life. Science Immunology 2024, Mar 15, 9: eadj4775. https://www.science.org/doi/abs/10.1126/sciimmunol.adj4775.

Long-Term Effect of Randomization to Calcium and Vitamin D Supplementation on Health in Older Women : Postintervention Follow-up of a Randomized Clinical Trial. Ann Intern Med 2024, Mar 12: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38467003.

Prolonged Gastrointestinal Manifestations After Recovery From COVID-19. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023, (in Press), S1542-3565(23)00947-3: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37995983.

Genome-Wide Gene-Environment Interaction Analyses to Understand the Relationship between Red Meat and Processed Meat Intake and Colorectal Cancer Risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024, 33:400-410. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38112776.

Circadian Mechanisms in Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease. Circ Res 2024, 134:615-617. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38484030.

The impact of gut microbiota changes on the intestinal mucus barrier in burned mice: a study using 16S rRNA and metagenomic sequencing. Burns & Trauma 2023, 11: https://doi.org/10.1093/burnst/tkad056.

Dopamine receptor D2 confers colonization resistance via microbial metabolites. Nature 2024, Mar 13: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07179-5.

Intestinal Bacteroides modulates inflammation, systemic cytokines, and microbial ecology via propionate in a mouse model of cystic fibrosis. mBio 2024, 15 (2) DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03144-23.

CFTR is required for zinc-mediated antibacterial defense in human macrophages. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024, 121:e2315190121. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38363865

Age-related ciliopathy: Obesogenic shortening of melanocortin-4 receptor-bearing neuronal primary cilia. Cell Metabolism 2024, Mar 6. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1550413124000561.

CASE STUDIES
Case series: raw, whole, plant-based nutrition protocol rapidly reverses symptoms in three women with systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjӧgren’s syndrome. Front Nutr 2024,11:1208074. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2024.1208074/full.

Dr Brooke Goldner: https://www.goodbyelupus.com.

Lupus UK: https://lupusuk.org.uk/medical/nurses-guide/what-is-lupus.

WELCOME
Dose dependence of prenatal fluoride exposure associations with cognitive performance at school age in three prospective studies. European Journal of Public Health 2023, 34:143-149. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckad170.

Abatacept in individuals at high risk of rheumatoid arthritis (APIPPRA): a randomised, double-blind, multicentre, parallel, placebo-controlled, phase 2b clinical trial. Lancet 2024, Feb 13:S0140-6736(23)02649-1. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38364839.

US Health System Ranks Last Among High-Income Countries. JAMA 2021;326(11):999. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34546292.

“100 vaccines before age 18”: https://childrenshealthdefense.org/about-us/100-vaccines-before-age-18.

NHS vaccine schedule (total quoted includes one a year flu shots from 2-15): https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/vaccinations/nhs-vaccinations-and-when-to-have-them.

NEWS
A terminal metabolite of niacin promotes vascular inflammation and contributes to cardiovascular disease risk. Nature Medicine 2024, 30:424-434. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-023-02793-8.

Immunological Patient Stratification in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Journal of Clinical Medicine  2024; 13 (1): 275. https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/1/275.

Alpha-santalol, a derivative of sandalwood oil prevents development of prostate cancer in TRAMP mice. Phytomedicine Plus 2024, 4 (1): 100523.  https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667031324000010?via%3Dihub.

The modulatory effect of prebiotic inulin-type fructans on the microbiome profile of children with inflammatory bowel disease: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases 2024, 30:S10-S10. https://doi.org/10.1093/ibd/izae020.023.

Identification of inulin-responsive bacteria in the gut microbiota via multi-modal activity-based sorting. Nature Communications 2023, 14:8210. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-43448-z. 

Fasting-mimicking diet causes hepatic and blood markers changes indicating reduced biological age and disease risk. Nature Communications 2024, 15:1309. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-45260-9.
A Periodic Diet that Mimics Fasting Promotes Multi-System Regeneration, Enhanced Cognitive Performance, and Healthspan. Cell Metab 2015, 22:86-99. https://www.cell.com/cell-metabolism/fulltext/S1550-4131(15)00224-7.
Fasting mimicking diet as an adjunct to neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer in the multicentre randomized phase 2 DIRECT trial. Nat Commun 2020, 11:3083. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7311547.
 Fasting-mimicking diet cycles reduce neuroinflammation to attenuate cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s models. Cell Rep 2022, 40:111417. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36170815.
Fasting-mimicking diet and markers/risk factors for aging, diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular disease. Sci Transl Med 2017, 9. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28202779.

Stem cell mTOR signaling directs region-specific cell fate decisions during intestinal nutrient adaptation. Science Advances, 2024; 10 (6) DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi2671.

AGA Clinical Practice Guideline on Fecal Microbiota-Based Therapies for Select Gastrointestinal Diseases. Gastroenterology 2024, 166:409-434. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38395525.

Newest updates to health providers on the hazards of ultra-processed foods and proposed solutions. The American Journal of Medicine 2024; DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2024.02.001.

Blood–brain barrier disruption and sustained systemic inflammation in individuals with long COVID-associated cognitive impairment. Nature Neuroscience 2024. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-024-01576-9.

INFLAMMATION
 Mitochondrial DNA replication stress triggers a pro-inflammatory endosomal pathway of nucleoid disposal. Nature Cell Biology, 2024; DOI: 10.1038/s41556-023-01343-1.
Telomere-to-mitochondria signalling by ZBP1 mediates replicative crisis. Nature 2023, 614, 767–773: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-05710-8.
Autophagic cell death restricts chromosomal instability during replicative crisis. Nature 2019, 565, 659–663: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-0885-0.

Ultra-processed and fast food consumption, exposure to phthalates during pregnancy, and socioeconomic disparities in phthalate exposures. Environment International 2024; 183: 108427.  DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108427.

Multi-omics analysis reveals the associations between altered gut microbiota, metabolites, and cytokines during pregnancy. mSystems, 2024. DOI: 10.1128/msystems.01252-23.

Arachidonic acid inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome is a mechanism to explain the anti-inflammatory effects of fasting. Cell Reports 2024; 43 (2): 113700. DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113700.

Efficacy of Indigo Naturalis Therapy for Ulcerative Colitis: A Case Series. Intern Med 2019, 58:2299-2304. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6746630.

Protective role of saffron to reduce inflammation and improve clinical manifestations in ulcerative colitis patients. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases 2024, 30:S00-S00. https://doi.org/10.1093/ibd/izae020.021.

Viral afterlife: SARS-CoV-2 as a reservoir of immunomimetic peptides that reassemble into proinflammatory supramolecular complexes. PNAS 2024, 121 (6) e2300644120: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.230064412.

Antioxidant Enzyme Therapeutic for COVID-19. Advanced Materials 2020, 32:2004901. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/adma.202004901. 

Dr CHANDLER MARRS
1. “Concurrent Training for the Powerlifter, Part 2: Physiology & Application”, by Cody Haun and Brandon Roberts,  https://www.strongerbyscience.com/concurrent-training-part-2.
2. Effects of skeletal muscle energy availability on protein turnover responses to exercise. J Exp Biol 2016, 219:214-225. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26792333.
3. Using molecular biology to maximize concurrent training. Sports Med 2014, 44 Suppl 2:S117-125. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4213370.
4. A theoretical study on the amount of ATP required for synthesis of microbial cell material. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 1973, 39:545-565. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02578899.
5. “Mitochondrial Energy, Not Genetics, Underlies Health and Disease”, by Chandler Marrs, PhD, Nov 10, 2022: https://www.hormonesmatter.com/mitochondria-energy-not-genetics-underlies-health-disease.
6. “Listening to Patients – a New Opportunity for Medical Science”, by by Chandler Marrs, PhD, August 10, 2015: https://www.hormonesmatter.com/listening-to-patients-a-new-opportunity-for-medical-science.
7. Dietary protein for athletes: from requirements to optimum adaptation. J Sports Sci 2011, 29 Suppl 1: S29-38. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22150425.
8. Nutritional interventions for cancer-induced cachexia. Curr Probl Cancer 2011, 35:58-90. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3106221.
9. Frailty and sarcopenia: The potential role of an aged immune system. Ageing Research Reviews 2017, 36:1-10. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1568163716302719.
10. Mechanical Signaling in the Pathophysiology of Critical Illness Myopathy. Frontiers in Physiology 2016, 7: https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/physiology/articles/10.3389/fphys.2016.00023.
11. Resistance exercise and nutrition to counteract muscle wasting. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2009, 34:817-828. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19935843.
12. “The Brain Needs Protein, Say What?” By Chandler Marrs, PhD, August 22, 2023: https://www.hormonesmatter.com/brain-needs-protein-say-what.

 Case report

1. Thiamine and diabetes: back to the future? Acta Diabetol 2021, 58:1433-1439. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8505293.
2. High-dose thiamine supplementation improves glucose tolerance in hyperglycemic individuals: a randomized, double-blind cross-over trial. Eur J Nutr 2013, 52:1821-1824. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23715873.
   3. Dysfunctional mitochondria as critical players in the inflammation of autoimmune diseases: Potential role in Sjögren’s syndrome. Autoimmunity Reviews 2021, 20:102867. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1568997221001397.
   4. Mitochondria, endothelial cell function, and vascular diseases. Frontiers in Physiology 2014, 5. https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/physiology/articles/10.3389/fphys.2014.00175.

Huntington disease oligodendrocyte maturation deficits revealed by single-nucleus RNAseq are rescued by thiamine-biotin supplementation. Nature Communications 2022, 13:7791. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-35388-x.

RESEARCH UPDATE
Defining “low-carb” in the scientific literature: A scoping review of clinical studies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-10. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38189653.

Arachidonic acid: Physiological roles and potential health benefits – A review. J Adv Res 2018, 11:33-41. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6052655.

Sex Differences in Association of Physical Activity With All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality. Journal of the American College of Cardiology  2024; 83 (8): 783 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.12.019.
The associations between digit ratio (2D:4D and right – left 2D:4D), maximal oxygen consumption and ventilatory thresholds in professional male football players. American Journal of Human Biology 2024, doi: 10.1002/ajhb.24047.
A dairy-based protein-rich breakfast enhances satiety and cognitive concentration before lunch in young females with overweight to obesity: A randomized controlled cross-over study. Journal of Dairy Science 2023: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030223020143.
Type 2 diabetes impairs annulus fibrosus fiber deformation and rotation under disc compression in the University of California Davis type 2 diabetes mellitus (UCD-T2DM) rat model. PNAS Nexus 2023; 2 (12). https://academic.oup.com/pnasnexus/article/2/12/pgad363/7342234.
Type 2–polarized memory B cells hold allergen-specific IgE memory. Science Translational Medicine 2024; 16 (733). https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/scitranslmed.adi0944.
Frailty before and during austerity: A time series analysis of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing 2002–2018. PLOS ONE, 2024; 19 (2): e0296014. https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0296014.

WELCOME/editor’s note

1. Elevated genetic risk for multiple sclerosis emerged in steppe pastoralist populations. Nature 2024, 625 (7994): 321. DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06618-z.
   2. Applying an evolutionary mismatch framework to understand disease susceptibility. PLoS Biol 2023, Sept 11, 21:e3002311. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37695771.
   3. Influence of a 10-Day Mimic of Our Ancient Lifestyle on Anthropometrics and Parameters of Metabolism and Inflammation: The “Study of Origin”. Biomed Res Int 2016, 2016:6935123. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4913061.

NEWS

Effect of multivitamin-mineral supplementation versus placebo on cognitive function: results from the clinic subcohort of the COcoa Supplement and Multivitamin Outcomes Study (COSMOS) randomized clinical trial and meta-analysis of 3 cognitive studies with.  American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2024. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.12.011.

Oral nitrate supplementation improves cardiovascular risk markers in COPD: ON-BC a randomised controlled trial. European Respiratory Journal 2023: 2202353. http://erj.ersjournals.com/content/early/2024/01/08/13993003.02353-2022.abstract.

Influence of Seasonality and Public-Health Interventions on the COVID-19 Pandemic in Northern Europe. Journal of Clinical Medicine 2024, 13(2), 334: https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13020334.

Ketogenic diet therapy for pediatric epilepsy is associated with alterations in the human gut microbiome that confer seizure resistance in mice. Cell Rep 2023, 42:113521. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38070135.  

Cancer statistics, 2024. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians 2024, 74:12-49. https://acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.3322/caac.21820. Estimated numbers of new cancer cases and deaths for this year are from Cancer Statistics, 2024, published in the American Cancer Society’s flagship journal CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, in its consumer-friendly companion report, Cancer Facts & Figures 2024, and on the interactive website, the Cancer Statistics Center.

Semen microbiota are dramatically altered in men with abnormal sperm parameters. Scientific Reports, 2024; 14 (1) DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51686-4.

Dietary protein intake in midlife in relation to healthy aging – results from the prospective Nurses’ Health Study cohort. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2024, online Jan 17: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.11.010.

NEWS extra
Global incidence and mortality of severe fungal disease. Lancet Infect Dis 2024, Jan 12: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38224705.  

“NHS doesn’t recommend vitamin A”: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/measles.

CDC recommendations: https://www.cdc.gov/measles/hcp/index.html.

Vitamin A deficiency extremely rare: “Vitamin A: migrant health guide”: https://www.gov.uk/guidance/vitamin-a-deficiency-migrant-health-guide.

Cochrane summary: “Vitamin A reduces the risk of death from measles by 87% for children younger than 2 years”. https://methods.cochrane.org/equity/vitamin-measles.

BRAIN HEALTH
“Scientists discover there’s FIVE types of Alzheimer’s and are hopeful breakthrough could lead to cure”, Daily Mail,  January 9: https://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-12941981/Scientists-discover-theres-FIVE-types-Alzheimers-hopeful-breakthrough-lead-cure.html.

Metabolic profiling distinguishes three subtypes of Alzheimer’s disease. Aging (Albany NY) 2015, 7:595-600: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4586104.

Reversal of cognitive decline: A novel therapeutic program. Aging (Albany NY) 2014;6:707–17. doi: 10.18632/aging.100690: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25324467.

Reversal of cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease. Aging (Albany NY) 2016, 8:1250-1258:  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4931830/#R3.

NUTRIENTS and the BRAIN

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INOSITOL – Dr Jolene Brighten

1. The impact of myo-inositol supplementation on sleep quality in pregnant women: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2022.
2. Effects of inositol on glucose homeostasis: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clin Nutr. 2019.
3. Effect of dietary myo-inositol supplementation on the insulin resistance and the prevention of gestational diabetes mellitus: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2020.
4. Myo-inositol for insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, polycystic ovary syndrome and gestational diabetes. Open Heart 2022, 9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8896029.
5. Inositol supplement improves clinical pregnancy rate in infertile women undergoing ovulation induction for ICSI or IVF-ET. Medicine (Baltimore). 2017.
6. The 40:1 myo-inositol/D-chiro-inositol plasma ratio is able to restore ovulation in PCOS patients: comparison with other ratios. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2019.
7. Effects of three treatment modalities (diet, myoinositol or myoinositol associated with D-chiro-inositol) on clinical and body composition outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2019.
8. Short-term effects of metformin and myo-inositol in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS): a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2019.
9. Inositol supplementation and body mass index: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Obes Sci Pract. 2021.
10. Controlled trials of inositol in psychiatry. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 1997.
11. Inositols in PCOS. Molecules. 2020.
12. Effects of d-chiro-inositol in lean women with the polycystic ovary syndrome. Endocr Pract. 2002.
13. Inositol and In Vitro Fertilization with Embryo Transfer [published correction appears in Int J Endocrinol. 2019 Apr 11;2019:8309405]. Int J Endocrinol. 2017.
14. The effect of myoinositol supplementation on insulin resistance in patients with gestational diabetes. Diabet Med. 2011.
15. Inositol is an effective and safe treatment in polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology 2023, 21:10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12958-023-01055-z.
16. The Role of Inositol in Thyroid Physiology and in Subclinical Hypothyroidism Management. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021, 12:662582. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34040582.
17. Effects of myo-inositol supplementation in postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome: a perspective, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Menopause 2011, 18:102-104. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20811299.
18. A meta-analysis of inositol for depression and anxiety disorders. Hum Psychopharmacol 2014, 29:55-63. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24424706.
19. Antenatal dietary supplementation with myo-inositol for preventing gestational diabetes. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2023, 2:Cd011507. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36790138.
20. Inositol Nutritional Supplementation for the Prevention of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Nutrients 2022, 14. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35889788.
21. One-year effects of myo-inositol supplementation in postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome. Climacteric 2012, 15:490-495. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22192068.
22. Inositols in Midlife. J Midlife Health 2018, 9:36-38. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5879846.
23. Inositols and metabolic disorders: From farm to bedside. J Tradit Complement Med 2020, 10:252-259. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7340869.
24. Effects of Inositol(s) in Women with PCOS: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. Int J Endocrinol 2016, 2016:1849162. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5097808.
25. Impact of myo-inositol treatment in women with polycystic ovary syndrome in assisted reproductive technologies. Reproductive Health 2021, 18:13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-021-01073-3.
26. Controlled trials of inositol in psychiatry. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 1997, 7:147-155. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9169302.
27. Inositol supplement improves clinical pregnancy rate in infertile women undergoing ovulation induction for ICSI or IVF-ET. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017, 96:e8842. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29245250.

RESEARCH UPDATE
Elevated genetic risk for multiple sclerosis emerged in steppe pastoralist populations. Nature 2024, 625 (7994): 321. DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06618-z.

Future cardiometabolic implications of insulin hypersecretion in response to oral glucose: a prospective cohort study. eClinicalMedicine 2023, Dec 13: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102363.

OXR1 maintains the retromer to delay brain ageing under dietary restriction. Nature Communications, 2024; 15 (1) DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44343-3.

Persistent complement dysregulation with signs of thromboinflammation in active Long COVID. Science 2024; 383 (6680):  https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adg7942.

Immune complement and coagulation dysfunction in adverse outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nature Medicine, 2020; DOI: 10.1038/s41591-020-1021-2.

Metagenomic analysis of Mesolithic chewed pitch reveals poor oral health among stone age individuals. Scientific Reports, 2024; 13 (1) DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48762-6

A Creative Arts Therapy and Nutrition Education Approach for Postmenopausal Women. Art Therapy 2023: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07421656.2023.2267987.

FTY720 requires vitamin B(12)-TCN2-CD320 signaling in astrocytes to reduce disease in an animal model of multiple sclerosis. Cell Rep 2023, 42:113545: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38064339.  

Multiple generation distinct toxicant exposures induce epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of enhanced pathology and obesity. Environmental Epigenetics 2023, 9: https://doi.org/10.1093/eep/dvad006.

Ecological study estimating melanoma overdiagnosis in the USA using the lifetime risk method. BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine 2024, bmjebm-2023-112460. https://ebm.bmj.com/content/ebmed/early/2024/01/18/bmjebm-2023-112460.full.pdf.

Sterner Isaksson S, Ólafsdóttir AF, Ivarsson S, The effect of carbohydrate intake on glycaemic control in individuals with type 1 diabetes: a randomised, open-label, crossover trial. The Lancet Regional Health – Europe 2023:100799. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666776223002181.

WELCOME
https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/eat-well/how-to-eat-a-balanced-diet/eight-tips-for-healthy-eating.
https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/healthy-eating-plate.

https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/healthy-diet.

NEWS

Maternal B-vitamin and vitamin D status before, during, and after pregnancy and the influence of supplementation preconception and during pregnancy: Prespecified secondary analysis of the NiPPeR double-blind randomized controlled trial. PLoS Med 2023 Dec 5;20(12):e1004260. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10697591.

Inflammatory bowel disease patients in the ambulatory setting commonly screen positive for malnutrition. Gastro Hep Advances 2023, Nov 20: https://www.ghadvances.org/article/S2772-5723(23)00182-6/fulltext.

The effects of prenatal and postnatal high-dose vitamin B12 supplementation on human milk vitamin B12: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in Tanzania.  Am J Clin Nutr 2023; https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0002916523660708?via%3Dihub.

“Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome in Adults: United States, 2021–2022”: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/databriefs/db488.htm#Summary.

A drug-like molecule engages nuclear hormone receptor DAF-12/FXR to regulate mitophagy and extend lifespan. Nat Aging 2023,  https://www.nature.com/articles/s43587-023-00524-9.

Artificial Intelligence vs Clinician Performance in Estimating Probabilities of Diagnoses Before and After Testing. JAMA Network Open 2023, 6:e2347075-e2347075. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.47075.

OPINION – Dr GEORGIA EDE

“New UN report links processed meats to cancer in humans; red meat also likely to cause the disease”: https://news.un.org/en/story/2015/10/513662.

EAT-Lancet Commission Summary Report: https://eatforum.org/eat-lancet-commission/eat-lancet-commission-summary-report.

Dietary intakes of berries and flavonoids in relation to cognitive decline. Ann Neurol. 2012;72(1):135-143. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3582325.

David Shaw: “Making a pig’s breakfast of research reporting”, May 14, 2019, J Medical Ethics. https://blogs.bmj.com/medical-ethics/2019/05/14/making-a-pigs-breakfast-of-research-reporting.

Relative risk versus absolute risk: one cannot be interpreted without the other. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2017, 32:ii13-ii18. https://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfw465.

“EAT-Lancet’s Plant-Based Planet: 10 Things You Need to Know”,  y Dr Georgia Ede, MD, Jan 19 2019: https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/diagnosis-diet/201901/eat-lancets-plant-based-planet-10-things-you-need-know.

Suggested readings and resources:
Stanford Professor John Ioannidis’ 2018 critique of epidemiology published in JAMA: “The Challenge of Reforming Nutritional Epidemiologic Research”

University of Colorado Professor James O. Hill’s 2018 critique of epidemiology published in Frontiers in Nutrition: “The Failure to Measure Dietary Intake Engendered a Fictional Discourse on Diet-Disease Relations“

Science journalist Gary Taubes’ classic 1995 piece in Science: “Epidemiology Faces its Limits“

Humorist and filmmaker Tom Naughton’s thoroughly entertaining (and educational!) 2011 video presentation about epidemiology for the general public: “Science for Smart People“

“What evidence can we trust?“

with Dr. John Schoonbee, Dr. Zoe Harcombe, Prof. Walter Willett, Dr. Aseem Malhotra, Gary Taubes, and Prof. Rita Redberg.

Complete collection of video presentations from the 2018 Swiss Re/BMJ conference Food for Thought: The Science and Politics of Nutrition

Additional articles and videos I’ve created on this topic:

“Brainwashed: The Mainstreaming of Nutritional Mythology“

“Latest Low-Carb Study All Politics, No Science“

“WHO Says Meat Causes Cancer?” blog post and video presentation

“EAT-Lancet’s Plant-Based Planet: 10 Things You Need to Know“

“EAT-Lancet’s Plant-Based Planet: Food in the (Mis)Anthropocene“

MEN’S HEALTH
Muscle-Derived Cytokines Reduce Growth, Viability and Migratory Activity of Pancreatic Cancer Cells. Cancers 2021, 13,15 3820: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8345221.
Effects of whole-body electromyostimulation combined with individualized nutritional support on body composition in patients with advanced cancer: a controlled pilot trial. BMC Cancer 2018, 18:886. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30208857.

Influence of Diet and Nutrition on Prostate Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020, 21: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32093338.  

A New Perspective of Prostate Cancer Biology through the Gut Microbiome. Cancers (Basel) 2023, 15: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36900168.

GUT HEALTH update

Cecal microbiota and mammary gland microRNA signatures are related and modifiable by dietary flaxseed with implications for breast cancer risk. Microbiol Spectr 2023: e0229023. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38059614.
Toxicity of cadmium on dynamic human gut microbiome cultures and the protective effect of cadmium-tolerant bacteria autochthonous to the gut. Chemosphere 2023, 338:139581. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0045653523018489.
A key genetic factor governing arabinan utilization in the gut microbiome alleviates constipation. Cell Host & Microbe 2023, Nov 21: https://www.cell.com/cell-host-microbe/fulltext/S1931-3128(23)00415-8.

1,8-cineole ameliorates colon injury by downregulating macrophage M1 polarization via inhibiting the HSP90-NLRP3-SGT1 complex. Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2023, 13:984-998. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095177923001284.
Ginsenoside Rk2, a dehydroprotopanaxadiol saponin, alleviates alcoholic liver disease via regulating NLRP3 and NLRP6 inflammasome signaling pathways in mice. Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2023, 13:999-1012. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S209517792300093X.
Gut microbiota-based pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic study and molecular mechanism of specnuezhenide in the treatment of colorectal cancer targeting carboxylesterase. Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2023, 13:1024-1040. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095177923001247.

Modulating a prebiotic food source influences inflammation and immune-regulating gut microbes and metabolites: insights from the BE GONE trial. eBioMedicine 2023, Nov 30: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/ebiom/article/PIIS2352-3964(23)00439-5/fulltext.
Lactobacillus from the Altered Schaedler Flora maintain IFNγ homeostasis to promote behavioral stress resilience. Brain, Behavior and Immunity 2024, Jan, 115, 458-469: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0889159123003343?via%3Dihub.
Metagenomics of the Gut Microbiome in Parkinson’s Disease: Prodromal Changes. Ann Neurol 2023, 94:486-501. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37314861.

FEED the BRAIN – PATRICK HOLFORD

1. https://www.politico.eu/sponsored-content/global-data-is-key-to-tackling-the-rise-in-brain-health-conditions/
2. Crawford M, Marsh, D ‘The Shrinking Brain’ 2023
3. Sala-Vila, A.; Tintle, N.; Westra, J.; Harris, W.S. Plasma Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Risk for Incident Dementia in the UK Biobank Study: A Closer Look. Nutrients 2023, 15,4896. https://doi.org/10.3390/ nu1523489
4. Sala-Vila, A.; Satizabal, C.L.; Tintle, N.; Melo van Lent, D.; Vasan, R.S.; Beiser, A.S.; Seshadri, S.; Harris, W.S. Red Blood Cell DHA Is Inversely Associated with Risk of Incident Alzheimer’s Disease and All-Cause Dementia: Framingham Offspring Study. Nutrients 2022, 14, 2408. https://doi.org/10.3390/ nu14122408
5. Wei BZ, Li L, Dong CW, Tan CC; Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative; Xu W. The Relationship of Omega-3 Fatty Acids with Dementia and Cognitive Decline: Evidence from Prospective Cohort Studies of Supplementation, Dietary Intake, and Blood Markers. Am J Clin Nutr. 2023
6. Loong, S.; Barnes, S.; Gatto, N.M.; Chowdhury, S.; Lee, G.J. Omega-3 Fatty Acids, Cognition, and Brain Volume in Older Adults. Brain Sci.2023,13,1278. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/brainsci13091278
7. Ghahremani M et al. Vitamin D supplementation and incident dementia: Effects of sex, APOE, and baseline cognitive status. Alzheimers Dement (Amst). 2023 Mar 1;15(1):e12404. doi: 10.1002/dad2.12404. PMID: 36874594; PMCID: PMC9976297. 
8. Płudowski P et al Guidelines for Preventing and Treating Vitamin D Deficiency: A 2023 Update in Poland. Nutrients. 2023 Jan 30;15(3):695. doi: 10.3390/nu15030695. PMID: 36771403; PMCID: PMC9920487.

   Jia J et al. Effects of vitamin D supplementation on cognitive function and blood Aβ-related biomarkers in older adults with Alzheimer’s disease: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2019 Dec;90(12):1347-1352. doi: 10.1136/jnnp-2018-320199. Epub 2019 Jul 11. PMID: 31296588.

9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7353432/pdf/nutrients-12-01868.pdf.

   11. https://www.nutrition.org.uk/news/2021/british-nutrition-foundation-survey-reveals-49-adults-unaware-of-uk-government-guidelines-for-vitamin-d.

   12.. Evidence-based prevention of Alzheimer’s disease: systematic review and meta-analysis of 243 observational prospective studies and 153 randomised controlled trials. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2020, Nov;91(11):1201-1209. doi: 10.1136/jnnp-2019-321913.

   13. Beydoun MA, Beydoun HA, Gamaldo AA, Teel A, Zonderman AB, Wang Y. Epidemiologic studies of modifiable factors associated with cognition and dementia: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health. 2014 Jun 24;14:643. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-643.

10. Pfeiffer C, Clin Chem. 2008; R. Xu, Nature Scientific Reports 2022; Vogiatzlou A, Neurology, 2008
11. Vogiatzoglou A, Refsum H, Johnston C, Smith SM, Bradley KM, de Jager C, Budge MM, Smith AD. Vitamin B12 status and rate of brain volume loss in community-dwelling elderly. Neurology 2008 Sep 9;71(11):826-32. doi: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000325581.26991.f2.

16. Teng Z, Feng J, Liu R, Ji Y, Xu J, Jiang X, Chen H, Dong Y, Meng N, Xiao Y, Xie X, Lv P. Cerebral small vessel disease mediates the association between homocysteine and cognitive function. Front Aging Neurosci 2022 Jul 15;14:868777. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.868777.
17. See the Joe Rogan show https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-oqYoNwnOs0.
18. Northuis CA, Bell EJ, Lutsey PL, George KM, Gottesman RF, Mosley TH, Whitsel EA, Lakshminarayan K. Cumulative Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors and Risk of Dementia: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Neurology 2023 Oct 31;101(18):e1771-e1778. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000207747. Epub 2023 Aug 9.

    19. Moderately elevated preconception fasting plasma total homocysteine is a risk factor for psychological problems in childhood. Public Health Nutr 2019 Jun;22(9):1615-1623. doi: 10.1017/S1368980018003610. Epub 2019 Jan 14.

    20.  Fenech M, Aitken C, Rinaldi J. Folate, vitamin B12, homocysteine status and DNA damage in young Australian adults. Carcinogenesis 1998 Jul;19(7):1163-71. doi: 10.1093/carcin/19.7.1163.

    21.  Homocysteine and Dementia: An International Consensus Statement. J Alzheimers Dis 2018;62(2):561-570. doi: 10.3233/JAD-171042.

19. Tsiachristas A, Smith AD. B-vitamins are potentially a cost-effective population health strategy to tackle dementia: Too good to be true? Alzheimers Dement (N Y) 2016 Aug 11;2(3):156-161. doi: 10.1016/j.trci.2016.07.002..
20. Jernerén F, Elshorbagy AK, Oulhaj A, Smith SM, Refsum H, Smith AD. Brain atrophy in cognitively impaired elderly: the importance of long-chain ω-3 fatty acids and B vitamin status in a randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2015 Jul;102(1):215-21; see also van Soest, A.P.M., van de Rest, O., Witkamp, R.F. et al. DHA status influences effects of B-vitamin supplementation on cognitive ageing: a post-hoc analysis of the B-proof trial. Eur J Nutr 2022, 61, 3731–3739: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-022-02924-w;
    see also Jernerén F et al. Homocysteine Status Modifies the Treatment Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Cognition in a Randomized Clinical Trial in Mild to Moderate Alzheimer’s Disease: The OmegAD Study. J Alzheimers Dis  2019;69(1):189-197. doi: 10.3233/JAD-181148.
21. Lakhan, S.E., Kirchgessner, A. The emerging role of dietary fructose in obesity and cognitive decline. Nutr J 2013, 12, 114.
22. Yau PL, Castro MG, Tagani A, Tsui WH, Convit A. Obesity and metabolic syndrome and functional and structural brain impairments in adolescence. Pediatrics 2012 Oct;130(4):e856-64. doi: 10.1542/peds.2012-0324; see also Mangone A, Yates KF, Sweat V, Joseph A, Convit A. Cognitive functions among predominantly minority urban adolescents with metabolic syndrome. Appl Neuropsychol Child 2018 Apr-Jun;7(2):157-163. doi: 10.1080/21622965.2017.1284662.
23. https://www.psychiatrist.com/news/a-19-year-old-is-youngest-ever-to-be-diagnosed-with-alzheimers.

    27. Yau PL, et al Obesity and metabolic syndrome and functional and structural brain impairments in adolescence. Pediatrics 2012, Oct;130(4):e856-64. doi: 10.1542/peds.2012-0324.

24. Zhang X, et al Midlife lipid and glucose levels are associated with Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimers Dement. 2023
25. Fortier M, Castellano CA, St-Pierre V, Myette-Côté É, Langlois F, Roy M, Morin MC, Bocti C, Fulop T, Godin JP, Delannoy C, Cuenoud B, Cunnane SC. A ketogenic drink improves cognition in mild cognitive impairment: Results of a 6-month RCT. Alzheimers Dement 2021, Mar;17(3):543-552. doi: 10.1002/alz.12206.

    30. Crawford, M.A..; Sinclair, A.J.; Wang, Y.; Schmidt, W.F.; Broadhurst, C.L.; Dyall, S.C.; Horn, L.; Brenna, J.T.; Johnson, M.R.; Docosahexaenoic Acid Explains the Unexplained in Visual Transduction. Entropy 2023, 25, x. https://doi.org/10.3390/xxxxx.  

26. Basambombo LL, Carmichael PH, Côté S, Laurin D. Use of Vitamin E and C Supplements for the Prevention of Cognitive Decline. Ann Pharmacother 2017 Feb;51(2):118-124. doi: 10.1177/1060028016673072.

32. Peng, M., Liu, Y., Jia, X. et al. Dietary Total Antioxidant Capacity and Cognitive Function in Older Adults in the United States: The NHANES 2011–2014. J Nutr Health Aging 2023, 27, 479–486: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-023-1934-9.

    33. Nurk E, Refsum H, Drevon CA, Tell GS, Nygaard HA, Engedal K, Smith AD. Intake of flavonoid-rich wine, tea, and chocolate by elderly men and women is associated with better cognitive test performance. J Nutr 2009, Jan;139(1):120-7. doi: 10.3945/jn.108.095182.

33. Lamport DJ, Pal D, Moutsiana C, Field DT, Williams CM, Spencer JP, Butler LT. The effect of flavanol-rich cocoa on cerebral perfusion in healthy older adults during conscious resting state: a placebo controlled, crossover, acute trial. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2015, Sep;232(17):3227-34. doi: 10.1007/s00213-015-3972-4. Epub 2015 Jun 7.
34. Sesso HD, Manson JE, Aragaki AK, Rist PM, Johnson LG, Friedenberg G, Copeland T, Clar A, Mora S, Moorthy MV, Sarkissian A, Carrick WR, Anderson GL; COSMOS Research Group. Effect of cocoa flavanol supplementation for the prevention of cardiovascular disease events: the COcoa Supplement and Multivitamin Outcomes Study (COSMOS) randomized clinical trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2022 Jun 7;115(6):1490-1500. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqac055. PMID: 35294962; PMCID: PMC9170467.

RESEARCH
Accumulation of 4-Hydroxynonenal Characterizes Diabetic Fat and Modulates Adipogenic Differentiation of Adipose Precursor Cells. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2023, 24:16645. https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/23/16645.

Electrophilic Aldehyde 4-Hydroxy-2-Nonenal Mediated Signaling and Mitochondrial Dysfunction. Biomolecules 2022, 12:1555. https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/12/11/1555.

Resident microbes shape the vaginal epithelial glycan landscape. Science Translational Medicine 2023, 15:eabp9599. https://www.science.org/doi/abs/10.1126/scitranslmed.abp9599.

International Pooled Analysis of Leisure-Time Physical Activity and Premenopausal Breast Cancer in Women From 19 Cohorts. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 0:JCO.23.01101. https://ascopubs.org/doi/abs/10.1200/JCO.23.01101.

Prune Consumption Attenuates Proinflammatory Cytokine Secretion and Alters Monocyte Activation in Postmenopausal Women: Secondary Outcome Analysis of a 12-Mo Randomized Controlled Trial: The Prune Study. The Journal of Nutrition 2023, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022316623727326.

Prunes preserve hip bone mineral density in a 12-month randomized controlled trial in postmenopausal women: the Prune Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2022, 116:897-910. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35798020.    

Forsythiae Fructus attenuates cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity in IEC-6 ​cells and J774A.1 macrophages by inhibiting NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD mediated pyroptosis. Journal of Holistic Integrative Pharmacy 2023, 4:166-177. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2707368823000845.

HOMOCYSTEINE – PATRICK HOLFORD

1. Homocysteine – from disease biomarker to disease prevention. J Intern Med 2021 Oct;290(4):826-854. doi: 10.1111/joim.13279. Epub 2021 Apr 6. PMID: 33660358.

2. The Hordaland Homocysteine Study: a community-based study of homocysteine, its determinants, and associations with disease. J Nutr 2006, 136:1731S-1740S. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16702348.
3. “Homocysteine: part 1 of 2. https://spacedoc.com/articles/kilmer-mccully-homocysteine-1.
4. “Kilmer McCully: pioneer of the homocysteine theory”. The Lancet 1998, 352 (9137):1364, October 24.
   5. Trends in circulating concentrations of total homocysteine among US adolescents and adults: findings from the 1991-1994 and 1999-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Clin Chem 2008, May;54(5):801-13. doi: 10.1373/clinchem.2007.100214.
   6. Vitamin B12 status and rate of brain volume loss in community-dwelling elderly. Neurology 2008, Sep 9;71(11):826-32. doi: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000325581.26991.f2. PMID: 18779510.
   7. Gender- and age-related differences in homocysteine concentration: a cross-sectional study of the general population of China. Sci Rep 2020, Oct 15;10(1):17401. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-74596-7.
   8. Moderately elevated preconception fasting plasma total homocysteine is a risk factor for psychological problems in childhood. Public Health Nutr 2019, Jun;22(9):1615-1623. doi: 10.1017/S1368980018003610.
   9. Meta-analysis: association of homocysteine with recurrent spontaneous abortion. Women Health 2021, Aug;61(7):713-720. doi: 10.1080/03630242.2021.1957747.
   10. A Novel Review of Homocysteine and Pregnancy Complications. Biomed Res Int 2021, May 6;2021:6652231. doi: 10.1155/2021/6652231.
5. Association between homocysteine levels and all-cause mortality: A dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies. Sci Rep 2017, 7:4769. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28684797.
6. Subclinical inflammation, telomere shortening, homocysteine, vitamin B6, and mortality: the Ludwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular Health Study. Eur J Nutr 2020, 59:1399–411.
7. Cerebral small vessel disease mediates the association between homocysteine and cognitive function. Front. Aging Neurosci. 2022,14:868777. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.868777
8. Read both “Don’t Phos Over Tau”: recent developments in clinical biomarkers and therapies targeting tau phosphorylation in Alzheimer’s disease and other tauopathies. Mol Neurodegeneration 2021,16, 37: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13024-021-00460-5; also Homocysteine exacerbates β-amyloid, tau pathology, and cognitive deficit in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease with plaques and tangles. Ann. Neurol. 2014, 75: 851–63; also Homocysteine Increases Tau Phosphorylation, Truncation and Oligomerization. Int J Mol Sci. 2018 Mar 17;19(3):891. doi: 10.3390/ijms19030891, and N-homocysteinylation of tau and MAP1 is increased in autopsy specimens of Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia. J Pathol 2019 Jul;248(3):291-303. doi: 10.1002/path.5254.
9. Homocysteine Lowering and Cardiovascular Events after Acute Myocardial Infarction. New England Journal of Medicine 2006, 354:1578-1588. https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa055227.
10. Association between the risk and severity of Parkinson’s disease and plasma homocysteine, vitamin B12 and folate levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front. Aging Neurosci. 2023,15:1254824. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1254824.

EDITOR’S NOTE
Opportunistic health screening for cardiovascular and diabetes risk factors in primary care dental practices: experiences from a service evaluation and a call to action. British Dental Journal 2023, 235:727-733. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41415-023-6449-6.

Chair Care: https://childrenshealthdefense.org/defender/chair-care-new-mexico-hairstylists-cdc-covid-flu-vaccines.

“5 Questions: John Ioannidis calls for more rigorous nutrition research”, by Hanae Armitage. Stanford Medicine News Centre, July 16, 2018: https://med.stanford.edu/news/all-news/2018/07/john-ioannidis-calls-for-more-rigorous-nutrition-research.html.

NEWS

Childhood adversity and COVID-19 outcomes in the UK Biobank.
J Epidemiol Community Health 2023: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37914378.

Double blind randomized controlled trial of saline solution gargling and nasal rinsing in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Paper presented at the ACAAI Annual Scientific Meeting, November 2023: https://acaai.org/news/acaai-2023-annual-meeting-newsroom.

Feasibility and impact of ketogenic dietary interventions in polycystic kidney disease: KETO-ADPKD-a randomized controlled trial. Cell Rep Med 2023:101283. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37935200.

Target-D studies: presented at the American Heart Association’s Scientific Sessions 2023 in Philadelphia on November 12 and 13.
Characteristics of Participants Enrolled in a Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating Vitamin D Normalization on Major Adverse Cardiovascular-Related Events: The Target-D Trial. Circulation 2023, 148:A13308-A13308. https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1161/circ.148.suppl_1.13308.
Higher Than Daily RDA Recommended Vitamin D₃ Dosing and Multiple Titrations Are Required to Achieve >40 ng/mL 25-hydroxy Vitamin D Levels in Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) Participants Enrolled and Randomized to Targeted Vitamin D Treatment: The Target D Trial. Circulation 2023, 148:A14841-A14841. https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1161/circ.148.suppl_1.14841.

Quasi-experimental evaluation of a nationwide diabetes prevention programme. Nature 2023, Nov 15: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06756-4.

Burden of proof: combating inaccurate citation in biomedical literature. BMJ 2023, Nov 6, 383:e076441. http://www.bmj.com/content/383/bmj-2023-076441.abstract.
Will the ROB-ME checklist prevent omission bias in meta-analyses? BMJ 2023, Nov 20, 383:p2653. http://www.bmj.com/content/383/bmj.p2653.abstract.

CHILDREN’S HEALTH – LUCINDA MILLER

Microbiome diversity is a modifiable virulence factor for cryptosporidiosis. Virulence 2023, 14:2273004. https://doi.org/10.1080/21505594.2023.2273004.

Bacharier LB, Stokes J, Litonjua AA: Prenatal vitamin D supplementation to prevent childhood asthma: 15-year results from the Vitamin D Antenatal Asthma Reduction Trial (VDAART). J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37852328.

Associations of positive childhood experiences with binge-eating disorder characteristics and intuitive eating among college students. Appetite 2023, Oct 5;191:107073.  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37802219.

Multiple micronutrient deficiencies in early life cause multi-kingdom alterations in the gut microbiome and intrinsic antibiotic resistance genes in mice. Nat Microbiol 2023: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37973864.

OPINION – Dr KARA FITZGERALD, ND

1. Potential reversal of epigenetic age using a diet and lifestyle intervention: a pilot randomized clinical trial. Aging (Albany NY). 2021 Apr 12;13(7):9419-9432. doi: 10.18632/aging.202913. Epub 2021 Apr 12. PMID: 33844651; PMCID: PMC8064200.
2. Potential reversal of biological age in women following an 8-week methylation-supportive diet and lifestyle program: a case series. Aging (Albany NY) 2023, 15:1833-1839. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36947707.
3. DunedinPACE, a DNA methylation biomarker of the pace of aging. Elife 2022, 11https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35029144.
4. Constant molecular aging rates vs. the exponential acceleration of mortality. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016, 113:1121-1123. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26792520.
5. The effect of polyphenols on DNA methylation-assessed biological age attenuation: the DIRECT PLUS randomized controlled trial. BMC Med 2023, 21:364. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37743489.

BAD SCIENCE – Dr ZOË HARCOMBE, PhD  

1. https://www.theguardian.com/science/2023/oct/19/eating-red-meat-twice-a-week-may-increase-type-2-diabetes-risk-study-finds
   https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/20/well/eat/red-meat-diabetes.html
   2. Red meat intake and risk of type 2 diabetes in a prospective cohort study of United States females and males. Am J Clin Nutr 2023, Oct 19. https://ajcn.nutrition.org/article/S0002-9165(23)66119-2/fulltext.
   3. https://www.zoeharcombe.com/2011/08/red-meat-diabetes/
   4. https://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-2024603/Diabetes-threat-slices-bacon-day-increased-50.html
   5. Red meat consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes: 3 cohorts of US adults and an updated meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr 2011. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21831992.
   6. References from my PhD for the unreliability of FFQs:
   – Beaton et al. Source of variance in 24-hour dietary recall data: implications for nutrition study design and interpretation. Carbohydrate sources, vitamins, and minerals. Am J Clin Nutr. 1983.
   – Kipnis et al. Empirical evidence of correlated biases in dietary assessment instruments and its implications. Am J Epidemiol. 2001.
   – Cook et al. The problem of accuracy in dietary surveys. Analysis of the over 65 UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2000.
   – Willett WC. Nutritional epidemiology issues in chronic disease at the turn of the century. Epidemiol Rev. 2000.
   – Archer et al. The Inadmissibility of What We Eat in America and NHANES Dietary Data in Nutrition and Obesity Research and the Scientific Formulation of National Dietary Guidelines. Mayo Clin Proc. 2015.
   7. https://nurseshealthstudy.org/sites/default/files/questionnaires/1980long.pdf from https://nurseshealthstudy.org/participants/questionnaires.
   8. Validity of a dietary questionnaire assessed by comparison with multiple weighed dietary records or 24-hour recalls. Am J Epidemiol 2017, Apr 1;185(7):570-584. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28338828.
   Reproducibility and Validity of a Semiquantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire in Men Assessed by Multiple Methods. Am J Epidemiol 2021, 190:1122-1132. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33350436.
   9. Table 2 in the main paper reported intake in servings/day and calibrated intake in servings/day. I’ve extracted the relevant numbers below:

In all cases, calibration narrows the range from Q1 to Q5; and quite substantially. This would attribute smaller differences in meat intake to the same differences in diagnoses. This would make one serving “riskier.”. The calibration implies that women underestimate intake in the lowest group, get it about right in the middle group and overestimate in the highest group. Men underestimate, but less so from bottom to top. This could be a review in itself.
10. I checked the raw data from Table 2 and calculated raw case rates from cases and person years for each study and each quintile. This confirmed that, using unadjusted data and using Q1 as the reference 1.00, the total red meat case rate was 1.77, the processed red meat case rate was 1.86 and the unprocessed red meat case rate was 1.60. The total red meat number was between the other two, as would be expected.
11. https://www.zoeharcombe.com/2015/05/food-groups.
12. https://www.zoeharcombe.com/2016/09/the-bradford-hill-criteria.
13. I have built a simple calculator where I enter cases and person years and claimed relative risk difference. The calculator can then be used to find the numbers that meet the two criteria of i) averaging the overall case rate and ii) having one number higher than the other to match the relative risk difference.
14. https://www.zoeharcombe.com/2022/04/meat-saturated-fat.
15.  https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Iron-HealthProfessional.
https:// www.zoeharcombe.com/2018/10/heme-iron.
https://www.zoeharcombe.com/2022/10/does-meat-cause-cd-t2d.
https:// www.zoeharcombe.com/2021/04/meat-disease-again.
16. https://ultimatepaleoguide.com/people/shawn-baker.

IN PRACTICE special – ANNE PEMBERTON
1. Healing Developmental Trauma: How Early Trauma Affects Self-Regulation, Self-Image, and the Capacity for Relationship, by Laurence Heller PhD and Aline LaPierre PsyD. North Atlantic Books, 1st edition (September 25, 2012).
2. https://www.autism.org.uk/advice-and-guidance/what-is-autism/autistic-women-and-girls#:~:text=Autistic%20characteristics%20in%20women%20and,result%20in%20anxiety%20and%20overwhelm).
3. https://www.heartmath.org/articles-of-the-heart/our-veterans-military-service-people/ptsd-may-be-greatest-injury-of-war-today.
4. Trauma, Experience and Narrative in Europe after World War II: https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-84663-3.

5. “It’s Not Me, It’s You: Projection Explained in Human Terms”: https://www.healthline.com/health/projection-psychology.
6. “What is transgenerational trauma, and how does it affect our families?”

https://www.betterup.com/blog/transgenerational-trauma.

7. Stanley Rosenberg: https://stanleyrosenberg.com.
   8. “The Original ACE Study”: https://nhttac.acf.hhs.gov/soar/eguide/stop/adverse_childhood_experiences.
   9. Eastern Body, Western Mind: Psychology and the Chakra System As a Path to the Self, by Judith Anodea, Clarkson Potter/Ten Speed; Revised edition (August 1, 2004).
   10. The Importance and Role of Proprioception in the Elderly: a Short Review. Mater Sociomed 2019, 31:219-221. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31762707.
   11. Somatics: Reawakening The Mind’s Control Of Movement, Flexibility, And Health, by Thomas Hanna, Da Capo Press; Illustrated edition (August 4, 2004).
   12. “Energy field studies overview & general information”: https://davidrouter.com/about/energy-field-studies.
8. Eileen McKusick: https://www.biofieldtuning.com.

Polyphenols:
A Polyphenol-Rich Diet Increases the Gut Microbiota Metabolite Indole 3-Propionic Acid in Older Adults with Preserved Kidney Function. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022, 66:e2100349. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35315592.

NEWS extra and RESEARCH in brief (page 42)
Widening Gender Gap in Life Expectancy in the US, 2010-2021. JAMA Internal Medicine 2023. DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2023.6041.

Current evidences of therapeutic effects of sulforaphane on oral and intestinal microbiota in Autism Spectrum Disorder – ASD. Concilium 2023: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/4dc8/22a03f75cfa3cbb6983f61f627f9f181c86b.pdf.
Comprehensive Insights into Biological Roles of Rosmarinic Acid: Implications in Diabetes, Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Nutrients 2023, 15, 4297. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15194297. The Effect of Beta-Carotene on Cognitive Function: A Systematic Review. Brain Sci. 2023 Oct 17;13(10):1468. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10605009.

RESEARCH UPDATE

Systemic Metabolic Signatures of Oral Diseases. Journal of Dental Research, 2023: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/00220345231203562.
Vitamin B12 is a limiting factor for induced cellular plasticity and tissue repair. Nature Metabolism 2023, Nov 16: https://www.nature.com/articles/s42255-023-00916-6.
A Mediterranean Diet‐Based Metabolomic Score and Cognitive Decline in Older Adults: A Case–Control Analysis Nested within the Three‐City Cohort Study. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research 2023, Oct 23: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/mnfr.202300271.

Obesity alters the circadian profiles of energy metabolism and glucose regulation in humans. Obesity 2023, Nov. 15, 2023: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/oby.23940.
Adult Organophosphate and Carbamate Insecticide Exposure and Sperm Concentration: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Epidemiological Evidence. Environmental Health Perspectives 2023,131 (11): https://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/doi/10.1289/EHP12678.
IgE to common food allergens is associated with cardiovascular mortality in the National Health and Examination Survey and the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology  2023, Nov 9: https://www.jacionline.org/article/S0091-6749(23)01251-4/fulltext.
Early life exposure to broccoli sprouts confers stronger protection against enterocolitis development in an immunological mouse model of inflammatory bowel disease. mSystems 2023, Nov 9: https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/msystems.00688-23.
IgE Mediated Flaxseed Allergy in Non-Atopic Toddler Polysensitized to Tree Nuts but Tolerating Other Seeds and Contact dermatitis of the hands caused by flaxseed in artist’s paint. Papers presented at the ACAAI Annual Scientific Meeting, November 2023: https://acaai.org/news/acaai-2023-annual-meeting-newsroom.
Autoregulatory control of mitochondrial glutathione homeostasis. 
Science 2023: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adf4154.  

Epsilon toxin–producing Clostridium perfringens colonize the multiple sclerosis gut microbiome overcoming CNS immune privilege. The Journal of Clinical Investigation 2023,133. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI163239.
A review of the sheep-multiple sclerosis connection. Medical Hypotheses 1986, 19:27-39. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0306987786901349.

Diet-induced glial insulin resistance impairs the clearance of neuronal debris in Drosophila brain. PLOS Biology, 2023; 21 (11): e3002359.
https://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.3002359.

Exploring the Interrelationships between Diabetes, Nutrition, Anxiety, and Depression: Implications for Treatment and Prevention Strategies. Nutrients 2023, 15:4226. https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/19/4226.

NEWS
CD38 regulates ovarian function and fecundity via NAD(+) metabolism. iScience 2023, 26:107949. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37822499.

Computer-aided diseases diagnosis system based on tongue color analysis: A review. AIP Conf. Proc 2023, 2804, 040003: https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0154231.

Analysis of Tongue Color-Associated Features among Patients with PCR-Confirmed COVID-19 Infection in Ukraine. Pesqui Bras Odontopediatria Clín Integr 2021: https://doi.org/10.1590/pboci.2021.109.

Microbiota from Alzheimer’s patients induce deficits in cognition and hippocampal neurogenesis. Brain 2023, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37849234.

Frailty and survival in the 1918 influenza pandemic. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2023; 120 (42) DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2304545120.

Social, clinical, and policy implications of ultra-processed food addiction. BMJ, 2023; e075354 DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2023-075354.

CONFERENCE – LEO PRUIMBOOM
Intermittent living; the use of ancient challenges as a vaccine against the deleterious effects of modern life – A hypothesis. Medical Hypotheses 2018, 120:28-42. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306987718305723.

IBD and IBS – ELLIOT OVERTON

1. The Vagus Nerve at the Interface of the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis. Front Neurosci. 2018 Feb 7;12:49. 
   2. Immunohistochemical estimation of brain choline acetyltransferase and somatostatin related to the impairment of avoidance learning induced by thiamine deficiency. Brain Res Bull 2000, 52:189-196. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10822160.
   3. Effect of thiamine deficiency on canine gastric secretion of acid. Am J Physiol 1959, 197:253-256. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14414652.
   4. Gastrointestinal Beriberi and Wernicke’s Encephalopathy Triggered by One Session of Heavy Drinking. Case Rep Neurol 2019, 11:124-131. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31543793.
   5. Effect of thiamin deficiency on pancreatic acinar cell function. Am J Clin Nutr 1982, 36:500-504. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6180623.
   6. Effect of dietary thiamin deficiency on intestinal functions in rats. Am J Clin Nutr 1984, 40:226-234. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6465054.
   7. “About TTFD: A Thiamine Derivative”, by Derrick Lonsdale, MD: https://www.hormonesmatter.com/ttfd-thiamine-derivative.
   8. Effect Of Thiamine Tetrahydrofurfuryl Disulfide upon the Intestinal Motility. The Journal Of Vitaminology 1965, 11:210-214. https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jnsv1954/11/3/11_3_210/_article.
   9. The Effects Of Thiamine Tetrahydrofurfuryl Disulfide upon the movement of the isolated small intestine. The Journal Of Vitaminology 1965, 11:253-260. https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jnsv1954/11/4/11_4_253/_article.
   10. Stimulating effect of thiamine and its derivatives on rat intestinal muscular contraction. Vitamins 1966, 34:390-392: https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/vso/34/4/34_KJ00002905111/_article/-char/en.
   11. Vitamins 1965, 31 (1): 95-96. https://doi.org/10.20632/vso.31.1_95_4.
   12. The Influences of Drugs on the Experimental Constipation of Mice treated with Atropine and Papaverine. The Journal of Kansai Medical University 1973, 25:300-321. https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jkmu1956/25/3/25_300/_article/-char/en.
   13. Postgastrectomy polyneuropathy with thiamine deficiency. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2001, 71:357-362. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11511711.

Additional stories
Vitamin D Deficiency (VDD) and Benefits of Supplementation in Veterans with IBS-D. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023, 13 (17) 2807: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37685345.
Immune regulation by fungal strain diversity in inflammatory bowel disease. Nature 2022, 603:672-678. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35296857.

GUT and CLINICAL PRACTICE – Dr SARAH MYHILL

Dr Caroline Pond: her book The Fats of Life was published in 1988: https://www.amazon.co.uk/Fats-Life-Caroline-M-Pond/dp/0521635772.
Fascinating short interview with her is here: https://www.wildcru.org/news/19477.

Nishihara – an example of his research:
Intrinsic blood-brain barrier dysfunction contributes to multiple sclerosis pathogenesis. Brain 2022, 145:4334-4348. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35085379.

Dr Myhill’s papers:
Myhill S, Booth NE, McLaren-Howard J: Chronic fatigue syndrome and mitochondrial dysfunction. Int J Clin Exp Med 2009, 2:1-16. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19436827.
Booth NE, Myhill S, McLaren-Howard J: Mitochondrial dysfunction and the pathophysiology of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS). Int J Clin Exp Med 2012, 5:208-220. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22837795.
Myhill S, Booth NE, McLaren-Howard J: Targeting mitochondrial dysfunction in the treatment of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) – a clinical audit. Int J Clin Exp Med 2013, 6:1-15. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23236553.

Vedicinals-9:
https://www.vedicinals.com.
https://drmyhill.co.uk/wiki/Vedicinal_9_for_Long_Covid,_Spikopathy_and_ME.

Methylene blue, American Society for Microbiology: https://asm.org/Articles/2022/March/Methylene-Blue-The-Little-Known-Disinfectant.

UK incidence: https://crohnsandcolitis.org.uk/media/4e5ccomz/epidemiology-summary-final.pdf.

RORgammat-Raftlin1 complex regulates the pathogenicity of Th17 cells and colonic inflammation. Nat Commun 2023, 14:4972. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37591835.

Immune regulation by fungal strain diversity in inflammatory bowel disease. Nature 2022, 603:672-678. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35296857.

MITOCHONDRIA – Dr DAVID MANTLE

Mantle D, Millichap L, Castro-Marrero J, Hargreaves IP: Primary Coenzyme Q10 Deficiency: An Update. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023, 12https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37627647.
Mantle D, Hargreaves IP: Coenzyme Q10 and Endocrine Disorders: An Overview. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023, 12https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36830072.

Cardiovascular mortality and N-terminal-proBNP reduced after combined selenium and coenzyme Q10 supplementation: a 5-year prospective randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial among elderly Swedish citizens. Int J Cardiol 2013;167(5):1860-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.04.156.

Ginkgo biloba Food Supplements on the European Market – Adulteration Patterns Revealed by Quality Control of Selected Samples.  Planta Med 2018;84(6-07):475-482. doi: 10.1055/a-0581-5203.

Hargreaves IP, Mantle D. Supplementation with selenium and coenzyme Q10 in critically ill patients. Br J Hosp Med (Lond). 2019;80(10):589-593. doi: 10.12968/hmed.2019.80.10.589.

Hargreaves I., Mantle D., Milford D. Chronic kidney disease and coenzyme Q10 supplementation. J Kidney Care 2019;4:82–90. doi: 10.12968/jokc.2019.4.2.82.

Hargreaves I, Heaton RA, Mantle D. Disorders of human Coenzyme Q10 metabolism: An overview. Int J Mol Sci 2020;21(18):6695. doi: 10.3390/ijms21186695.

The instability of the lipid-soluble antioxidant ubiquinol: Part 1-lab studies. Integr Med (Encinitas) 2021;20:24-28.

The instability of the lipid-soluble antioxidant ubiquinol: Part 2 – dog studies. Integr Med (Encinitas) 2021;20:26–30

Pharmaceutical quality of different Ginkgo biloba brands. J Pharm Pharmacol 2002 May;54(5):661-9. Doi: 10.1211/0022357021778970.

Bioavailability of coenzyme Q10 supplements depends on carrier lipids and solubilization. Nutrition 2019;57:133–140. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2018.05.020.

Mantle D. CoQ10 to treat and prevent heart disease. Br J Cardiac Nurs 2015;10:382–387. doi: 10.12968/ bjca.2015.10.8.382.

Mantle D. Coenzyme Q10 supplementation for diabetes and its complications: An overview. Br J Diabetes Vasc Dis 2017;17:145–148. doi: 10.15277/bjd.2017.149.

Mantle D, Dybring A. Bioavailability of Coenzyme Q10: An Overview of the Absorption Process and Subsequent Metabolism. Antioxidants (Basel). 2020;9(5):386. doi: 10.3390/antiox9050386.

Mantle D, Hargreaves IP. CoQ10 supplementation in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: an overview. Brit J Gastrointestinal Nursing (Liver nursing supplement), S1-S7.

Mantle D, Hargreaves IP. Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Neurodegenerative Disorders: Role of Nutritional Supplementation. Int J Mol Sci 2022;23(20):12603. doi: 10.3390/ijms232012603.

Mantle D, Hargreaves IP. Coenzyme Q10: Role in less common age-related disorders. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022;11(11):2293. doi: 10.3390/antiox11112293.

Mantle D, Hargreaves IP. Coenzyme Q10 and Endocrine Disorders: An Overview. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023;12(2):514. doi: 10.3390/antiox12020514.

Mantle D, Heaton RA, Hargreaves IP. Coenzyme Q10 and Immune Function: An Overview. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022;10(5):759. doi: 10.3390/antiox10050759.

Discrimination of Adulterated Ginkgo Biloba Products Based on 2T2D Correlation Spectroscopy in UV-Vis Range. Molecules 2022 Jan 10;27(2):433. doi: 10.3390/molecules27020433.

The coenzyme Q10 content of the average Danish diet. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 1997;67:123–129.

NEWS/RESEARCH extra
Serotonin reduction in post-acute sequelae of viral infection. Cell 2023, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37848036.
Higher circulating vitamin B12 is associated with lower levels of inflammatory markers in individuals at high cardiovascular risk and in naturally aged mice. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 2023. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jsfa.12976.
Patient safety, self-injection, and B12 deficiency: a UK cross-sectional survey. The British Journal of General Practice 2022, 72:e891 – e898: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36192360.  

Polyamine metabolite spermidine rejuvenates oocyte quality by enhancing mitophagy during female reproductive aging. Nature Aging 2023, https://doi.org/10.1038/s43587-023-00498-8.

TRAUMA-INFORMED PRACTICE – ELAINE WILKINS
1. https://www.recovery.org.uk/addiction.
2. Intergenerational Trauma: “Do You Carry the Trauma of Your Ancestors?” Berkeley Scientific Journal: https://bsj.berkeley.edu/do-you-carry-the-trauma-of-your-ancestors.
3. Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults. The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study. Am J Prev Med 1998, 14:245-258. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9635069.
4. Can Family Secrets Make You Sick?
https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/03/02/377569413/can-family-secrets-make-you-sick.

RESEARCH update

Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and the Risk of Dementia. JAMA Network Open, 2023; 6 (10): e2338088. DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.38088.

Seasonal light hours modulate peripheral clocks and energy metabolism in mice. Cell Metab 2023, 35:1722-1735 e1725. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37689069

Exploratory profiles of phenols, parabens, and per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances among NHANES study participants in association with previous cancer diagnoses. Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology, 2023; DOI: 10.1038/s41370-023-00601-6.
The Devil they Knew: Chemical Documents Analysis of Industry Influence on PFAS Science. Annals of Global Health 2023: https://annalsofglobalhealth.org/articles/10.5334/aogh.4013.

Feasibility of a dietary intervention to modify gut microbial metabolism in patients with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Nature Medicine  2023: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-023-02587-y.

Probiotics Bifidobacterium lactis M8 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus M9 prevent high blood pressure via modulating the gut microbiota composition and host metabolic products. mSystems 2023: https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/msystems.00331-23

WELCOME
PA training: https://www.healthcareers.nhs.uk/explore-roles/medical-associate-professions/roles-medical-associate-professions/physician-associate.
PA assisting in surgery: https://www.fparcp.co.uk/about-fpa/news/spotlight-series-physician-associates-pas-in-surgical-specialties-urology.

Obesity: https://www.businessinsider.com/more-doctors-get-certified-treat-obesity-ozempic-wegovy-2023-9.

NEWS.

Core mitochondrial genes are down-regulated during SARS-CoV-2 infection of rodent and human hosts. Sci Transl Med 2023, 15:eabq1533. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37556555.

EWG map: https://www.ewg.org/interactive-maps/pfas_in_wildlife/map.

Discussion. Has the human population become an sentinel for the adverse  effects of PFAS contamination on wildlife health and endangered species? Science of The Total Environment 2023.

Distinguishing features of Long COVID identified through immune profiling. Nature 2023, Sept 23: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06651-y.
Pediatric ADHD Medication Errors Reported to United States Poison Centers, 2000 to 2021. Pediatrics 2023; DOI: 10.1542/peds.2023-061942.

Snack quality and snack timing are associated with cardiometabolic blood markers: the ZOE PREDICT study. European Journal of Nutrition, 2023; DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03241-6.

Impact of Yoga Versus Memory Enhancement Training on Hippocampal Connectivity in Older Women at Risk for Alzheimer’s Disease. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease 2023, 95:1, 149-159.  https://content.iospress.com/articles/journal-of-alzheimers-disease/jad221159.

Effects of Ketogenic Diet on Reproductive Hormones in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. J Endocr Soc 2023, 7:bvad112. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37693687.

Senolytic therapy in mild Alzheimer’s disease: a phase 1 feasibility trial. Nature Medicine 2023: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-023-02543-w.

Effects of six-month creatine supplementation on patient- and clinician-reported outcomes, and tissue creatine levels in patients with post-COVID-19 fatigue syndrome. Food Science & Nutrition 2023, 00, 1–7. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/fsn3.3597.

ANTIOXIDANTS – SIMON MARTIN

Antioxidants stimulate BACH1-dependent tumor angiogenesis. Journal of Clinical Investigation 2023, online Aug 31: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37651203.

Antioxidants Promote Intestinal Tumor Progression in Mice. Antioxidants 2021, 10:241. https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/10/2/241.

Incidence of cancer and mortality following alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene supplementation: a postintervention follow-up. JAMA 2003, 290:476-485. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12876090.

Vitamin C
1. The orthomolecular treatment of cancer. II. Clinical trial of high-dose ascorbic acid supplements in advanced human cancer. Chem Biol Interact 1974, 9:285-315. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4430016.
2. A proposition: megadoses of vitamin C are valuable in the treatment of cancer. Nutr Rev 1986, 44:28-32. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3951764.
3. The treatment of poliomyelitis and other virus diseases with vitamin C. South Med Surg 1949, 111:209-214. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18147027.
4. Observations On the Dose and Administration of Ascorbic Acid When Employed Beyond the Range Of A Vitamin In Human Pathology. Journal of Orthomolecular Medicine 2014,13: 198-210. http://orthomolecular.org/library/jom/1998/pdf/1998-v13n04-p198.pdf.
5. Vitamin C, titrating to bowel tolerance, anascorbemia, and acute induced scurvy. Med Hypotheses 1981, 7:1359-1376. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7321921.
6. Vitamin C in the treatment of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Med Hypotheses 1984, 14:423-433. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6238227.
7. A World without AIDS, Leon Chaitow and Simon Martin (Thorsons, 1988).
8. Failure of high-dose vitamin C (ascorbic acid) therapy to benefit patients with advanced cancer. A controlled trial. N Engl J Med 1979, 301:687-690. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/384241.
9. Vitamin C pharmacokinetics: implications for oral and intravenous use. Ann Intern Med 2004, 140:533-537. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15068981.
10. Metabolomic alterations in human cancer cells by vitamin C-induced oxidative stress. Sci Rep 2015, 5:13896. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26350063.
11. High-dose parenteral ascorbate enhanced chemosensitivity of ovarian cancer and reduced toxicity of chemotherapy. Sci Transl Med 2014, 6:222ra218. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24500406.
12. High-dose intravenous vitamin C combined with cytotoxic chemotherapy in patients with advanced cancer: a phase I-II clinical trial. PLoS One 2015, 10:e0120228. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25848948.
13. Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) improves the antineoplastic activity of doxorubicin, cisplatin, and paclitaxel in human breast carcinoma cells in vitro. Cancer Lett 1996, 103:183-189. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8635156.
14. Combined treatment with vitamin C and methotrexate inhibits triple-negative breast cancer cell growth by increasing H2O2 accumulation and activating caspase-3 and p38 pathways. Oncol Rep 2017, 37:2177-2184. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28259996.
15. Effects of low versus high concentrations of water soluble vitamins/dietary ingredients Vitamin C and niacin on colon cancer stem cells (CSCs). Cell Biol Int 2017, 41:1127-1145. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28755485.
16. Vitamin C induces apoptosis in AGS cells via production of ROS of mitochondria. Oncol Lett 2016, 12:4270-4276. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27895802.
17. High dose concentration administration of ascorbic acid inhibits tumor growth in BALB/C mice implanted with sarcoma 180 cancer cells via the restriction of angiogenesis. J Transl Med 2009, 7:70. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19671184.
18. Ascorbate inhibition of angiogenesis in aortic rings ex vivo and subcutaneous Matrigel plugs in vivo. J Angiogenes Res 2010, 2:2. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20150992.
19. High-dose vitamin C enhances cancer immunotherapy. Sci Transl Med 2020, 12. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32102933.
20. BACH1 Stabilization by Antioxidants Stimulates Lung Cancer Metastasis. Cell 2019, 178:330-345 e322. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31257027.
21. Antioxidants can increase melanoma metastasis in mice. Sci Transl Med 2015 Oct 7;7(308):308re8. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26446958.
22. Oxidative stress inhibits distant metastasis by human melanoma cells. Nature 2015, 527:186-191. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26466563.
23. Mechanisms of attenuation of abdominal sepsis induced acute lung injury by ascorbic acid. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2012, 303:L20-32. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22523283.
24. Can plasma vitamin C predict survival in stage IV colorectal cancer patients? Results of a prospective cohort study. Front Nutr 2023 Mar 6;10:1110405. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36969825.
25. Low Vitamin C Status in Patients with Cancer Is Associated with Patient and Tumor Characteristics. Nutrients 2020, 12https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32764253.
26. Nutritional status, dietary intake and serum levels of vitamin C upon diagnosis of cancer in children and adolescents. Nutr Hosp 2012, Mar-Apr;27(2):496-503. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22732974.
27. Severe hypovitaminosis C in lung-cancer patients: the utilization of vitamin C in surgical repair and lymphocyte-related host resistance. Br J Cancer 1982, 46:354-367. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7126425.
28. Estimated prevalence and predictors of vitamin C deficiency within UK’s low-income population. J Public Health (Oxf) 2008 Dec;30(4):456-60. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18812436.

Astaxanthin

Astaxanthin protective barrier and its ability to improve the health in patients with COVID-19. Iran J Microbiol 2021, 13:434-441. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34557270.
Potential of Microalgae Derived Natural Astaxanthin As Adjunctive Supplement in Alleviating Cytokine Storm. SSRN 2020: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3579738.
Astaxanthin: A Potential Mitochondrial-Targeted Antioxidant Treatment in Diseases and with Aging. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2019, 2019:3849692. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31814873.
Neuroprotective properties of the marine carotenoid astaxanthin and omega-3 fatty acids, and perspectives for the natural combination of both in krill oil. Nutrients 2014 Mar 24;6(3):1293-317. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24667135.
Astaxanthin protected against the adverse effects induced by diesel exhaust particulate matter via improving membrane stability and anti-oxidative property.  J Hazard Mater 2023 Aug 15;456:131684. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0304389423009676.
Effect of carotenoids on gut health and inflammatory status: A systematic review of in vivo animal studies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-16. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37450500.

CoQ10
Alleviating effects of coenzyme Q10 supplements on biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress: results from an umbrella meta-analysis. Front Pharmacol 2023, 14:1191290. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37614320.
Randomized crossover clinical trial of coenzyme Q10 and nicotinamide riboside in chronic kidney disease. JCI Insight 2023, 8. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37159264.

CANDIDA
1. Antibiotic Resistance Threats in the United States, CDC, December 2019: https://www.cdc.gov/drugresistance/pdf/threats-report/2019-ar-threats-report-508.pdf.
2. Potent Antifungal Activity of Penta-O-galloyl-β-d-Glucose against Drug-Resistant Candida albicans, Candida auris, and Other Non-albicans Candida Species. ACS Infectious Diseases, 2023; 9 (9): 1685. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00113.
3. First hospital outbreak of the globally emerging Candida auris in a European hospital. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2016 Oct 19;5:35. https://aricjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13756-016-0132-5.
4. COVID-19-associated fungal infections. Nat Microbiol 2022, 7:1127-1140. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35918423.
5. “Candida auris: a review of recent literature”. UK Health Security Agency, June 14, 2023. https://www.gov.uk/government/consultations/candida-auris-update-to-management-guidance/candida-auris-a-review-of-recent-literature#antifungal-resistance.
6. Muhs A, Lyles JT, Parlet CP, Nelson K, Kavanaugh JS, Horswill AR, Quave CL: Virulence Inhibitors from Brazilian Peppertree Block Quorum Sensing and Abate Dermonecrosis in Skin Infection Models. Sci Rep 2017, 7:42275. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28186134.
7. Worldwide emergence of resistance to antifungal drugs challenges human health and food security. Science 2018, 360:739-742. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29773744.
8. Pentagalloylglucose (PGG): A valuable phenolic compound with functional properties. Journal of Functional Foods 2017, 37, 176-189: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1756464617304334.
9. Inhibitory effects of 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucopyranose on biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2011, 55:1021-1027. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21173176.
10. Ultra high-performance liquid chromatography with high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis of African mango (Irvingia gabonensis) seeds, extract, and related dietary supplements. J Agric Food Chem 2012, 60:8703-8709. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22880691.
11. Prognostic Trends and Current Challenges in Candidemia: A Comparative Analysis of Two Multicenter Cohorts within the Past Decade. J. Fungi 2023, 9, 468. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof9040468.

TRAUMA – ELAINE WILKINS

1. The Scar That Won’t Heal by Patricia Worby, PhD (2015).
2. https://www.newmedicineonline.com/rhyme-reason-conflict.
3. Johari Window – Joseph Luft and Harry Ingham.
4. Nicole Wills article: https://www.firstrand.co.za/perspectives/shellshock-and-snowflakes.
   5. IHCAN Discount Offer ‘Trauma Informed Coach accreditation [short practical course for all therapy / disciplines]: https://thechrysaliseffect.mykajabi.com/store/zsN2AFuc.

Link to Free Webinar How to Recognise and Handle Hidden Trauma in Your Clients

Methylation
Association between gene methylation and experiences of historical trauma in Alaska Native peoples. International Journal for Equity in Health, 2023; 22 (1) DOI: 10.1186/s12939-023-01967-7.

MITOCHONDRIA – CHRIS MELETIS

Niacin Cures Systemic NAD(+) Deficiency and Improves Muscle Performance in Adult-Onset Mitochondrial Myopathy. Cell Metab 2020, 32:144. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32640244
Age-associated changes in oxidative stress and NAD+ metabolism in human tissue. PLoS One 2012, 7:e42357. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22848760.
Therapeutic potential of boosting NAD⁺ in aging and age-related diseases. Translational Medicine of Aging 2018, 2: 30-37. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468501118300063.
Nicotinamide Riboside Improves Ataxia Scores and Immunoglobulin Levels in Ataxia Telangiectasia. Mov Disord 2021, 36:2951-2957. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34515380.

Safety and Tolerability of Nicotinamide Riboside in Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2022, 7:1183-1196. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36644285.
Safety and Metabolism of Long-term Administration of NIAGEN (Nicotinamide Riboside Chloride) in a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial of Healthy Overweight Adults. Sci Rep 2019, 9:9772. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31278280.
Herpes simplex virus 1 infection activates poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and triggers the degradation of poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase. J Virol 2012, 86:8259-8268. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22623791.

RESEARCH

Unveiling the Therapeutic Potentials of Mushroom Bioactive Compounds in Alzheimer’s Disease. Foods 2023, 12. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37569241.
Severe food allergy reactions are associated with α-tryptase. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 2023: https://www.jacionline.org/article/S0091-6749(23)00979-X/fulltext.
A Randomized, Controlled Neuroimaging Trial of Cognitive‐Behavioral Therapy for Fibromyalgia Pain. Arthritis & Rheumatology, 2023, Sept 20: https://acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/art.42672.
Resistant starch decreases intrahepatic triglycerides in patients with NAFLD via gut microbiome alterations. Cell Metabolism 2023, 35: 9, 1530-47, E8, Sept 5: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2023.08.002.
Risk of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Patients With Atopic Dermatitis. JAMA Dermatology 2023: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/article-abstract/2808972.
The role of probiotics in the treatment of adult atopic dermatitis: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Health Popul Nutr 2022, 41:37. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35978397.

FERTILITY

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WELCOME

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   5. “Time to assume that health research is fraudulent until proven otherwise?” by Richard Smith, July 5, 2021: https://blogs.bmj.com/bmj/2021/07/05/time-to-assume-that-health-research-is-fraudulent-until-proved-otherwise.
   6. Nutrition in Crisis: Flawed Studies, Misleading Advice, and the Real Science of Human Metabolism, by Richard David Feinman, PhD (Chelsea Green 2019).

NEWS

Cochrane UK: NHS pulls support. BMJ 2023, 382: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.p1756.
Medical Journals Are an Extension of the Marketing Arm of Pharmaceutical Companies, PLoS Medicine 2005, May, 2: 5. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15916457.
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder diagnoses and prescriptions in UK primary care, 2000–2018: Population-based cohort study. BJPsych Open 2023, 9(4): https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/bjpsych-open/article/attentiondeficit-hyperactivity-disorder-diagnoses-and-prescriptions-in-uk-primary-care-20002018-populationbased-cohort-study/E0818CCAE895FF273C7448756CFB0066.
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Endothelial AHR activity prevents lung barrier disruption in viral infection. Nature 2023, Aug 6: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06287-y.
Endothelial sensing of AHR ligands regulates intestinal homeostasis. Nature 2023, Aug 16: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06508-4.

An online survey of postmenopausal women to determine their attitudes and knowledge of the menopause. Post Reproductive Health 2023;29(2):67-84. doi:10.1177/20533691231166543.

Association between brain health outcomes and metabolic risk factors in persons with diabetes. Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology, 2023; July 30, DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51859.

Peptide YY: A Paneth cell antimicrobial peptide that maintains Candida gut commensalism. Science 2023, 381 (6657): 502. https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abq3178.
Multiple Biological Mechanisms for the Potential Influence of Phytochemicals on Physical Activity Performance: A Narrative Review. Nutraceuticals 2023; 3(3):353-365. https://doi.org/10.3390/nutraceuticals3030027.

Dietary wheat gluten induces astro‐ and microgliosis in the hypothalamus of male mice. Journal of Neuroendocrinology 2023, online ahead of print: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37534400.
A low-gluten diet induces changes in the intestinal microbiome of healthy Danish adults. Nat Commun 2018, 9: 4630. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6234216.

A dahlia flower extract has anti-diabetic properties by improving insulin 1 function in the brain. Life Metabolism 2023, June 18: https://academic.oup.com/lifemeta/advance-article/doi/10.1093/lifemeta/load026/7200078.

Lactate limits CNS autoimmunity by stabilizing HIF-1α in dendritic cells. Nature 2023, Aug 9: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06409-6.

Epigenetic memory of coronavirus infection in innate immune cells and progenitors. Cell 2023, Aug 18: https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(23)00796-1.

OPINION: ELEANOR STRANG

Royal Society for Public Health (2017) “Untapped Resources: Accredited Registers in the Wider Workforce”: https://www.cnhc.org.uk/uploads/asset/file/12/Untapped-Resources_0.pdf

Professional Standards Authority, Registers accredited by the PSA: Complementary & Natural Healthcare Council https://www.professionalstandards.org.uk/what-we-do/accredited-registers/find-a-register/detail/complementary-and-natural-healthcare-council

Are We Neglecting Nutrition in UK Medical Training? A Quantitative Analysis of Nutrition-Related Education in Postgraduate Medical Training Curriculums. Nutrients 2021, 13(3): 957.

Davies S (2017) GP careers: Why I decided to train in functional medicine. gponline.com: https://www.gponline.com/gp-careers-why-i-decided-train-functional-medicine/article/1445501

Chatterjee R (2016) Viewpoint: Is the functional medicine model the future of general practice? gponline.com https://www.gponline.com/viewpoint-functional-medicine-model-future-general-practice/health-promotion/health-promotion/article/1394328

BANT (2020) How BANT Members can Support Your General Practice. https://bant.org.uk/bant-members-supporting-general-practice.

BANT (2020) GP Engagement Toolkit https://bant.org.uk/members-area/member-resources/bant-gp-engagement-toolkit.

ELAINE WILKINS

1. https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/news/2022/life-expectancy-continues-to-fall-in-scotland
2. Aceshigh.com
3. Inflammation: The Common Pathway of Stress Related Diseases. Front Hum Neurosci2017; 11: 316. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5476783.  

Glasgow conference:
https://aceawarescotland.com/ace-aware-2018.

The Relation Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Adult Health: Turning Gold into Lead: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6220625/The Permanente Journal

Felitti paper: Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults. The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study. Am J Preventive Med 1998, 14(4), 245–258: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0749-3797(98)00017-8.

 CFS increase:
Childhood trauma and risk for chronic fatigue syndrome: association with neuroendocrine dysfunction. Archives of General Psychiatry 2009,  66(1), 72–80. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2008.508.

Abuse and fibromyalgia:
Physical and sexual abuse in female patients with fibromyalgia. Journal of Clinical Rheumatology 1998, 4(6), 301–306: https://doi.org/10.1097/00124743-199812000-00002.

Microbiome study:
Multigenerational Adversity Impacts On Human Gut Microbiome Composition and Socioemotional Functioning In Early Childhood. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2023, 30(120): https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2213768120.

INTERVIEW: MIKE ASH
The potential role of probiotics in the management of childhood autism spectrum disorders. Gastroenterol Res Pract. 2011:161358. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22114588.
The Bitter Aftertaste of Sugar by Morgan Stanley Research, Mar 18, 2015, reported at https://www.morganstanley.com/ideas/sugar-economics-how-sweet-it-isnt.
Commercial determinants of health. A series in The Lancet, 2023: https://www.thelancet.com/series/commercial-determinants-health.
Trends and disparities in cardiometabolic health among US adults, 1999-2018. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2022, 80(2), 138-151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2022.04.046.
Emma Derbyshire: Micronutrient Intakes of British Adults Across Mid-Life: A Secondary Analysis of the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey. Front Nutr 2018, Jul 19;5:55: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30073167.
Tufts Food Compass: https://sites.tufts.edu/foodcompass/research/data.
The Sweet Life: The Long-Term Effects Of A Sugar-Rich Early Childhood. Working Paper 30799, National Bureau Of Economic Research, December 2022, Revised June 2023:  https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w30799/w30799.pdf.
LEAP: Randomized trial of peanut consumption in infants at risk for peanut allergy. N Engl J Med 2015, Feb 26;372(9):803-13. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25705822.
LAP 2016: Impact of peanut consumption in the LEAP Study: Feasibility, growth, and nutrition. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016, Oct;138(4):1108-1118. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27297994.
Old Friends hypothesis: https://www.grahamrook.net/OldFriends/oldfriends.html.
Ultra-deep sequencing of Hadza hunter-gatherers recovers vanishing gut microbes. Cell 2023, Jul 6;186(14):3111-3124.e13. https://www.cell.com/cell/pdf/S0092-8674(23)00597-4.pdf.
A study on the mineral depletion of the foods available to us as a nation over the period 1940 to 1991. Nutr Health 2003, 17(2):85-115. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14653505.

PERIMENOPAUSE – PIPPA CAMPBELL

1. Actual Cleaning and Simulated Cleaning Attenuate Psychological and Physiological Effects of Stressful Events. Social Psychological and Personality Science 2023, 14(4), 381-394: https://doi.org/10.1177/19485506221099428. First published online July 9, 2022.
   2. A review of effective herbal medicines in controlling menopausal symptoms. Electron Physician 2017 Nov 25;9(11):5826-5833. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29403626.

ALZHEIMER’s and KETO

1. https://www.alzheimersresearchuk.org/dementia-leading-cause-of-death-in-2022.
   2. 52%: https://www.dementiastatistics.org/attitudes.
   3. https://www.alz.org/alzheimers-dementia/what-is-alzheimers/younger-early-onset.
2. The First Survivors of Alzheimer’s, by Dale Bredesen, MD, p45 (Avery 2022).
   5. Reversal of cognitive decline: a novel therapeutic program. Aging (Albany NY) 2014, Sep;6(9):707–17. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25324467.
   6. The End of Alzheimer’s Program: The First Protocol to Enhance Cognition and Reverse Decline at Any Age. By Dale Bredesen, MD. (Avery, 2020).
   7. Observed Improvement in Cognition During a Personalized Lifestyle Intervention in People with Cognitive Decline. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease. 2023 Jun 19, 1-12: http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jad-230004.
   8. Supplementary table 4, available for download online at https://dx.doi.org/ 10.3233/JAD-230004.
3. Ketogenic Diet In Alzheimer’s Disease. IJMS 2019, 16(20), 3892. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20163892.
4. Study Of the Ketogenic Agent Ac-1202 In Mild To Moderate Alzheimer’s Disease: A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Multicenter Trial. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2009, 1(6), 31. https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-7075-6-31.
   11. Dietary Ketosis Enhances Memory In Mild Cognitive Impairment. Neurobiology of Aging 2012, 2(33), 425.e19-425.e27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2010.10.006.
   12. Modified Ketogenic Diet Is Associated With Improved Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarker Profile, Cerebral Perfusion, and Cerebral Ketone Body Uptake In Older Adults At Risk For Alzheimer’s Disease: A Pilot Study. Neurobiology of Aging 2020, (86), 54-63: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.09.015.
   13. Randomized crossover trial of a modified ketogenic diet in Alzheimer’s disease. Alz Res Therapy2021, 13, 51: https://alzres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13195-021-00783-x.
   14. Feasibility and efficacy data from a ketogenic diet intervention in Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimers Dement (N Y) 2017;4:28-36. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29955649.

Matt Phllips quote from: https://www.defeatdiabetes.com.au/resources/low-carb/defeat-diabetes-live-can-alzheimers-be-prevented-with-a-ketogenic-diet.

RESEARCH
The Microbiome, Epigenome, and Diet in Adults with Obesity during Behavioral Weight Loss. Nutrients 2023; 15 (16): 3588 DOI: 10.3390/nu15163588.

Detection of Various Microplastics in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery. Environmental Science & Technology, 2023; 57 (30): 10911 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c07179.
Effect of exercise intervention on lung function in asthmatic adults: a network meta-analysis. Annals of Medicine 2023, Aug 10, 55 (2): https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07853890.2023.2237031.
Oral inflammatory load predicts vascular function in a young adult population: A pilot study. Frontiers in Oral Health 2023, Aug 16: 10.3389/froh.2023.1233881.

Unveiling the Therapeutic Potentials of Mushroom Bioactive Compounds in Alzheimer’s Disease. Foods 2023, Aug 7, 12(15), 2972: https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/12/15/2972.

Association of APOE ε4 Status With Long-term Declines in Odor Sensitivity, Odor Identification, and Cognition in Older US Adults. Neurology 2023, July 26: https://n.neurology.org/content/early/2023/07/26/WNL.0000000000207659.