References

WELCOME
Effectiveness of an intervention for reducing sitting time and improving health in office workers: three arm cluster randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2022, 378: https://www.bmj.com/content/378/bmj-2021-069288.
Egg, red meat, and poultry intake and risk of lethal prostate cancer in the prostate-specific antigen-era: incidence and survival. Cancer Prev Res (Phila). 2011 Dec;4(12):2110-21.
Prof  Richard David Feinman quote is from his book Nutrition in Crisis (Chelsea Green 2019), page 236.

NEWS
Accumulation of Sulforaphane and Alliin in Human Prostate Tissue.  Nutrients 2022, 14(16), 3263. DOI: 10.3390/nu14163263.  
A dietary intervention for vasomotor symptoms of menopause: a randomized, controlled trial. Menopause 2022, Oct 18, doi: 10.1097/GME.0000000000002080: https://pcrm.widen.net/s/kbrn2p6mqx/capital-wavs-ii.
Dr Marilyn Glenville:
Consensus: soy isoflavones as a first-line approach to the treatment of menopausal vasomotor complaints. Gynecol Endocrinol 2016 Jun; 32(6):427-30, doi: 10.3109/09513590.2016.1152240. Epub 2016 Mar 4.
Full paper: https://alsifemin.de/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Schmidt-et-al-Gyn-Endocrinol_2016.pdf.

Cordyceps mushroom with increased cordycepin content by the cultivation on edible insects. Front Microbiol 2022, Oct 19: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.1017576.

 doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.08.005. Epub 2022 Aug 29.

Microbiota imbalance induced by dietary sugar disrupts immune-mediated protection from metabolic syndrome. Cell 2022, Sep 15;185(19):3501-3519.e20: https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(22)00992-8.

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GUT UPDATE

Reciprocal interactions between the gut microbiome and mammary tissue mast cells promote metastatic dissemination of HR+ breast tumours. Cancer Immunology Research 2022. DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.CIR-21-1120.

Microplastics: What happens in the human digestive tract? First evidences in adults using in vitro gut models. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2023, 442 130010:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130010

BefA, a microbiota-secreted membrane disrupter, disseminates to the pancreas and increases  beta-cell mass. Cell Metabolism 2022; DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2022.09.001.

Identification of environmental factors that promote intestinal inflammation. Nature 2022 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05308-6

A local tumour microenvironment acquired super-enhancer induces an oncogenic driver in colorectal carcinoma. Nature Communications 2022; 13 (1). DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33377-8

Unfermented β-fructan fibers fuel inflammation in select inflammatory bowel disease patients. Gastroenterology 2022. DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2022.09.034

The Role of the Gut Microbiome in Diet and Exercise Effects on Cognition: A Review of the Intervention Literature. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A, 2022. DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glac166. 

RESEARCH
Loss of Nuclear Envelope Integrity and Increased Oxidant Production Cause DNA Damage in Adult Hearts Deficient in PKP2: A Molecular Substrate of ARVC. Circulation 2022, Sep 13;146(11):851-867, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35959657.
Honokiol Research Review: A promising extract with multiple applications. Nat Med J 2014, Jan 16: https://www.naturalmedicinejournal.com/journal/honokiol-research-review.

Theory and performance of substitution models for estimating relative causal effects in nutritional epidemiology. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2022. DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqac188.

NEWS EXTRA
Long COVID stat: https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/healthandsocialcare/conditionsanddiseases/articles/coronaviruscovid19latestinsights/infections.

Persistence, prevalence, and polymorphism of sequelae after COVID-19 in unvaccinated, young adults of the Swiss Armed Forces: a longitudinal cohort study (LoCoMo). The Lancet Infectious Diseases 2022, Aug 25: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(22)00449-2/fulltext.

Distinguishing features of Long COVID identified through immune profiling. medRxiv 2022.08.09.22278592, doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.08.09.22278592. Preprint.

Bile Acid–Microbiome Interaction Promotes Gastric Carcinogenesis. Advanced Science 2022, 9:16. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/advs.202200263.

WELCOME

Effects of cocoa extract and a multivitamin on cognitive function: A randomized clinical trial. Alzheimer’s & Dementia 2022, Sept 14,1- 12: https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.12767.

The mineral depletion of foods available to us as a nation (1940-2002)–a review of the 6th Edition of McCance and Widdowson. Nutr Health 2007;19(1-2):21-55. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18309763.

https://psnc.org.uk/lpcs-and-local/locally-commissioned-services/essential-facts-stats-and-quotes/prescriptions.

Health Survey for England, 2016 showed that 48% of adults in the country had taken at least one prescribed medicine in the past week, and almost a quarter, 24%, had taken three or more prescribed medicines in the past week. Feb 12, 2021.

Only 12% of American adults are metabolically healthy, Carolina study finds. https://www.unc.edu/posts/2018/11/28/only-12-percent-of-american-adults-are-metabolically-healthy-carolina-study-finds. Prevalence of Optimal Metabolic Health in American Adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009–2016. Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders 2019, Feb, 46-52: http://doi.org/10.1089/met.2018.0105.

“Disease burden is higher in the US. than in comparable countries”, at
https://www.healthsystemtracker.org/chart-collection/quality-u-s-healthcare-system-compare-countries.

https://www.statista.com/statistics/290087/consumer-spending-on-pharmaceutical-products-in-the-united-kingdom-uk/

Diet change for hypertension: research presented at the American Heart Association’s Hypertension Scientific Sessions 2022, held Sept. 7-10, 2022, in San Diego.

An ACE2-dependent Sarbecovirus in Russian bats is resistant to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. PLOS Pathogens, 2022; 18 (9): e1010828 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010828.

More on Dr Royal Lee at https://www.drroyallee.com.

Profitability of Large Pharmaceutical Companies Compared With Other Large Public Companies.  JAMA 2020, Mar 3; 323(9): 834–843,  doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.0442.
Prescribing Costs in Hospitals and the Community 2019-2020. NHS Digital: https://digital.nhs.uk/data-and-information/publications/statistical/prescribing-costs-in-hospitals-and-the-community/2019-2020.

98.2% survival rate: https://apnews.com/article/fact-checking-970830023526.

NEWS
Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Promotion by Air Pollutants, was presented at the ESMO Congress on Saturday 10 September 10, 2022. Related paper: Lung cancer in never-smokers: a hidden disease. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 2019, 112(7):269-271. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0141076819843654?journalCode=jrsb.  

Statin therapy is not warranted for a person with high LDL-cholesterol on a low-carbohydrate diet. Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity 2022, Oct, 29 (5): 497-511. https://journals.lww.com/co-endocrinology/Fulltext/2022/10000/Statin_therapy_is_not_warranted_for_a_person_with.14.aspx.
Evaluating the Association Between Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Reduction and Relative and Absolute Effects of Statin Treatment: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Intern Med 2022 May 1;182(5):474-481: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35285850.

Effects of cocoa extract and a multivitamin on cognitive function: A randomized clinical trial. Alzheimer’s & Dementia 2022, Sept 14,1- 12: https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.12767.

Coenzyme Q10 ameliorates aging-induced memory deficits via modulation of apoptosis, oxidative stress, and mitophagy in aged rats. Exp Gerontol 2022, Oct 15, 168:111950. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0531556522002583.

Rapid initiation of nasal saline irrigation to reduce severity in high-risk COVID+ outpatients. Ear, Nose & Throat Journal 2022; 0(0). doi:10.1177/01455613221123737.

CHRONIC FATIGUE

1. MEA: https://meassociation.org.uk/about-what-is-mecfs/#Part-4
2. McGrath, Simon (June 11, 2018). “Analysis of data from 500,000 individuals in UK Biobank demonstrates 
an inherited component to ME/CFS”.  ME/CFS Research Review. Retrieved  February 23, 2019
3. Bested AC, Marshall LM. Review of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome: 
an evidence‑based approach to diagnosis and management by clinicians. 
Rev Environ Health. 2015;30:223–49.
4. Front Neurol. 2020 Aug 11;11:826. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2020.00826.

Long COVID lessons – CLAIRE SEHINSON

1. ME Association website poll, conducted January 2016. https://meassociation.org.uk.
   2. https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng188/chapter/Context.
   3. “Crunching the numbers: is GBR the sick man of Europe?” by Simon Martin. IHCAN 2021, Feb, 6-7. www.ihcan-mag.com.
   4. Offline: COVID-19 is not a pandemic. Lancet.2020; 396: 874. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32000-6. Discussed in The COVID-19 syndemic is not global: context matters, Lancet 2020, Nov 28;396 (10264):1731. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32218-2.
   5. Glucocorticoids activate Epstein Barr virus lytic replication through the upregulation of immediate early BZLF1 gene expression. Brain Behav Immun 2010, Oct; 24(7):1089-96. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2010.04.013.

OHC papers:
A preliminary prospective study of nutritional, psychological and combined therapies for myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) in a private care setting. BMJ  Open 2012: https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/2/6/e001079.full.

The Application of Integral Medicine in the Treatment of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Journal of Integral Theory and Practice 2011, 6(4), 25-40: https://www.theoptimumhealthclinic.com/the-application-of-integral-medicine-in-the-treatment-of-myalgic-encephalomyelitischronic-fatigue-syndrome.

DIABETES

A Company Is Only as Healthy as Its Workers: a 6-Month Metabolic Health Management Pilot Program Improves Employee Health and Contributes to Cost Savings. Metabolites 2022, 12(9), 848: https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12090848.

Diabetes UK statement: https://www.diabetes.org.uk/professionals/position-statements-reports/food-nutrition-lifestyle/low-carb-diets-for-people-with-diabetes.

MITOCHONDRIA

Adaptive dysfunction of selenoproteins from the perspective of the triage theory: why modest selenium deficiency may increase risk of diseases of aging. FASEB J 2011 Jun;25(6):1793-814. https://faseb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1096/fj.11-180885.

Vitamin K, an example of triage theory: is micronutrient inadequacy linked to diseases of aging? Am J Clin Nutr 2009, Oct; 90(4):889-907. https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article/90/4/889/4597018.

 Selenium preserves mitochondrial function, stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis, and reduces infarct volume after focal cerebral ischemia. BMC Neurosci 2012, Jul 9; 13:79. https://bmcneurosci.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2202-13-79.

Vitamin K2 Modulates Mitochondrial Dysfunction Induced by 6-Hydroxydopamine in SH-SY5Y Cells via Mitochondrial Quality-Control Loop. Nutrients 2022, Apr 4;14(7):1504. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35406117.

Melatonin: A Mitochondrial Targeting Molecule Involving Mitochondrial Protection and Dynamics. Int J Mol Sci 2016, Dec 16;17(12):2124. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27999288.

Mitochondrial autophagy in the sleeping brain. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2022; 10: 956394. Published online 2022 Aug 24. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2022.956394.

Dr Terry Wahls

1. Ames BN. Delaying the mitochondrial decay of aging-a metabolic tune-up. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord.2003;17 Suppl 2:S54-57.
2. Ames BN. Delaying the mitochondrial decay of aging. Ann N Y Acad Sci.2004;1019:406-411.>
3. Ames BN. Low micronutrient intake may accelerate the degenerative diseases of aging through allocation of scarce micronutrients by triage. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.2006;103(47):17589-17594.
4. Ames BN, Liu J. Delaying the mitochondrial decay of aging with acetylcarnitine.Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2004;1033:108-116.
5. Sergi G, Pizzato S, Piovesan F, Trevisan C, Veronese N, Manzato E. Effects of acetyl-L-carnitine in diabetic neuropathy and other geriatric disorders. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2018;30(2):133-138.
6. Bene J, Hadzsiev K, Melegh B. Role of carnitine and its derivatives in the development and management of type 2 diabetes.Nutr Diabetes. 2018;8(1):8.
7. Ferrari R, Merli E, Cicchitelli G, Mele D, Fucili A, Ceconi C. Therapeutic effects of L-carnitine and propionyl-L-carnitine on cardiovascular diseases: a review. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2004;1033:79-91.
8. Chao de la Barca JM, Rondet-Courbis B, Ferre M, et al. A Plasma Metabolomic Profiling of Exudati2020;9(3).
9. Moos WH, Faller DV, Glavas IP, et al. Treatment and prevention of pathological mitochondrial dysfunction in retinal degeneration and in photoreceptor injury. Biochem Pharmacol.2022;203:115168.
10. Veronese N, Stubbs B, Solmi M, Ajnakina O, Carvalho AF, Maggi S. Acetyl-L-Carnitine Supplementation and the Treatment of Depressive Symptoms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Psychosom Med.2018;80(2):154-159.
11. Kepka A, Ochocinska A, Borzym-Kluczyk M, et al. Preventive Role of L-Carnitine and Balanced Diet in Alzheimer’s Disease. 2020;12(7).
12. Kidd PM. Neurodegeneration from mitochondrial insufficiency: nutrients, stem cells, growth factors, and prospects for brain rebuilding using integrative management.Altern Med Rev. 2005;10(4):268-293.
13. Traina G. The neurobiology of acetyl-L-carnitine. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed).2016;21(7):1314-1329.
14. Crentsil V. Mechanistic contribution of carnitine deficiency to geriatric frailty.Ageing Res Rev.2010;9(3):265-268.
15. Par A, Hegyi JP, Vancsa S, Par G. Sarcopenia – 2021: Pathophysiology, diagnosis, therapy. Orv Hetil.2021;162(1):3-12.

RESEARCH update

Environmental risks from artificial nighttime lighting widespread and increasing across Europe. Science Advances 2022, Sept 14, 8 (37): https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.abl6891.
Evaluating the Association between Artificial Light-at-Night Exposure and Breast and Prostate Cancer Risk in Spain (MCC-Spain Study). Environ Health Perspectives 2018, 126 (4), https://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/doi/10.1289/ehp1837.
Mitochondria as Potential Targets and Initiators of the Blue Light Hazard to the Retina. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2019, Aug 21;2019:6435364. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6721470/#__ffn_sectitle.

Gut microbiome of multiple sclerosis patients and paired household healthy controls reveal associations with disease risk and course. Cell 2022, Sept 15, 185 (19): 3467-86.e16: https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(22)01115-1.

Plant N-glycan breakdown by human gut Bacteroides. PNAS 2022, Sept 19, 119 (39) e2208168119: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2208168119.

Prebiotic Potential of a New Sweetener Based on Galactooligosaccharides and Modified Mogrosides. J Agric Food Chem 2022, 70, 29, 9048–9056: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01363.

Gut-Brain Circuits for Fat Preference. Nature, 2022; DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05266-z.

Acute Impact of Fine Particulate Air Pollution on Cardiac Arrhythmias in a Population‐Based Sample of Adolescents: The Penn State Child Cohort.  Journal of the American Heart Association 2022, Sept 14, 11 (18): https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.122.026370.

Independent phenotypic plasticity axes define distinct obesity sub-types. Nat Metab 2022: https://doi.org/10.1038/s42255-022-00629-2.

news EXTRA

SARS-CoV-2 infection drives an inflammatory response in human adipose tissue through infection of adipocytes and macrophages. Science Translational Medicine, 2022; https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/scitranslmed.abm9151.
Aspirin in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial. Lancet 2022, Jan 8;399(10320):143-151: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34800427.

Circulating anti-nuclear autoantibodies in COVID-19 survivors predict long-COVID symptoms. Eur Respir J 2022, Sep 22;2200970. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36137590.

Association of COVID-19 with New-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease. J Alzheimer’s Disease 2022, 89 (2): 411-414: https://content.iospress.com/articles/journal-of-alzheimers-disease/jad220717.

Effects of mild obesity on outcomes in Japanese patients with COVID-19: a nationwide consortium to investigate COVID-19 host genetics. Nutr. Diabetes 2022,12, 38: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41387-022-00217-z.

How important is obesity as a risk factor for respiratory failure, intensive care admission and death in hospitalised COVID-19 patients? Results from a single Italian centre. EJE 2020, 183 (4): https://eje.bioscientifica.com/view/journals/eje/183/4/EJE-20-0541.xml.

NEWS

Vitamin B12 and folate decrease inflammation and fibrosis in NASH by preventing Syntaxin 17 homocysteinylation. Journal of Hepatology 2022: https://www.journal-of-hepatology.eu/article/S0168-8278(22)02932-4/fulltext.
Skill-mix change and outcomes in primary care: Longitudinal analysis of general practices in England 2015-2019. Soc Sci Med 2022, Sep;308:115224: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35872540.

IHCANchat: High-dose Vitamin B6 supplementation reduces anxiety and strengthens visual surround suppression. Hum Psychopharmacol 2022, Jul 19;e2852, online ahead of print: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35851507.

The impact of Rhodiola rosea on biomarkers of diabetes, inflammation, and microbiota in a leptin receptor-knockout mouse model. Scientific Reports, 2022; 12 (1) DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14241-7.

Plant green pigment of chlorophyllin attenuates inflammatory bowel diseases by suppressing autophagy activation in mice. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2022, 323(2):G102-G113: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35638642.

A non-canonical vitamin K cycle is a potent ferroptosis suppressor. Nature 2022: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05022-3.

Alzheimer’s is Preventable campaign:
Effect of reductions in amyloid levels on cognitive change in randomized trials: instrumental variable meta-analysis. BMJ 2021; 372: n156.
Editorial. Dementia: a false promise. Lancet 2014;384(9948):1072: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)61658-5/fulltext.
The costs of developing treatments for Alzheimer’s disease: A retrospective exploration. Alzheimer’s Dement 2022;18:469–477. https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.12450.  
Genetics of Alzheimer disease. Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology 2010, 23(4) 213-227: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3044597.
Effect of the Apolipoprotein E Genotype on Cognitive Change During a Multidomain Lifestyle Intervention: A Subgroup Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Neurol. 2018; 75: 462-70: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29356827.
Precision Nutrition for Alzheimer’s Prevention in ApoE4 Carriers. Nutrients 2021, 13, 1362: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33921683.
Effect of Intensive vs Standard Blood Pressure Control on Probable Dementia: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA 2019, Feb 12;321(6):553-561: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30688979.
Evidence-based prevention of Alzheimer’s disease: systematic review and meta-analysis of 243 observational prospective studies and 153 randomised controlled trials. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2020,  Nov;91(11):1201-1209: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32690803.
Epidemiologic studies of modifiable factors associated with cognition and dementia: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health 2014 Jun 24;14:643: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24962204.
Homocysteine, B Vitamins, and Cognitive Impairment. Annual Review of Nutrition 2016, 36: 211-239: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nutr-071715-050947.
Piloting and validation of a novel self-administered online cognitive screening tool in normal older persons: the Cognitive Function Test. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2014, Feb; 29(2):198-206: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23754255.

INFLAMMATION
Intranasal delivery of pro-resolving lipid mediators rescues memory and gamma oscillation impairment in App^{NL-G-F/NL-G-F} mice. Communications Biology 2022, 5, 245: https://www.nature.com/articles/s42003-022-03169-3.
Downregulation of Neurofilament Light Chain Expression in Human Neuronal-Glial Cell Co-Cultures by a Microbiome-Derived Lipopolysaccharide-Induced miRNA-30b-5p. Front. Neurol 2022, Sec. Autonomic Neuroscience, https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2022.900048.

Fibre stats: https://www.bda.uk.com/resource/fibre.html#:~:text=How%20much%20fibre%20should%20I,aim%20for%2015g%20per%20day.

Inflammation, tau pathology, and synaptic integrity associated with sleep spindles and memory prior to β-amyloid positivity. Sleep 2022:  zsac135, https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsac135.

A Japanese Herbal Formula, Daikenchuto, Alleviates Experimental Colitis by Reshaping Microbial Profiles and Enhancing Group 3 Innate Lymphoid Cells. Frontiers in Immunology 2022: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.903459.

Inflammatory exposure drives long-lived impairment of hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal activity and accelerated aging. Cell Stem Cell 2022, Jul 12: S1934-5909(22)00261-2. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1934590922002612?dgcid=author.

Dietary Meat, Trimethylamine N-Oxide-Related Metabolites, and Incident Cardiovascular Disease Among Older Adults: The Cardiovascular Health Study. Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology 2022, Aug 1: https://doi.org/10.1161/ATVBAHA.121.316533.

VITAMIN D
Vitamin D deficiency and C-reactive protein: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study. International Journal of Epidemiology 2022. DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyac087.
Vitamin D and brain health: an observational and Mendelian randomization study. Am J Clin Nutr 2022, Aug 4;116(2):531-540: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35451454.
Supplemental Vitamin D and Incident Fractures in Midlife and Older Adults. N Engl J Med 2022, July 28, 387:299-309: https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2202106.
Guidelines for optimizing design and analysis of clinical studies of nutrient effects. Nutr Rev 2014, Jan;72(1):48-54: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24330136.
Post-hoc analysis of vitamin D status and reduced risk of preterm birth in two vitamin D pregnancy cohorts compared with South Carolina March of Dimes 2009-2011 rates. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2016, Jan;155(Pt B):245-51: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26554936.

RESEARCH update
Association of Ultraprocessed Food Consumption With Risk of Dementia A Prospective Cohort. Neurology, July 27, 2022 DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000200871.

Roundup and glyphosate’s impact on GABA to elicit extended proconvulsant behavior in Caenorhabditis elegans. Sci Rep 2022, 12, 13655: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-17537-w.

Exercise training enhances muscle mitochondrial metabolism in diet-resistant obesity. eBioMedicine, 2022; 104192 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104192.

Folic acid and neural tube defects: Discovery, debate and the need for policy change. J Med Screen 2022, Sep;29(3):138-146: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35735352.

Risk of hip fracture in meat-eaters, pescatarians, and vegetarians: results from the UK Women’s Cohort Study. BMC Med 2022, 20, 275: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-022-02468-0.

Effect on bone anabolic markers of daily cheese intake with and without vitamin K2: a randomised clinical trial. BMJ Nutrition Prevention & Health 2022: https://nutrition.bmj.com/content/bmjnph/early/2022/06/29/bmjnph-2022-000424.full.pdf.

Gut Microbial Stability is Associated with Greater Endurance Performance in Athletes Undertaking Dietary Periodization. mSystems 2022, 7:3, https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/msystems.00129-22.

 ALEX ZODIAC
1. High-dose thiamine supplementation improves glucose tolerance in hyperglycemic individuals: a randomized, double-blind cross-over trial. Eur J Nutr 2013 Oct;52(7):1821-4: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23715873.
2. Dysfunctional mitochondria as critical players in the inflammation of autoimmune diseases: Potential role in Sjögren’s syndrome. Autoimmun Rev 2021 Aug;20(8):102867: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34118452.
3. Mitochondria, endothelial cell function, and vascular diseases. Front. Physiol 2014, 6 May, Sec. Redox Physiology: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2014.00175/full.
4. Thiamine Deficiency Disease, Dysautonomia and High Calorie Malnutrition, by Derrick Lonsdale, MD, and Chandler Marrs, PhD. Academic Press; 1st edition (June 29, 2017): https://www.amazon.co.uk/Thiamine-Deficiency-Disease-Dysautonomia-Malnutrition/dp/0128103876/ref=sr_1_1./
5. EONutrition: https://www.youtube.com/c/EONutrition.

COVID update

1. “A Deeper Dive on CDC’s Exit Strategy”, by Jeffrey A. Tucker. August 15, 2022: https://childrenshealthdefense.org/defender/cdc-reversal-covid-guidance-covid-19-vaccines.
   2. ONS links: https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/birthsdeathsandmarriages/deaths/articles/analysisofdeathregistrationsnotinvolvingcoronaviruscovid19englandandwales28december2019to1may2020/28december2019to10july2020 and https://www.ons.gov.uk/news/statementsandletters/theofficefornationalstatisticsonsexcessdeathsanalysisplan.
   3. “Deaths with unknown causes now Alberta’s top killer: province”, by Nicole Di Donato, July 6, 2022: https://calgary.ctvnews.ca/deaths-with-unknown-causes-now-alberta-s-top-killer-province-1.5975536.
2. Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children and Long COVID: The SARS-CoV-2 Viral Superantigen Hypothesis. Front. Immunol 2022, Sec. Molecular Innate Immunity: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.941009.
3. The Efficacy of Facemasks in the Prevention of COVID-19: A Systematic Review. medRxiv 2022: https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.28.22278153v1.article-metrics.
   6. “How junk science got spread like wildfire”, by Dr Alasdair Munro. August 10, 2022: https://alasdairmunro.substack.com/p/how-junk-science-got-spread-like.

WELCOME

Antidepressant prescribing in England: patterns and costs. Prim Care Companion CNS Disord. 2020, 22(2):19m02552: https://www.psychiatrist.com/pcc/depression/antidepressant-prescribing-in-england.
What the NHS tells patients: https://www.nhs.uk/medicines/fluoxetine-prozac/common-questions-about-fluoxetine.
What proportion of initially prescribed antidepressants is still being prescribed chronically after 5 years in general practice? A longitudinal cohort analysis. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e024051: https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/9/2/e024051.
Comparative efficacy and acceptability of 21 antidepressant drugs for the acute treatment of adults with major depressive disorder: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Lancet 2018, Apr 7;391(10128):1357-1366: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29477251.

NEWS

Interpersonal Gut Microbiome Variation Drives Susceptibility and Resistance to Cholera Infection. Cell 2022, June 16: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2020.05.036.
Gut microbiota composition reflects disease severity and dysfunctional immune responses in patients with COVID-19.  Gut 2022: https://gut.bmj.com/content/70/4/698.

The serotonin theory of depression: a systematic umbrella review of the evidence. Mol Psychiatry 2022: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41380-022-01661-0.

High‐dose Vitamin B6 supplementation reduces anxiety and strengthens visual surround suppression. Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental, 2022; DOI: 10.1002/hup.2852.

Double-blinded randomised placebo controlled trial of enterosgel (polymethylsiloxane polyhydrate) for the treatment of IBS with diarrhoea (IBS-D. Gut 2022, published online first, 27 June: https://gut.bmj.com/content/early/2022/06/27/gutjnl-2022-327293.citation-tools.

Molecular Mechanisms of Neuroinflammation in ME/CFS and Long COVID to Sustain Disease and Promote Relapses. Frontiers in Neurology, 2022; 13. DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.877772.
Investigating trends in those who experience menstrual bleeding changes after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Science Advances, 2022; 8 (28). DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm7201.
Cloaking the ACE2 receptor with salivary cationic proteins inhibits SARS-CoV-2 entry. The Journal of Biochemistry 2022. DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvac054.
Reduced Vitamin A RBP levels in hospitalised COVID-19 patients. Presented at the American Society for Nutrition’s Nutrition 2022 Live Online, by Dr Richard Vollenberg, MD. Also see Significantly Reduced Retinol Binding Protein 4 (RBP4) Levels in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients. Nutrients 2022, May; 14(10): 2007, doi: 10.3390/nu14102007.

“How gut bacteria could boost cancer treatments”, by Jeanne Erdmann. News feature, Nature, 19 July 2022: https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-022-01959-7.
Gut microbiota from patients with mild COVID-19 cause alterations in mice that resemble post-COVID syndrome. Preprint (Version 1) 22 June 2022,  available at Research Square: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1756189/v1.

Trends and Disparities in Cardiometabolic Health Among U.S. Adults, 1999-2018. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2022; 80 (2): 138 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2022.04.046.
Our unhealthy nation. The Lancet Healthy Longevity 2021, Comment, 2: 1, E8-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2666-7568(20)30062-3.

“Tufts University touts the Food Compass as the ‘most comprehensive and science-based’ nutrient profiling system to date that clears up confusion to benefit consumers, policymakers”: https://scitechdaily.com/new-nutrient-profiling-system-ranking-healthfulness-of-foods-from-first-to-worst.
Limitations of the Food Compass Nutrient Profiling System. SocArXiv 2022, Feb 18: https://osf.io/preprints/socarxiv/eu578.

Healthy aging and muscle function are positively associated with NAD⁺ abundance in humans. Nat Aging 2022, 2, 254–263: https://doi.org/10.1038/s43587-022-00174-3.

SPMs
E-series resolvin metabolome, biosynthesis and critical role of stereochemistry of specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) in inflammation-resolution: Preparing SPMs for long COVID-19, human clinical trials, and targeted precision nutrition. Seminars in Immunology 2022, online February16: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1044532322000148.

DIGESTION
Diet and feeding pattern modulate diurnal dynamics of the ileal microbiome and transcriptome. Cell Reports 2022; 40 (1): 111008 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111008.

Human Colon Cancer–Derived Clostridioides difficile Strains Drive Colonic Tumourigenesis in Mice. Cancer Discov 2022, July 12. https://aacrjournals.org/cancerdiscovery/article/doi/10.1158/2159-8290.CD-21-1273/706980/Human-Colon-Cancer-Derived-Clostridioides.

ZBTB46 defines and regulates ILC3s that protect the intestine. Nature 2022, July 13: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04934-4.

Retrograde movements determine effective stem cell numbers in the intestine. Nature 2022; DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04962-0.

Oral antibiotics reduce voluntary exercise behavior in athletic mice. Behavioural Processes 2022; 199: 1046,50 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2022.104650. 

RESEARCH UPDATE

The influence of the macular carotenoids on women’s eye and brain health. Nutritional Neuroscience, 2022; 1 DOI: 10.1080/1028415X.2022.2084125.

The Ketogenic Diet for Refractory Mental Illness: A Retrospective Analysis of 31 Inpatients. Front Psychiatry 2022, July 6: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.951376.

Disentangling self from pain: mindfulness meditation-induced pain relief is driven by thalamic-default mode network decoupling. Pain 2022, July 7:  https://journals.lww.com/pain/Abstract/9900/Disentangling_self_from_pain__mindfulness.127.aspx.

Secular Trends in Risk Profiles Among Adults With Cardiovascular Disease in the United States. J Am Coll Cardiol 2022, Jul, 80 (2) 126–37: https://www.jacc.org/doi/abs/10.1016/j.jacc.2022.04.047.

Memory-enhancing properties of sleep depend on the oscillatory amplitude of norepinephrine. Nature Neuroscience 2022: 10.1038/s41593-022-01102-9

NEWS
Increased emergency cardiovascular events among under-40 population in Israel during vaccine rollout and third COVID-19 wave. Sci Rep 2022, 12, 6978: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-10928-z.
Long-term outcomes of adding Lutein/Zeaxanthin and Omega-3 Fatty Acids to the AREDS Supplements on Age-Related Macular Degeneration Progression: AREDS2 Report #28. JAMA Ophthalmology 2022, June 2: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/2792855.

Ameliorating Atopy by Compensating Micronutritional Deficiencies in Immune Cells: A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Pilot Study. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice, 2022; DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2022.02.028.

Red Blood Cell DHA Is Inversely Associated with Risk of Incident Alzheimer’s Disease and All-Cause Dementia: Framingham Offspring Study. Nutrients 2022, 14(12), 2408; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14122408.  

A Multicentre, Randomised, Double Blind, Parallel Design, Placebo Controlled Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Uthever (NMN Supplement), an Orally Administered Supplementation in Middle Aged and Older Adults. Front. Aging 2022: https://doi.org/10.3389/fragi.2022.851698.

Long COVID – Dr DAN KALISH
Early clues regarding the pathogenesis of long-COVID. Trends Immunol 2022, Apr; 43(4): 268-70. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35272932.
Long COVID: to investigate immunological mechanisms and sex/gender related aspects as fundamental steps for tailored therapy. Eur Respir J.2022, Feb; 59(2): doi 10.1183/13993003.02245-2021.
Role of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in COVID-19. Crit Care 2020, 24, 422: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-020-03120-0.
Long covid – mechanisms, risk factors, and management. BMJ 2021;374:n1648:  https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n1648.
Regulation of cytokine signaling pathways by PIAS proteins. Cell Res 2006, 16, 196–202 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.cr.7310027.
Metabolic features of the cell danger response. Mitochondrion 2014, May;16:7-17. doi: 10.1016/j.mito.2013.08.006.

CBD

Cannabidiol (CBD) modulation of apelin in acute respiratory distress syndrome.  J Cell Mol Med 2020;00:1–4. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jcmm.15883.
Cannabidiol Inhibits Glioblastoma Progression Through Regulation of Tumor Microenvironment. Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research 2021; published online Dec 21: https://doi.org/10.1089/can.2021.0098.
Inflammaging and Cannabinoids. Ageing Research Reviews 2021, 72, [101487]: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2021.101487.
Effects of cannabidiol on simulated driving and cognitive performance: A dose-ranging randomised controlled trial. Journal of Psychopharmacology 2022: https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811221095356.

RESEARCH
Maternal gut microbiome–induced IgG regulates neonatal gut microbiome and immunity. Science Immunology 2022; 7 (72). DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abh3816.
Clinical, gut microbial and neural effects of a probiotic add-on therapy in depressed patients: a randomized controlled trial. Translational Psychiatry, 2022; 12 (1) DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-01977-z.

Does the concept of ‘ultra-processed foods’ help inform dietary guidelines, beyond conventional classification systems? YES. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2022; DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqac122.
Does the concept of ‘ultra-processed foods’ help inform dietary guidelines, beyond conventional classification systems? NO. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2022; DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqac123.
Conflicts of interests of ICQC members (International Carbohydrate Quality Consortium): https://www.carbquality.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/COIs.pdf.
Ultra-processed foods: what they are and how to identify them. Public Health Nutr. 2019, Apr;22(5):936-941. DOI: 10.1017/S1368980018003762.

Effects of a New Multicomponent Nutritional Supplement on Muscle Mass and Physical Performance in Adult and Old Patients Recovered from COVID-19: A Pilot Observational Case–Control Study. Nutrients 2022, 14(11), 2316: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14112316.

NEWS extra
Folate related pathway gene analysis reveals a novel metabolic variant
associated with Alzheimer’s disease with a change in metabolic profile. Metabolites 2022, 12(6), 475; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12060475.

Corroboration of a Major Role for Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 in Alzheimer’s Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2018: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2018.00324.
Latent herpes simplex virus type 1 in normal and Alzheimer’s disease brains. J Med Virol 1991 Apr;33(4):224-7, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1649907.
Herpes simplex virus type 1 in brain and risk of Alzheimer’s disease. Lancet 1997, Jan 25;349(9047):241-4: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9014911.

Vitamin D and brain health: an observational and Mendelian randomization study. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2022; DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqac107.

Pre-infection 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels and association with severity of COVID-19 illness. PLOS One 2022, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0263069.
Vitamin D, Epstein-Barr virus, and endogenous retroviruses in multiple sclerosis – facts and hypotheses. J Integr Neurosci 2021, Mar 30;20(1):233-238: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33834708.

SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells associate with inflammation and reduced lung function in pulmonary post-acute sequalae of SARS-CoV-2. PLOS Pathogens, 2022; 18 (5): e1010359 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010359.

WELCOME
Increasing use of prescription drugs in the United Kingdom. Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety 2016, 25(6), 628–636. https://doi.org/10.1002/pds.3947.

NEWS

Fruit and vegetable intake is inversely associated with severity of inattention in a pediatric population with ADHD symptoms: the MADDY Study. Nutritional Neuroscience 2022; 1 DOI: 10.1080/1028415X.2022.2071805.
Chronic Consumption of Cranberries (Vaccinium macrocarpon) for 12 Weeks Improves Episodic Memory and Regional Brain Perfusion in Healthy Older Adults: A Randomised, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Groups Feasibility Study. Frontiers in Nutrition 2022; 9 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.849902.

Influenza virus replication in cardiomyocytes drives heart dysfunction and fibrosis. Sci Adv 2022, May 13, 8(19):eabm5371, doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abm5371.
SARS-CoV-2 infects human engineered heart tissues and models COVID-19 myocarditis. Journal of the American College of Cardiology: Basic to Translational Science 2021, 6: 4, 331-345: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2452302X21000127.
SARS-CoV-2 and influenza: a comparative overview and treatment implications. Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex. 2020;77(5):262-273. DOI: 10.24875/BMHIM.20000183.
“Even Mild COVID Can Increase the Risk of Heart Problems”, by Mariana Lenharo. Scientific American, March 16, 2022: https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/even-mild-covid-can-increase-the-risk-of-heart-problems.

Candida albicans oscillating UME6 expression during intestinal colonization primes systemic Th17 protective immunity. Cell Reports 2022; 39 (7): 110837 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110837.

Obese individuals do not underreport dietary intake to a greater extent than nonobese individuals when data are allometrically-scaled. Am J Human Biol 2022, https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.23743.

NEWS SARS in the gut

“Coronavirus ‘ghosts’ found lingering in the gut”, by Heidi Ledford.
Nature 605, 408-409 (2022), https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-022-01280-3.
Natarajan, A. et al. Med https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medj.2022.04.001 (2022). Article  Google Scholar 
Zollner, A. et al. Gasteroenterology https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2022.04.037 (2022). PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 
Gaebler, C. et al. Nature 591, 639–644 (2021). PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 
Chertow, D. et al. Preprint at Research Square https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1139035/v1 (2021).
Goh, D. et al. Preprint at Research Square https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1379777/v1 (2022).

NEWS – Dr LINDA ISAACS
1.         Isaacs LL. Pancreatic proteolytic enzymes and cancer: new support for an old theory. Integr Cancer Ther. 2022;21:15347354221096077. doi: 10.1177/15347354221096077. Available at: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/15347354221096077.

2. Gonzalez NJ. One Man Alone; An Investigation of Nutrition, Cancer, and William Donald Kelley. New York, NY: New Spring Press; 2010.
3. Gonzalez NJ, Isaacs LL. Evaluation of pancreatic proteolytic enzyme treatment of adenocarcinoma of the pancreas, with nutrition and detoxification support. Nutr Cancer. 1999;33(2):117-124. doi: 10.1207/S15327914NC330201 Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10368805.
4. Gonzalez NJ. What Went Wrong: The Truth Behind the Clinical Trial of the Enzyme Treatment of Cancer. New York, NY: New Spring Press; 2012.
5. Isaacs LL. Research battles: survival tips from a veteran. Integr Med (Encinitas). 2015;14(5):30-32. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4712871/.
6. Andriulli A, Masoero G, Felder M, et al. Circulating trypsin-like immunoreactivity in chronic pancreatitis. Dig Dis Sci. 1981;26(6):532-537. doi: 10.1007/bf01308103.
7. Andriulli A, Masoero G. Serum trypsinogen. Dig Dis Sci. 1984;29(5):479. doi: 10.1007/bf01296230.
8. Verhamme IM, Leonard SE, Perkins RC. Proteases: pivot points in functional proteomics. Meth Mol Biol (Clifton, NJ). 2019;1871:313-392. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8814-3_20. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6472488/.
9. Pontarollo G, Mann A, Brandão I, Malinarich F, Schöpf M, Reinhardt C. Protease-activated receptor signaling in intestinal permeability regulation. FEBS J. 2020;287(4):645-658. doi: 10.1111/febs.15055. Available at: https://febs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/febs.15055.
10. Liu L, Shah K. The Potential of the Gut Microbiome to Reshape the Cancer Therapy Paradigm: A Review. JAMA Oncol. 2022. doi: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2022.0494.
11. Beard J. The Enzyme Treatment of Cancer and Its Scientific Basis. London: Chatto and Windus; 1911.
12. Lala PK, Nandi P, Hadi A, Halari C. A crossroad between placental and tumor biology: What have we learnt? Placenta. 2021;116:12–30. doi: 10.1016/j.placenta.2021.03.003.
13. Even-Ram SC, Grisaru-Granovsky S, Pruss D, et al. The pattern of expression of protease-activated receptors (PARs) during early trophoblast development. J Pathol. 2003;200(1):47-52. doi: 10.1002/path.1338
14. Nag JK, Bar-Shavit R. Transcriptional Landscape of PARs in Epithelial Malignancies. Int J Mol Sci. 2018;19(11). doi: 10.3390/ijms19113451.
15. Hernandez-Camarero P, Lopez-Ruiz E, Grinan-Lison C, et al. Pancreatic (pro)enzymes treatment suppresses BXPC-3 pancreatic cancer stem cell subpopulation and impairs tumour engrafting. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):11359. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-47837-7.

NEWS – Dr ROBERT LUSTIG
Obesity I: Overview and molecular and biochemical mechanisms. Biochemical Pharmacology 2022, 199: 115012. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S000629522200106X. Part of Special Issue, Impact of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals on Health and Disease:  https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/biochemical-pharmacology/special-issue/10C2CCK1F7N.
Obesity II: Establishing causal links between chemical exposure and obesity. Biochem Pharacol. Doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115015.
Obesity III: Obesogen assays: Limitations, strengths, and new directions. Biochem Pharacol. Doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115014.

Long COVID – CORT JOHNSON

Decreased Fatty Acid Oxidation and Altered Lactate Production during Exercise in Patients with Post-acute COVID-19 Syndrome. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2022, 205(1), 126–129. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.202108-1903LE.
Abnormal blood lactate accumulation during repeated exercise testing in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome. Physiol Rep 2019, 7 (11), 2019, e14138, https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.14138,
Functional characterization of muscle fibres from patients with chronic fatigue syndrome: case-control study. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2009, Apr-Jun;22(2):427-36. doi: 10.1177/039463200902200219.
Old muscle in young body: an aphorism describing the Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Eur J Transl Myol 2018, Sep 7;28(3):7688, doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2018.7688.
Specific correlations between muscle oxidative stress and chronic fatigue syndrome: a working hypothesis. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2007;28(6):355-62, doi: 10.1007/s10974-008-9128-y.
Understanding Muscle Dysfunction in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. J Aging Res. 2016;2016:2497348, 10.1155/2016/2497348.

PROBIOTICS

COVID-19 and the gastrointestinal tract: more than meets the eye. Gut. 2020; 69(6):973-4. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-321195.

Gut as viral reservoir: lessons from gut viromes, VIH and COVID-19. Gut. 2021; 70(9):1605-8. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-324622.

Gut microbiota composition reflects disease severity and dysfunctional immune responses in patients with COVID-19. Gut 2021; 70(4):698-706. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-323020.

Prolonged impairment of short-chain fatty acid and L-isoleucine biosynthesis in gut microbiome in patients with COVID-19. Gastroenterology 2022; 162(2):548-61.e4. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.10.013.

Gut microbiota dynamics in a prospective cohort of patients with post-acute COVID-19 syndrome. Gut 2022; 71(3):544-52. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-325989.

Association of blood glucose control and outcomes in patients with COVID-19 and pre-existing type 2 diabetes. Cell Metab 2020; 31(6):1068-77.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet2020.04.021.

SIM01 as a novel microbiome replacement therapy for COVID-19: an open-label pilot study. APDW2021. Available: https://www.apdwkl2021.org/abstracts/sim01-as-a-novel-microbiome-replacement-therapy-for-covid19-an-openlabel-pilot-study 

Targeting the gut microbiota in coronavirus disease 2019: hype or hope? Gastroenterology 2022; 162(1):9-16. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.09.009.

Gut microbiota composition is associated with SARS-CoV-2 vaccine immunogenicity and adverse events. Gut. 2022. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-326563.

Online COVID-19 gastroenterology collection published by Gut, Frontline Gastroenterology and BMJ Open Gastroenterology: https://gut.bmj.com/pages/covid-19/

Probiotic improves symptomatic and viral clearance in Covid19 outpatients: a randomized, quadruple-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. Gut Microbes 2022, 14:1. DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.2018899.

Gut Ruminococcaceae levels at baseline correlate with risk of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. iScience. 2021; 25(1):103644. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103644.

Elevated rates of horizontal gene transfer in the industrialized human microbiome. Cell. 2021; 184(8):2053-67. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.02.052.

Use of traditional and genetically modified probiotics in human health: what does the future hold? Microbiol Spectr. 2017; 5(5). doi: 10.1128/microbiolspec.BAD-0016-2016.

Engineering lactococci and lactobacilli for human health. Curr Opin Microbiol. 2013; 16(3):278-83. doi: 10.1016/j.mib.2013.06.002.

Food-grade bacteria expressing elafin protect against inflammation and restore colon homeostasis. Sci Transl Med. 2012; 4(158):158ra144. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.2004212.

Faecalibacterium prausnitzii is an anti-inflammatory commensal bacterium identified by gut microbiota analysis of Crohn disease patients. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008; 105(43):16731-6. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0804812105.

Microbial anti-inflammatory molecule (MAM) from Faecalibacterium prausnitzii shows a protective effect on DNBS and DSS-induced colitis model in mice through inhibition of NF-kB pathway. Front Microbiol. 2017; 8:114. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00114.

A selective gut bacterial bile salt hydrolase alters host metabolism. Elife. 2018; 7:e37182. doi: 10.7554/eLife.37182.

Inhibition of microbial deconjugation of micellar bile acids protects against intestinal permeability and liver injury. bioRxiv. doi : 10.1101/2021.03.24.436896.

Human gut bacteria produce T_H17-modulating bile acid metabolites. Nature. 2022; 603(7903):907-12. doi: 10.1038/s41586-022-04480-z.

Longitudinal multi-omics analyses link gut microbiome dysbiosis with recurrent urinary tract infections in women. Nature Microbiology 2022; 7 (5): 630 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-022-01107-x.

Supplementation with a probiotic mixture accelerates gut microbiome maturation and reduces intestinal inflammation in extremely preterm infants. Cell Host & Microbe 2022, 30 5: 696-711.e5: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2022.04.005.

Host cells subdivide nutrient niches into discrete biogeographical microhabitats for gut microbes. Cell Host & Microbe 2022: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2022.04.012.

MUSHROOMS
British Lung Foundation website: https://statistics.blf.org.uk.

ONS figures: “Prevalence of ongoing symptoms following coronavirus (COVID-19) infection in the UK”, May 6, 2022: https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/healthandsocialcare/conditionsanddiseases/bulletins/prevalenceofongoingsymptomsfollowingcoronaviruscovid19infectionintheuk/6may2022.

Arunachalam, Karuppusamy, Sreeja Puthanpura Sasidharan, and Xuefei Yang. A concise review of mushrooms antiviral and immunomodulatory properties that may combat against COVID-19. Food Chemistry Advances (2022): 100023.

Li, Y., Li, M., Wang, R., Wang, B., Athari, S. S., & Wang, J. (2022). Ganoderma Modulates Allergic Asthma Pathologic Features via Anti-inflammatory Effects. Respiratory physiology & neurobiology, 103843.

Jan, RH., Lin, TY., Hsu, YC. et al. Immuno-modulatory activity of Ganoderma lucidum-derived polysacharide on human monocytoid dendritic cells pulsed with Der p 1 allergen. BMC Immunol 12, 31 (2011).

Chen S, Li Z, Krochmal R, Abrazado M, Kim W, Cooper CB. Effect of Cs-4 (Cordyceps sinensis) on exercise performance in healthy older subjects: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Altern Complement Med. 2010 May;16(5):585-90.

Wang, N., Li, J., Huang, X., Chen, W., & Chen, Y. (2016). Herbal medicine Cordyceps sinensis improves health-related quality of life in moderate-to-severe asthma. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2016.

Yu, X., Mao, Y., Shergis, J. L., Coyle, M. E., Wu, L., Chen, Y., … & Xu, Y. (2019). Effectiveness and Safety of Oral Cordyceps sinensis on Stable COPD of GOLD Stages 2–3: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2019.

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Oh KW, Lee CK, Kim YS, Eo SK, Han SS. Antiherpetic activities of acidic protein bound polysacchride isolated from Ganoderma lucidum alone and in combinations with acyclovir and vidarabine. J Ethnopharmacol. 2000 Sep;72(1-2):221-7.

Guowei, D., Bao, T., Xu, C., Cooper, R. and Zhu, J. X. (2001) CordyMaxTM Cs-4 Improves Steady-State Bioenergy Status in Mouse Liver. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine. 7, 231-24.

Manabe N, Sugimoto M, Azuma Y, Taketomo N, Yamashita A, Tsuboi H, Tsunoo A, Kinjo N, Nian-Lai H, Miyamoto H. Effects of the mycelial extract of cultured Cordyceps sinensis on in vivo hepatic energy metabolism in the mouse. Jpn J Pharmacol. 1996 Jan;70(1):85-8.

Phillips JM, Ooi SL, Pak SC. Health-Promoting Properties of Medicinal Mushrooms and Their Bioactive Compounds for the COVID-19 Era-An Appraisal: Do the Pro-Health Claims Measure Up? Molecules. 2022;27(7):2302. Published 2022 Apr 1.

Panda AK, Swain KC. Traditional uses and medicinal potential of Cordyceps sinensis of Sikkim. J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2011;2(1):9-13.

Chen M, Cheung FW, Chan MH, et al. Protective roles of Cordyceps on lung fibrosis in cellular and rat models. J Ethnopharmacol. 2012;143(2):448-454.

Geng P, Siu KC, Wang Z, Wu JY. Antifatigue Functions and Mechanisms of Edible and Medicinal Mushrooms. Biomed Res Int. 2017;2017:9648496. doi:10.1155/2017/9648496

Ahmad MF, Ahmad FA, Khan MI, Alsayegh AA, Wahab S, Alam MI, Ahmed

1. Ganoderma lucidum: A potential source to surmount viral infections through

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Al-Jumaili, Miqdam & K.Y. Al-dulaimi, Fahad & Ajeel, Mohammed. The Role of

Ganoderma lucidum Uptake on Some Hematological and Immunological Response

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Eo SK, Kim YS, Lee CK, Han SS. Antiviral activities of various water and methanol

soluble substances isolated from Ganoderma lucidum. J Ethnopharmacol. 1999

Dec 15;68(1-3):129-36.

Hernández-Márquez E, Lagunas-Martínez A, Bermudez-Morales VH, BurgeteGarcía AI, León-Rivera I, Montiel-Arcos E, García-Villa E, Gariglio P, Madrid-Marina

V V, Ondarza-Vidaurreta RN. Inhibitory activity of Lingzhi or Reishi medicinal

mushroom, Ganoderma lucidum (higher Basidiomycetes) on transformed cells by

human papillomavirus. Int J Med Mushrooms. 2014;16(2):179-87.

Jan JT, Cheng TR, Juang YP, Ma HH, Wu YT, Yang WB, Cheng CW, Chen X, Chou

TH, Shie JJ, Cheng WC, Chein RJ, Mao SS, Liang PH, Ma C, Hung SC, Wong CH.

Identification of existing pharmaceuticals and herbal medicines as inhibitors of

SARS-CoV-2 infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021 Feb 2;118(5):e2021579118.

Li RF, Zhou XB, Zhou HX, Yang ZF, Jiang HM, Wu X, Li WJ, Qiu JJ, Mi JN, Chen M,

Zhong NS, Zhu GY, Jiang ZH. Novel Fatty Acid in Cordyceps Suppresses Influenza

A (H1N1) Virus-Induced Proinflammatory Response Through Regulating Innate

Signaling Pathways. ACS Omega. 2021 Jan 7;6(2):1505-1515.

Lim WZ, Cheng PG, Abdulrahman AY, Teoh TC. The identification of active

compounds in Ganoderma lucidum var. antler extract inhibiting dengue virus

serine protease and its computational studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn. 2020

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Purified From Ganoderma lucidum Acts as a Potent Mucosal Adjuvant That

Promotes Protective Immunity Against the Lethal Challenge With Enterovirus A71.

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Ganoderma lucidum Polysaccharides. AMM 2014;522–524:303–6.

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COVID

Increased genetic contribution to wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic. PLOS Genetics, 2022; 18 (5): e1010135 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010135

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NEWS
Microbiomes of Urine and the Prostate Are Linked to Human Prostate Cancer Risk Groups. Eur Urology Oncology 2022, April 18, https://euoncology.europeanurology.com/article/S2588-9311(22)00056-6/fulltext.

https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/coronavirus-covid-19/symptoms/main-symptoms.

Identifying molecular mediators of the relationship between body mass index and endometrial cancer risk: a Mendelian randomization analysis. BMC Med 2020, 20, 125, Open Access: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-022-02322-3.

Characterizing menstrual bleeding changes occurring after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.
medRxiv 2021,10.11.21264863; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.10.11.21264863.

Long covid: How to define it and how to manage it. BMJ 2020, 370. Rapid responses, doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m3489.

Beriberi may be misdiagnosed as a viral infection. NY Acad. Sci 2018: https://nyaspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/nyas.13919

Fever believed to be caused by viral infections may rather emanate from dysfunction of the hypothalamus with accompanying lack of nitric oxide induced by thiamine deficiency. American J Alzheimer’s Disease & Other Dementia 2008, Jan: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19222143.

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Cardiovascular Risk: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology 2022, 14 Apr: https://doi.org/10.1161/ATV.0000000000000153.

MIKE ASH
Association of adverse childhood experiences with the development of multiple sclerosis. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry Published Online First: 04 April 2022.
Adverse Childhood Experiences and Adult Risk Factors for Age-Related Disease: Depression, Inflammation, and Clustering of Metabolic Risk Markers. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2009;163(12):1135–1143
Improved nutrition in the first 1000 days and adult human capital and health. Am J Hum Biol. 2017;29(2):10.1002/ajhb.22952.
Global burden of maternal and child undernutrition and micronutrient deficiencies. Ann Nutr Metab. 2012;61 Suppl 1:8-17.
Personalised prescribing: using pharmacogenomics to improve patient outcomes. Royal College of Physicians: https://www.rcp.ac.uk/projects/outputs/personalised-prescribing-using-pharmacogenomics-improve-patient-outcomes.
Nutrigenomics, the Microbiome, and Gene-Environment Interactions: New Directions in Cardiovascular Disease Research, Prevention, and Treatment. Circulation: Cardiovascular Genetics 2016;9:291–313: https://doi.org/10.1161/HCG.0000000000000030.
The Human Gutome: Nutrigenomics of Host-Microbiome Interactions.
Front. Genet 2016: https://www.frontiersin.org/research-topics/1816/the-human-gutome-nutrigenomics-of-host-microbiome-interactions#articles.

Dr DAMIEN DOWNING
1. Saul AW (2020) Vitamin C Protects Against Coronavirus. Orthomolecular Medicine News Service. http://orthomolecular.org/resources/omns/v16n04.shtml

2. Front Line COVID-19 Critical Care Alliance: Prevention & Treatment Protocols for COVID-19. (2022) https://covid19criticalcare.com
3. Klenner FR. (1949) The treatment of poliomyelitis and other virus diseases with vitamin C. South Med J, 111:209-214. https://www.seanet.com/~alexs/ascorbate/194x/klenner-fr-southern_med_surg-1949-v111-n7-p209.htm
4. Klenner FR. (1951) Massive Doses of Vitamin C and the Virus Diseases. Presented in the Fifty-second Annual Meeting of the Tri-State Medical Association of the Carolinas and Virginia, held at Columbia, February 19th and 20th, 1951. https://www.seanet.com/~alexs/ascorbate/195x/klenner-fr-southern_med_surg-1951-v103-n4-p101.htm
5. Holford P, Carr AC, Zawari M, Vizcaychipi MP (2021) Vitamin C Intervention for Critical COVID-19: A Pragmatic Review of the Current Level of Evidence. Life, 11:1166. https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/11/11/1166
6. Holford P (2021) Twelve intervention trials conclude that vitamin C works for Covid. So why are hospitals being prohibited from using it? Orthomolecular Medicine News Service. http://www.orthomolecular.org/resources/omns/v17n27.shtml
7. Health Advisory and Recovery Team (2021) COVID-19: the case for supporting the human immune system with vitamin D: Why is this simple vitamin not promoted more? https://www.hartgroup.org/briefing-covid-19-the-case-for-supporting-the-human-immune-system-with-vitamin-d
8. Mohr SB, Gorham ED, Garland CF, et al. (2021) San Diego group studying positive effects of sunlight. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Mohr+SB+Gorham+ED+Garland+CF
9. Lowther M (2020) Why are there fewer nutrients in our food? Orthomolecular Medicine News Service. http://orthomolecular.org/resources/omns/v16n54.shtml
10. Downing D (2020) How we can fix this pandemic in a month. Orthomolecular Medicine News Service. http://orthomolecular.org/resources/omns/v16n49.shtml
11. Power ML, Oftedal OT, Savage A, et al. (1997) Assessing vitamin D status of callitrichids: Baseline data from wild cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus) in Colombia. Zoo Biol 16:39-46. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1098-2361(1997)16:1<39::AID-ZOO6>3.0.CO;2-C
12. Power ML, Dittus, WPJ (2017) Vitamin D status in wild toque macaques (Macaca sinica) in Sri Lanka. Am J Primatol. 79:e22655. http://www.primates.lk/health-vitamin-d-in-wild-monkeys-and-you
13. Vieth R (2006) Critique of the considerations for establishing the tolerable upper intake level for vitamin D: critical need for revision upwards. J Nutr, 136:1117-1122. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16549491

VITAMIN C and IODINE – Dr Sarah Myhill
The Potential of Coconut Oil and its Derivatives as Effective and Safe Antiviral Agents Against the Novel Coronavirus (nCoV-2019), Jan 31, 2020: https://www.icp.org.ph/2020/01/the-potential-of-coconut-oil-and-its-derivatives-as-effective-and-safe-antiviral-agents-against-the-novel-coronavirus-ncov-2019

IHCAN Summit
The pandemic brain: Neuroinflammation in non-infected individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic Brain, Behavior, and Immunity 2022, Vol 102, May, 89-97: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0889159122000472#!.

Oxidized Phospholipids Cause Changes in Jejunum Mucus that Induce Dysbiosis and Systemic Inflammation. Journal of Lipid Research 2021; 100153 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2021.100153.

Gut microbiome alterations and gut barrier dysfunction are associated with host immune homeostasis in COVID-19 patients. BMC Medicine 2022, 20, 24, Open Access: https://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12916-021-02212-0#Abs1.

BIRTHDAY – Solgar
1.         Lugo JP, Saiyed ZM, Lau FC, et al. Undenatured type II collagen (UC-II®) for joint support: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in healthy volunteers. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. Published online 2013. doi:10.1186/1550-2783-10-48

2. Sengupta K, Alluri K V, Satish AR, et al. A double blind, randomized, placebo controlled study of the efficacy and safety of 5-Loxin for treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee. Arthritis Res Ther. 2008;10(4):R85. doi:10.1186/ar2461
3. EFSA NDA Panel (EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies), 2015. Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of a health claim related to vitamin D and contribution to the normal function of the immune system pursuant to Article 14 of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006. EFSA Journal 2015;13(5):4096, 7 pp. doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2015.4096
4. EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA); Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of health claims related to vitamin B12 and red blood cell formation (ID 92, 101), cell division (ID 93), energy-yielding metabolism (ID 99, 190) and function of the immune system (ID 107) pursuant to Article 13(1) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006. EFSA J. 2009;7(10). doi:10.2903/J.EFSA.2009.1223
5. EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA); Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of a health claim related to vitamin A and contribution to normal development and function of the immune system pursuant to Article 14 of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006. EFSA J. 2013;11(7). doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2013.3334
6. Busch R, Gruenwald J, Dudek S. Randomized, Double Blind and Placebo Controlled Study Using a Combination of Two Probiotic Lactobacilli to Alleviate Symptoms and Frequency of Common Cold. Food Nutr Sci. 2013;04(11):13-20. doi:10.4236/fns.2013.411a003
7. Berggren A, Lazou Ahrén I, Larsson N, Önning G. Randomised, double-blind and placebo-controlled study using new probiotic lactobacilli for strengthening the body immune defence against viral infections. Eur J Nutr. Published online 2011. doi:10.1007/s00394-010-0127-6
8. Morgan A, Stevens J. Does bacopa monnieri improve memory performance in older persons? Results of a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. J Altern Complement Med. 2010;16(7):753-759. doi:10.1089/acm.2009.0342
9. Pravina K, Ravindra KR, Goudar KS, et al. Safety evaluation of BacoMind^TM in healthy volunteers: A phase I study. Phytomedicine. 2007;14(5):301-308. doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2007.03.010
10. Barbhaiya HC, Desai RP, Saxena VS, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of BacoMind® on memory improvement in elderly participants – A double blind placebo controlled study. J Pharmacol Toxicol. 2008;3(6):425-434. doi:10.3923/jpt.2008.425.434
11. Schiborr C, Kocher A, Behnam D, Jandasek J, Toelstede S, Frank J. The oral bioavailability of curcumin from micronized powder and liquid micelles is significantly increased in healthy humans and differs between sexes. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2014;0:1-12. doi:10.1002/mnfr.201300724
12. Kocher A, Schiborr C, Behnam D, Frank J. The oral bioavailability of curcuminoids in healthy humans is markedly enhanced by micellar solubilisation but not further improved by simultaneous ingestion of sesamin, ferulic acid, naringenin and xanthohumol. J Funct Foods. 2015;14:183-191. doi:10.1016/j.jff.2015.01.045
13. Kaszkin-Bettag M, Ventskovskiy BM, Solskyy S, et al. Confirmation of the efficacy of ERr 731 in perimenopausal women with menopausal symptoms. Altern Ther Health Med. 2009;15(1):24-34.
14. Kell G, Rao A, Beccaria G, Clayton P, Inarejos-García AM, Prodanov M. affron ® a novel saffron extract ( Crocus sativus L .) improves mood in healthy adults over 4 weeks in a double-blind, parallel, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Complement Ther Med. 2017;33:58-64. doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2017.06.001
15. Dietz BM, Hajirahimkhan A, Dunlap TL, Bolton JL. Botanicals and their bioactive phytochemicals for women’s health. Pharmacol Rev. 2016;68(4):1026-1073. doi:10.1124/pr.115.010843
16. Reddy MB, Armah SM, Stewart JW, O’Brien KO. Iron Absorption from Iron-enriched Aspergillus oryzae is Similar to Ferrous Sulfate in Healthy Female Subjects. Curr Dev Nutr. Published online January 29, 2018. doi:10.1093/cdn/nzy004
17. Bries A, Wang C, Wels B, et al. Assessment of Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Non-transferrin Bound Iron After Oral Ferrous Sulfate and Iron-enriched Aspergillus Oryzae Supplementation in Women (P24-039-19). Curr Dev Nutr. 2019;3(Supplement_1). doi:10.1093/cdn/nzz044.p24-039-19
18. EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA); Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of health claims related to iron and formation of red blood cells and haemoglobin (ID 374, 2889), oxygen transport (ID 255), contribution to normal energy-yielding metabolism (ID 255), reduction of tiredness and fatigue (ID 255, 374, 2889), biotransformation of xenobiotic substances (ID 258), and “activity of heart, liver and muscles” (ID 397) pursuant to Article 13(1) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006. EFSA J. 2010;8(10). doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2010.1740
19. Chandrasekhar K, Kapoor J, Anishetty S. A prospective, randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study of safety and efficacy of a high-concentration full-spectrum extract of Ashwagandha root in reducing stress and anxiety in adults. Indian J Psychol Med. 2012;34(3):255-262. doi:10.4103/0253-7176.106022
20. EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA); Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of a health claim related to riboflavin (vitamin B2) and contribution to normal energy-yielding metabolism pursuant to Article 14 of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006. EFSA J. 2013;11(10). doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2013.3410
21. EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA); Scientific Opinion on substantiation of health claims related to pantothenic acid and energy-yielding metabolism (ID 56, 59, 60, 64, 171, 172, 208), mental performance (ID 57), maintenance of bone (ID 61), maintenance of teeth (ID 61), maintenance of hair (ID 61), maintenance of skin (ID 61), maintenance of nails (ID 61) and synthesis and metabolism of steroid hormones, vitamin D and some neurotransmitters (ID 181) pursuant to Article 13 of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 on request from the European Commission. EFSA Journal 2009; 7(9):1218. [19 pp.]. doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2009.1218
22. Kelly GS. Rhodiola rosea: A possible plant adaptogen. Altern Med Rev. 2001;6(3):293-302.
23. EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA); Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of health claims related to zinc and function of the immune system (ID 291, 1757), DNA synthesis and cell division (ID 292, 1759), protection of DNA, proteins and lipids from oxidative damage (ID 294, 1758), mainte. EFSA J. 2009;7(10):1229. doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2009.1229
24. Marco ML, Heeney D, Binda S, et al. Health benefits of fermented foods: microbiota and beyond. Curr Opin Biotechnol. 2017;44:94-102. doi:10.1016/j.copbio.2016.11.010
25. EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA); Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of health claims related to vitamin D and maintenance of bone and teeth (ID 150, 151, 158), absorption and utilisation of calcium and phosphorus and maintenance of normal blood calcium concentrations (ID 152, 157), cell division (ID 153), and thyroid function (ID 156) pursuant to Article 13(1) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 on request from the European Commission. EFSA Journal 2009; 7(9):1227. [19 pp.]. doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2009.1227
26. Lehmann U, Hirche F, Stangl GI, Hinz K, Westphal S, Dierkes J. Bioavailability of vitamin D2 and D3 in healthy volunteers, a randomized placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013;98(11):4339-4345. doi:10.1210/jc.2012-4287

MAST CELLS
1. COVID-19 and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome, or is it Mast Cell Activation Syndrome?  J Biol Regul Homeost Agents 2020, Sep-Oct, 34(5):1633-1636. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33023287.
2. Mast cell activation symptoms are prevalent in Long-COVID. Int J Infect Dis 2021, Nov;112:217-226. Open Access: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8459548.
3. Potential inhibitor of COVID‐19 main protease (M^pro) from several medicinal plant compounds by molecular docking study. Preprints 2020: https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202003.0226/v1.

4. Rapid identification of potential inhibitors of SARS‐CoV‐2 main protease by deep docking of 1.3 billion compounds.Mol Inform 2020: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7228259/.
   5. Brain “fog”, inflammation and obesity: key aspects of neuropsychiatric disorders improved by luteolin. Front. Neurosci 2015: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2015.00225.
   6. Impact of polyphenols on mast cells with special emphasis on the effect of quercetin and luteolin. Cent Eur J Immunol 2018, 43(4): 476–481. Published online 2018 Dec 31, doi: 10.5114/ceji.2018.81347.
   7. Luteolin supplements: All that glitters is not gold. Biofactors 2021, Mar;47(2):242-244: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33159817.
   8. Endocrine disrupting activities of the flavonoid nutraceuticals luteolin and quercetin. Horm Cancer 2013, October, 4(5): https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3851288/pdf/nihms503557.pdf.

RESEARCH
Micronutrients for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Youths: A Placebo-Controlled Randomized Clinical Trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 2022; 61 (5): 647 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2021.07.005.

Population genomics confirms acquisition of drug-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus infection by humans from the environment. Nat Microbiol 2022 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-022-01091-2.

Experimental colonization with Blastocystis ST4 is associated with protective immune responses and modulation of gut microbiome in a DSS-induced colitis mouse model. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, 2022; 79 (5) DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04271-9.

The gut microbiome influences host diet selection behavior. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2022; 119 (17) DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2117537119.

Pericyte-to-endothelial cell signaling via vitronectin-integrin regulates blood-CNS barrier. Neuron 2022, In Press, Corrected Proof Published online: March 15. https://www.cell.com/neuron/pdf/S0896-6273(22)00184-2.pdf.

NEWS
Sulphoraphane exhibits antiviral activity against pandemic SARS-CoV-2 and seasonal HCoV-OC43 coronaviruses in vitro and in mice. Communications Biology 2022; 5 (1) DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03189-z.
Sulforaphane: Its “Coming of Age” as a Clinically Relevant Nutraceutical in the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Disease. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2019: https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/2716870.
Human gut bacteria produce Τ_Η17-modulating bile acid metabolites. Nature 2022, March 16. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04480-z.
A bacterial bile acid metabolite modulates T_reg activity through the nuclear hormone receptor NR4A1. Cell Host & Microbe 2021, August 19: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2021.07.013.
The prognostic role of micronutrient status and supplements in COVID-19 outcomes: A systematic review. Food Chem Toxicol 2022, Apr; 162: 112901,  doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.112901.
Promising Effects of 3-Month Period of Quercetin Phytosome^® Supplementation in the Prevention of Symptomatic COVID-19 Disease in Healthcare Workers: A Pilot Study. Life (Basel) 2022, Jan 4;12(1):66. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8780248.
Virus-induced senescence is a driver and therapeutic target in COVID-19. Nature 2021, 599, 283–289. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03995-1.
Menopause Is Associated With Postprandial Metabolism, Metabolic Health and Lifestyle: The ZOE PREDICT Study. Lancet 2022 pre-print: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4051462 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4051462.
Immune regulation by fungal strain diversity in inflammatory bowel disease. Nature 2022. DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04502-w.
Comorbidities: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/307143/Comorbidities_framework.pdf.
Prescriptions:
https://pharmaceutical-journal.com/article/news/nhs-survey-reports-almost-half-of-adults-in-england-on-prescription-medicines.

DR CATE SHANAHAN
A (growing) list of references and commentary is online at https://drcate.com/pufa-project. Her books Deep Nutrition: Why Your Genes Need Traditional Food and The Fatburn Fix are fully-referenced (Deep Nutrition has more than 650 citations).
Other relevant resources are: Interesterification leads to elevated glucose: https://dx.doi.org/10.1186%2F1743-7075-4-3.
Refining Steps: http://canola.okstate.edu/canola-info/canolaoilmeal/oilprocessing.pdf, and
https://drcate.com/can-you-really-cook-with-olive-oil.
Eva Södergren’s PhD dissertation is online at http://uu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:160811/FULLTEXT01.pdf. Lipid peroxidation in vivo. Evaluation and application of methods for measurement. Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Medicine 949. 78 pp. Uppsala. ISBN 91-554-4791-0.

ALLERGY

A novel functional mast cell assay for the detection of allergies. Biologics And Immunotherapy 2022, 149, 3: 1018-30.E11, March 1: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2021.08.006.
Projected climate-driven changes in pollen emission season length and magnitude over the continental United States. Nature Communications 2022: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-022-28764-0.
Faecal transfer: Rima Rachid, MD, lead investigator and co-director of the Food Allergy Program at Boston Children’s, presented results February 26 at the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (AAAAI) annual meeting.
Microbiota Therapy Acts Via a Regulatory T Cell MyD88/RORγt Pathway to Suppress Food Allergy. Nature Med 2019, Jul; 25(7): 1164–1174, doi: 10.1038/s41591-019-0461-z.
Quercetin with the potential effect on allergic diseases. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 2020, 16, 36: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13223-020-00434-0.

ANTIOXIDANTS – Lion’s Mane

1. Morris G, Berk M. The many roads to mitochondrial dysfunction in neuroimmune and neuropsychiatric disorders. BMC Med. 2015;13:68.
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Severe Glutathione Deficiency, Oxidative Stress and Oxidant Damage in Adults Hospitalized with COVID-19: Implications for GlyNAC (Glycine and N-Acetylcysteine) Supplementation. Antioxidants, 2021; 11 (1): 50 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010050.

Deficient synthesis of glutathione underlies oxidative stress in aging and can be corrected by dietary cysteine and glycine supplementation. Am J Clin Nutr 2011, Sep; 94 (3): 847-53. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/articles/PMC3155927.

GlyNAC (Glycine and N-Acetylcysteine) Supplementation in Mice Increases Length of Life by Correcting Glutathione Deficiency, Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Abnormalities in Mitophagy and Nutrient Sensing, and Genomic Damage. Nutrients 2022, 14, 1114. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14051114.

GlyNAC Supplementation Improves Glutathione Deficiency, Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Inflammation, Aging Hallmarks, Metabolic Defects, Muscle Strength, Cognitive Decline, and Body Composition: Implications for Healthy Aging  Journal of Nutrition 2021, Dec, 151, 12: 3606–16: https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxab309.

Molecular Interactions of Tannic Acid with Proteins Associated with SARS-CoV-2 Infectivity. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2022; 23 (5): 2643.  DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052643.

RESEARCH
Ketogenic diet and chemotherapy combine to disrupt pancreatic cancer metabolism and growth. Med 2022; 3 (2): 119. DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2021.12.008.
A comparison over 2 decades of disability-free life expectancy at age 65 years for those with long-term conditions in England: Analysis of the 2 longitudinal Cognitive Function and Ageing Studies. PLOS Medicine 2022, 19 (3): e1003936. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003936.
Impact of Alpha-linolenic Acid, the Vegetable Omega-3 Fatty Acid, on Cardiovascular Disease and Cognition. Advances in Nutrition 2022. DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmac016.
Clonal Deletion Prunes but Does Not Eliminate Self-Specific αβ CD8(+) T Lymphocytes. Immunity 2015, 42(5), 929–41: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2015.05.001.
Opposing T cell responses in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Nature 2019, 572, 481–7): https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1467-x.
KIR+CD8+ T cells suppress pathogenic T cells and are active in autoimmune diseases and COVID-19. Science 2022, Mar 8: eabi9591. Epub ahead of print: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abi9591.
Reverse re-modelling chronic heart failure by reinstating heart rate variability. Basic Research in Cardiology 2022; 117 (1). DOI: 10.1007/s00395-022-00911-0.
Daily consumption of cranberry improves endothelial function in healthy adults: a double blind randomized controlled trial. Food & Function 2022. DOI: 10.1039/D2FO00080F.
Preserved stem cell content and innervation profile of elderly human skeletal muscle with lifelong recreational exercise. Journal of Physiology 2022. DOI: 10.1113/JP282677.
Effect of cocoa flavanol supplementation for prevention of cardiovascular disease events: The COSMOS randomized clinical trial. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2022. DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqac055.
Multivitamins in the prevention of cancer and cardiovascular disease: The COSMOS randomized clinical trial. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2022. DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqac056.

Long COVID news extra
Quantitative Chest CT Assessment of Small Airways Disease in Post-Acute SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Radiology 2022. DOI: 10.1148/radiol.212170.
What Are the Long-term Pulmonary Sequelae of COVID-19 Infection? Radiology 2022. DOI: 10.1148/radiol.220449.
Mild COVID-19 imprints a long-term inflammatory eicosanoid- and chemokine memory in monocyte-derived macrophages. Mucosal Immunology 2022. DOI: 10.1038/s41385-021-00482-8.
Exercise as a Moderator of Persistent Neuroendocrine Symptoms of COVID-19. Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews 2022, Publish Ahead of Print. DOI: 10.1249/JES.0000000000000284.

Hannah Braye:

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Lissa Leader:

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Marta Anhelush:

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Graeme Jones:

1. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S096098221731179X
2. https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/6/3061/htm
3. https://journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/ajpgi.00261.2020
4. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7524274/
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6. https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/10/2/188/htm
7. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2019.00188/full
8. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6207154/

Ben Makeham:

(1) 10.1038/s41574-019-0246-y
(2) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6955144/
(3) Xu X, Jia X, Mo L, Liu C, Zheng L, Yuan Q, et al. Intestinal microbiota: A potential target for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Bone Res [Internet]. 2017;5(July):1–18. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/boneres.2017.46
(4) Infante, M., Fabi, A., Cognetti, F. et al. RANKL/RANK/OPG system beyond bone remodeling: involvement in breast cancer and clinical perspectives. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 38, 12 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13046-018-1001-2
(5) https://bmcoralhealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12903-020-01251-y
(6) https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2017.00234/full#:~:text=Osteoclasts%2C%20the%20only%20cells%20with,bone%20tumors%2C%20and%20Paget’s%20disease.
(7) Villa CR, Ward WE, Comelli EM. Gut microbiota-bone axis. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2017;57(8):1664–72.
(8) https://www.jci.org/articles/view/27071
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(10) Ohlsson C, Sjögren K. Effects of the gut microbiota on bone mass. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2015;26(2):69–74.
(11) Ohlsson C, Engdahl C, Fak F, Andersson A, Windahl SH, Farman HH, et al. Probiotics protect mice from ovariectomy-induced cortical bone loss. PLoS One. 2014;9(3).
(12) Zhang J, Lu Y, Wang Y, Ren X, Han J. The impact of the intestinal microbiome on bone health. Intractable Rare Dis Res. 2018;7(3):148–55.

EDITORIAL
Vitamin D supplementation for the treatment of COVID-19: a living systematic review. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2021 May 24;5(5):CD015043, doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD015043. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34029377.

NEWS

Mucosal fungi promote gut barrier function and social behaviour via Type 17 immunity. Cell 2022. DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.01.017.

Could there be a link between oral hygiene and the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infections? Br Dent J 2020, 228, 971–975: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41415-020-1747-8.

Vitamin D and marine omega 3 fatty acid supplementation and incident autoimmune disease: VITAL randomized controlled trial. BMJ 2022, 376 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2021-066452.

Vitamin D and marine omega 3 fatty acid supplementation and incident autoimmune disease: VITAL randomized controlled trial. BMJ 2022: https://www.bmj.com/content/376/bmj-2021-066452.

Disrupted Peyer’s Patch Microanatomy in COVID-19 Including Germinal Centre Atrophy Independent of Local Virus. Frontiers in Immunology, 2022; 13 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.838328.

Cannabidiol for the Reduction of Cue-Induced Craving and Anxiety in Drug-Abstinent Individuals With Heroin Use Disorder: A Double-Blind Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial. Am J Psychiatry 2019, Published Online 21 May: https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2019.18101191.

Clinical significance of micronutrient supplements in patients with coronavirus disease 2019: A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Nutrition ESPEN, 2022; DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.12.033.

Zinc, Vitamin D and Vitamin C: Perspectives for COVID-19 With a Focus on Physical Tissue Barrier Integrity. Front Nutr 2020, Dec: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2020.606398.

Pre-infection 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels and association with severity of COVID-19 illness. PLOS ONE, 2022; 17 (2): e0263069 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263069.

Echinacea as a Potential Force against Coronavirus Infections? A Mini-Review of Randomized Controlled Trials in Adults and Children. Microorganisms 2022, 10, 211. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10020211.
Echinacea purpurea for the Long-term Prevention of Viral Respiratory Tract Infections during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Randomized, Open, Controlled, Exploratory Clinical Study. medRxiv 2021,12.10.21267582; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.12.10.21267582. (Pre-print before peer-review.)

NEWS extra (page 54)
Long-term cardiovascular outcomes of COVID-19. Nature Medicine 2022, DOI: 10.1038/s41591-022-01689-3.
Risk of persistent and new clinical sequelae among adults aged 65 years and older during the post-acute phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection: retrospective cohort study. BMJ 2022, 376, e068414; doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2021-068414 (published 09 February).
Investigating phenotypes of pulmonary COVID-19 recovery – a longitudinal observational prospective multicenter trial. eLife, 2022; 11 DOI: 10.7554/eLife.72500.

EBV – Rose Holmes

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8. Longnecker R, Neipel F (2007) Chapter 22 Introduction to the human γ-herpesviruses, in Human Herpesviruses: Biology, Therapy, and Immunoprophylaxis, Arvin A, Campadelli-Fiume G, Mocarski E, et al, editors. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.  Available online: Introduction to the human γ-herpesviruses – Human Herpesviruses – NCBI Bookshelf (nih.gov)
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20. Bentz GL, Lowrey AJ, Horne DC et al (2019) Using glycyrrhizic acid to target sumoylation processes during Epstein-Barr virus latency. PLOS ONE 14(5):e0217578.

Extras
Ebola virus persistence and disease recrudescence in the brains of antibody-treated nonhuman primate survivors. Science Translational Medicine 2022; 14 (631) DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abi5229.
1. The Association of Low Vitamin K Status with Mortality in a Cohort of 138 Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19. Nutrients 2021, Jun 9;13(6):1985. doi: 10.3390/nu13061985.
2. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04770740?term=vitamin+k2&cond=COVID&draw=2&rank=1

3. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04780061?term=vitamin+k2&cond=COVID&draw=2&rank=2
4. http://www.ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/pmaindet2.php?trialid=45075

SUPERFOODS

Superfoods: Recent Data on their Role in the Prevention of Diseases. Curr Res Nutr Food Sci 2018, DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/CRNFSJ.6.3.02.

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Dr MALCOLM KENDRICK

1: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tight_junction

2: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4836485/

3: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S120197121500106X 4: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021915099004797

4. The role of plaque rupture and thrombosis in coronary artery disease. Atherosclerosis 2000, Apr;149(2):251-66. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10729375.

BONES and JOINTS

Glucosamine and Chondroitin Sulfate: Is There Any Scientific Evidence for Their Effectiveness as Disease-Modifying Drugs in Knee Osteoarthritis Preclinical Studies?-A Systematic Review from 2000 to 2021. Animals (Basel) 2021, May 29;11(6):1608, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34072407.
gp130/STAT3 signaling is required for homeostatic proliferation and anabolism in postnatal growth plate and articular chondrocytes. Communications Biology, 2022; 5 (1) DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02944-y.
Fat Mass Has Negative Effects on Bone, Especially in Men: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of NHANES 2011-2018.  Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 2022, Feb 10, online ahead of print: https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgac040.
The Role of Prunes in Modulating Inflammatory Pathways to Improve Bone Health in Postmenopausal Women. Adv Nutr 2022 Jan 3:nmab162. Epub ahead of print. https://doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmab162.

K2
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RESEARCH update

Tryptophan-derived microbial metabolites activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in tumor-associated macrophages to suppress anti-tumor immunity. Immunity, 2022; 55 (2): 324 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.01.006.

Effect and Tolerability of a Nutritional Supplement Based on a Synergistic Combination of β-Glucans and Selenium- and Zinc-Enriched Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ABB C1^®) in Volunteers Receiving the Influenza or the COVID-19 Vaccine: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. Nutrients 2021, 13(12), 4347; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13124347. Open Access.

Caloric restriction in humans reveals immunometabolic regulators of health span. Science 2022, 10 Feb, 375 (6581), 671-7. DOI: 10.1126/science.abg7292.

WELCOME
From about late March/early April… https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/vitamins-and-minerals/vitamin-d.
“Strong new evidence suggests a virus triggers multiple sclerosis”, by Megan Molteni, Jan 13: https://www.statnews.com/2022/01/13/strong-new-evidence-suggests-virus-triggers-multiple-sclerosis.  

Quercetin and Vitamin C: An Experimental, Synergistic Therapy for the Prevention and Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 Related Disease (COVID-19). Front. Immunol 2020, https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.01451.
Quercetin-induced apoptosis prevents EBV infection. Oncotarget 2015, 6(14):12603-24, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26059439.   

NEWS
Longitudinal analysis reveals high prevalence of Epstein-Barr virus associated with multiple sclerosis. Science 2022, Jan 13, 375 (6578), 296-301: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abj8222.

Increased Serological Response Against Human Herpesvirus 6A Is Associated With Risk for Multiple Sclerosis. Frontiers in Immunology 2019,10. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02715.

Vitamin D, Epstein-Barr virus, and endogenous retroviruses in multiple sclerosis – facts and hypotheses. J Integr Neurosci 2021, Mar 30;20(1):233-238: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33834708.

An investigation into the Effects of Intravenous Vitamin C on Pulmonary CT Findings and Clinical Outcomes of Patients with COVID 19 Pneumonia A Randomized Clinical Trial. Urol J  2021, Nov 8; 6863. https://journals.sbmu.ac.ir/urolj/index.php/uj/article/view/6863. 

Effect of high-dose zinc and ascorbic acid supplementation vs usual care on symptom length and reduction among ambulatory patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection: The COVID A to Z randomized clinical trial. JAMA Network Open. 2021, 4, e210369. 134: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2776305.

Vitamin C may increase the recovery rate of outpatient cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection by 70%: Reanalysis of the COVID A to Z randomized clinical trial. Front. Immunol. 2021, 12, 674681: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.674681/full.
Bias against Vitamin C in Mainstream Medicine: Examples from Trials of Vitamin C for Infections. Life (Basel) 2022, Jan 3;12(1):62. DOI: 10.3390/life12010062.

“Covid-19: FDA expert panel recommends authorising molnupiravir but also voices concerns”. BMJ 2021, 375, doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n2984 (Published 02 December 2021).

Ovalbumin production using Trichoderma reesei culture and low-carbon energy could mitigate the environmental impacts of chicken-egg-derived ovalbumin. Nat Food 2021, 2, 1005–1013: https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-021-00418-2.

Nutritional reprogramming of mouse liver proteome is dampened by metformin, resveratrol, and rapamycin. Cell Metabolism 2021. DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.10.016.

Estimation of the global prevalence of dementia in 2019 and forecasted prevalence in 2050: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. The Lancet Public Health 2022, Jan 6: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanpub/article/PIIS2468-2667(21)00249-8/fulltext.

Cannabidiol inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication through induction of the host ER stress and innate immune responses. Science Advances 2022, Jan 20, https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.abi6110.

Long COVID
Role of proteolytic enzymes in the COVID-19 infection and promising therapeutic approaches. Biochem Pharmacol 2020, Dec;182:114225. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/articles/PMC7501082.

Bromelain inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection via targeting ACE-2, TMPRSS2, and spike protein. Clin Transl Med 2021, Feb;11(2): e281. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/articles/PMC7811777.

An Analysis Based on Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study of Bromelain as Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Variants. Front Pharmacol 2021, Aug 20. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2021.717757.

Bromelain Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 Infection in VeroE6 Cells. bioRxiv 2020, posted as preprint Sept 16. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.16.297366.

The combination of Bromelain and Acetylcysteine (BromAc) synergistically inactivates SARS-CoV-2. bioRxiv 2020, 09.07.286906. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.07.286906.

Rapid vigilance and episodic memory decrements in COVID-19 survivors. Brain Communications 2022, 4:1, fcab295: https://doi.org/10.1093/braincomms/fcab295.

Multiple Early Factors Anticipate Post-Acute COVID-19 Sequelae. Pre-print of study accepted by Cell 2022, Jan 19. DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.01.014.

Frequency of Adverse Events in the Placebo Arms of COVID-19 Vaccine Trials: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5(1):e2143955. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2788172.

Joe Rogan interview with Dr Robert Malone – transcript here:
https://d12t4t5x3vyizu.cloudfront.net/nehls.house.gov/uploads/2022/01/JRE-Rogan-Malone-Transcript.pdf 

LUSTIG
Does Science Advance One Funeral at a Time? 2019. American Economic Review 2019,  109(8), 2889-2920 https://www.nber.org/papers/w21788.
Ultra-processed food targets bone quality via endochondral ossification. Bone Res 2021, 9, 14. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41413-020-00127-9.
“Sweetgreen CEO criticized after connecting the pandemic to unhealthy eating: ‘Incredibly fat-phobic’”: https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2021/09/02/sweetgreen-ceo-jonathan-neman-covid. Sept 2, 2021.
Prevalence of Optimal Metabolic Health in American Adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009–2016. Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders, 2018, doi: 10.1089/met.2018.0105.
Trends in the Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in the United States, 2011-2016. JAMA 2020, 323(24):2526-2528, doi:10.1001/jama.2020.4501.

LEARNING ZONE

Mike Ash
1. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/noncommunicable-diseases

2. Antibiotic resistance—the need for global solutions. Lancet Infect Dis 2013; 13: 1057-1098.

“Omicron is not globally endemic right now…” https://informationisbeautiful.net/visualizations/covid-19-coronavirus-infographic-datapack/?mc_cid=00f56bea52.

“Dysbiosis appears to be a significant contributory factor in the severity of COVID infection…”Gut Reactions: Microbes in the Digestive Tract Influence COVID Severity: https://www.nature.com/articles/d42859-021-00053-8.

3. Gut microbiota composition reflects disease severity and dysfunctional immune responses in patients with COVID-19. Gut 2021 Apr;70(4):698-706.
4. Microbiota Modulation of the Gut-Lung Axis in COVID-19. Front Immunol 2021, 12: 635471: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.635471/full.

   5. https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/635471/fimmu-12-635471-HTML-r1/image_m/fimmu-12-635471-t001.jpg.

5. Daily Lactobacillus Probiotic versus Placebo in COVID-19-Exposed Household Contacts (PROTECT-EHC): A Randomized Clinical Trial. medRxiv 2022: https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.04.21268275.
6. The Influence of a blend of Probiotic Lactobacillus and Prebiotic Inulin on the Duration and Severity of Symptoms among Individuals with Covid-19. Infect Dis Diag Treat 2021, 5: 182. DOI 10.29011/2577-1515.100182.
7. Impact of antibiotics on the human microbiome and consequences for host health. MicrobiologyOpen 2022, 11, e1260: https://doi.org/10.1002/mbo3.1260.
8. Vitamin D and COVID-19: evidence and recommendations for supplementation. R. Soc. Open Sci 2022: https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.201912.
9. Effects of Vitamin D and K on Interleukin-6 in COVID-19. Front. Nutr 2022, Jan 17, 8:761191: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2021.761191/full.
10. Vitamin A: The key to a tolerant immune system? Clinical Education 2010: https://www.clinicaleducation.org/resources/reviews/vitamin-a-the-key-to-a-tolerant-immune-system/
11. Fundamentals of Membrane Lipid Replacement: A Natural Medicine Approach to Repairing Cellular Membranes and Reducing Fatigue, Pain, and Other Symptoms While Restoring Function in Chronic Illnesses and Aging. Membranes 2021, Membranes (Basel) 2021, Dec, 11(12), 944: doi: 10.3390/membranes11120944.

RESEARCH UPDATE
Effect of Urolithin A Supplementation on Muscle Endurance and Mitochondrial Health in Older Adults. JAMA Network Open, 2022; 5 (1): e2144279 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.44279.

Interplay of Dinner Timing and MTNR1B Type 2 Diabetes Risk Variant on Glucose Tolerance and Insulin Secretion: A Randomized Crossover Trial. Diabetes Care 2022. DOI: 10.2337/dc21-1314.

Abundance or stress? Faunal exploitation patterns and subsistence strategies: The case study of Brush Hut 1 at Ohalo II, a submerged 23,000-year-old camp in the Sea of Galilee, Israel. PLOS ONE 2022. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262434.

Population-Based Penetrance of Deleterious Clinical Variants. JAMA 2022; 327 (4): 350. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2021.23686.

Perceived Physical Fatigability Predicts All-Cause Mortality in Older Adults. Journal of Gerontology: Series A 2021. DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glab374.

Late‐life exercise mitigates skeletal muscle epigenetic aging. Aging Cell 2021; 21 (1) DOI: 10.1111/acel.13527.

Vitamin D and marine omega 3 fatty acid supplementation and incident autoimmune disease: VITAL randomized controlled trial. BMJ 2022, Jan 26, 376 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2021-066452.

IN PRACTICE
Twelve‐year sarcopenia trajectories in older adults: results from a population‐based study. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle, 2021; DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12875.

Effect of a Home-Based Exercise Program on Subsequent Falls Among Community-Dwelling High-Risk Older Adults After a Fall: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA 2019; 321(21): 2092–2100, doi:10.1001/jama.2019.5795.

WELCOME

Long COVID or Post-acute Sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC): An Overview of Biological Factors That May Contribute to Persistent Symptoms. Front. Microbiol 2021: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.698169.

NEWS

Diet-induced alteration of intestinal stem cell function underlies obesity and prediabetes in mice. Nature Metabolism, 2021; 3 (9): 1202 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-021-00458-9.
Probiotics Improve Gastrointestinal Function and Life Quality in Pregnancy. Nutrients, 2021; 13 (11): 3931 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113931.
Investigation of Long COVID Prevalence and Its Relationship to Epstein-Barr Virus Reactivation. Pathogens 2021, Jun 17;10(6):763. doi: 10.3390/pathogens10060763.
Positive Epstein-Barr virus detection in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Sci Rep 2021;11(1):10902, May 25. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-90351-y.
Sequelae in Adults at 6 Months After COVID-19 Infection. JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(2):e210830: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2776560.
Persistent dyspnea 1 year after COVID-19 infection in apparently healthy subjects: a potential indicator of subclinical cardiac dysfunction was presented during EuroEcho 2021: https://digital-congress.escardio.org/euroecho/sessions/3489-more-insights-from-imaging-into-outcome-after-covid-19-infection.
Cardiac involvement in consecutive unselected hospitalized COVID-19 population: In-hospital evaluation and one-year follow-up. Int J Cardiol. 2021;339:235–242.
Persistent symptoms and lab abnormalities in patients who recovered from COVID-19. Sci Rep. 2021;11:12775.
SARS-CoV-2 Infects Human Engineered Heart Tissues and Models COVID-19 Myocarditis. J Am Coll Cardiol Basic Trans Science. 2021 Apr, 6 (4) 331–345. https://www.jacc.org/doi/10.1016/j.jacbts.2021.01.002.
Metabolic disorders, COVID-19 and vaccine-breakthrough infections. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2021, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41574-021-00608-9.
COVID-19 Post-Acute Sequelae Among Adults: 12 Month Mortality Risk. Front Med 2021 December: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2021.778434.
Metabolites with SARS-CoV-2 Inhibitory Activity Identified from Human Microbiome Commensals. mSphere 2021, Dec 1: https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mSphere.00711-21.

Magryta
Chronic Hyperglycemia Drives Functional Impairment of Lymphocytes in Diabetic INS^C94Y Transgenic Pigs. Front. Immunol 2021, https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.607473.
Type 2 Diabetes and its Impact on the Immune System. Curr Diabetes Rev. 2020;16(5):442-449. doi: 10.2174/1573399815666191024085838.
Dietary influences on intestinal immunity. Nat Rev Immunol. 2012 Oct;12(10):696-708. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23007570.

IBS

1. Irritable bowel syndrome in adults: diagnosis and management | Guidance and guidelines | NICE.
2. Arzani M, Jahromi SR, Ghorbani Z, et al. Gut-brain Axis and migraine headache: A comprehensive review. J Headache Pain. 2020;21(1). doi:10.1186/s10194-020-1078-9
3. Drossman DA. Functional gastrointestinal disorders: History, pathophysiology, clinical features, and Rome IV. Gastroenterology. 2016;150(6). doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2016.02.032
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5. Young VB. The role of the microbiome in human health and disease: An introduction for clinicians. BMJ. 2017;356. doi:10.1136/bmj.j831
6. Jalanka-Tuovinen J, Salonen A, Nikkilä J, et al. Intestinal microbiota in healthy adults: Temporal analysis reveals individual and common core and relation to intestinal symptoms. PLoS One. 2011;6(7). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0023035
7. Mari A, Abu Baker F, Mahamid M, Sbeit W, Khoury T. The Evolving Role of Gut Microbiota in the Management of Irritable Bowel Syndrome: An Overview of the Current Knowledge. J Clin Med. 2020;9(3). doi:10.3390/jcm9030685
8. Qin J, Li R, Raes J, et al. A human gut microbial gene catalogue established by metagenomic sequencing. Nature. 2010;464(7285):59-65. doi:10.1038/nature08821
9. Weiss GA, Hennet T. Mechanisms and consequences of intestinal dysbiosis. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2017;74(16). doi:10.1007/s00018-017-2509-x
10. Mendall MA, Kumar D. Antibiotic use, childhood affluence and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 1998;10(1):59-62.
11. Zhernakova A, Kurilshikov A, Bonder MJ, et al. Population-based metagenomics analysis reveals markers for gut microbiome composition and diversity. Science (80- ). 2016;352(6285):565-569. doi:10.1126/science.aad3369
12. Kennedy PJ, Cryan JF, Dinan TG, Clarke G. Irritable bowel syndrome: A microbiome-gut-brain axis disorder? World J Gastroenterol. 2014;20(39):14105-14125. doi:10.3748/wjg.v20.i39.14105
13. Marshall JK, Thabane M, Garg AX, Clark WF, Salvadori M, Collins SM. Incidence and Epidemiology of Irritable Bowel Syndrome After a Large Waterborne Outbreak of Bacterial Dysentery. Gastroenterology. 2006;131(2):445-450. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2006.05.053
14. Wang L, Alammar N, Singh R, et al. Gut Microbial Dysbiosis in the Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Case-Control Studies. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2020;120(4). doi:10.1016/j.jand.2019.05.015
15. Hardy H, Harris J, Lyon E, Beal J, Foey AD. Probiotics, prebiotics and immunomodulation of gut mucosal defences: homeostasis and immunopathology. Nutrients. 2013;5(6):1869-1912. doi:10.3390/nu5061869
16. Tejero-Sariñena S, Barlow J, Costabile A, Gibson GR, Rowland I. In vitro evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of a range of probiotics against pathogens: Evidence for the effects of organic acids. Anaerobe. 2012;18(5):530-538. doi:10.1016/j.anaerobe.2012.08.004
17. Simon E, Călinoiu LF, Mitrea L, Vodnar DC. Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics: Implications and beneficial effects against irritable bowel syndrome. Nutrients. 2021;13(6). doi:10.3390/nu13062112
18. Klein A, Friedrich U, Vogelsang H, Jahreis G. Lactobacillus acidophilus 74-2 and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp lactis DGCC 420 modulate unspecific cellular immune response in healthy adults. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2008;62(5):584-593. doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602761
19. Dogi CA, Weill F, Perdigón G. Immune response of non-pathogenic Gram(+) and Gram(-) bacteria in inductive sites of the intestinal mucosa. Study of the pathway of signaling involved. Immunobiology. 2010;215(1):60-69. doi:10.1016/j.imbio.2009.01.005
20. Ríos-Covián D, Ruas-Madiedo P, Margolles A, Gueimonde M, De los Reyes-Gavilán CG, Salazar N. Intestinal short chain fatty acids and their link with diet and human health. Front Microbiol. 2016;7(FEB). doi:10.3389/fmicb.2016.00185
21. Park J, Kim M, Kang SG, et al. Short-chain fatty acids induce both effector and regulatory T cells by suppression of histone deacetylases and regulation of the mTOR-S6K pathway. Mucosal Immunol. 2015;8(1):80-93. doi:10.1038/mi.2014.44
22. Ford AC, Quigley EMM, Lacy BE, et al. Efficacy of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics in irritable bowel syndrome and chronic idiopathic constipation: systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2014;109(10):1547-1562. doi:10.1038/ajg.2014.202
23. Didari T. Effectiveness of probiotics in irritable bowel syndrome: Updated systematic review with meta-analysis. World J Gastroenterol. 2015;21(10):3072. doi:10.3748/wjg.v21.i10.3072
24. Dale HF, Rasmussen SH, Asiller ÖÖ, Lied GA. Probiotics in irritable bowel syndrome: An up-to-date systematic review. Nutrients. Published online 2019. doi:10.3390/nu11092048
25. McKenzie YA, Thompson J, Gulia P, Lomer MCE. British Dietetic Association systematic review of systematic reviews and evidence-based practice guidelines for the use of probiotics in the management of irritable bowel syndrome in adults (2016 update). J Hum Nutr Diet. 2016;29(5):576-592. doi:10.1111/jhn.12386
26. Ishaque SM, Khosruzzaman SM, Ahmed DS, Sah MP. A randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial of a multi-strain probiotic formulation (Bio-Kult®) in the management of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. BMC Gastroenterol. 2018;18(1). doi:10.1186/s12876-018-0788-9

Two microbiota subtypes identified in irritable bowel syndrome with distinct responses to the low FODMAP diet. Gut Published Online First: 22 November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2021-325177.
(Lee et al quoted: Characteristics of fecal metabolic profiles in patients with irritable bowel syndrome with predominant diarrhea investigated using ¹ H-NMR coupled with multivariate statistical analysis. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2020;32:e13830. doi:10.1111/nmo.13830.
Association between Brachyspira and irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhoea. Gut, 2020; gutjnl-2020-321466 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-321466.
The Spirochete Brachyspira pilosicoli, Enteric Pathogen of Animals and Humans. Clinical Microbiology Reviews 2017, DOI: 10.1128/CMR.00087-17.

RESEARCH
Long-Term Air Pollution Exposure and COVID-19 Mortality: A Patient-Level Analysis from New York City. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2021, Dec 9. DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202104-0845OC.
Adverse Events and Labeling Issues Related to Suspected Sesame Allergy Reported in an Online Survey. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2021, Dec 6;S1081-1206(21)01303-X: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34883240.
Combining stretching and gallic acid to decrease inflammation indices and promote extracellular matrix production in osteoarthritic human articular chondrocytes. Exp Cell Res. 2021 Nov 15;408(2):112841. DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112841.
Epithelial cells remove precancerous cells by cell competition via MHC class I–LILRB3 interaction. Nature Immunology 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41590-021-01045-6.
Personal care products: Demographic characteristics and maternal hormones in pregnant women from Puerto Rico. Environmental Research, 2021; 112376 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112376.
Structural basis of DegP protease temperature-dependent activation. Science Advances, 2021; 7 (50) DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj1816.
A hormone complex of FABP4 and nucleoside kinases regulates islet function. Nature, 2021; DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04137-3.

NEWS 
Diet and food type affect urinary pesticide residue excretion profiles in healthy individuals: results of a randomized controlled dietary intervention trial. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2021; nqab308. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqab308

Pre-existing polymerase-specific T cells expand in abortive seronegative SARS-CoV-2. Nature 2021, 599, 543: https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-021-03110-4.

The active grandparent hypothesis: Physical activity and the evolution of extended human healthspans and lifespans. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2021; 118 (50): e2107621118 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2107621118.

The role of plant-based alternative foods in sustainable and healthy food systems: Consumption trends in the UK. Science of The Total Environment, 2021; 151041 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151041

Randomized controlled-feeding study of dietary emulsifier carboxymethylcellulose reveals detrimental impacts on the gut microbiota and metabolome. Gastroenterology, 2021; DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.11.006.

Weeklong improved colour contrasts sensitivity after single 670 nm exposures associated with enhanced mitochondrial function. Scientific Reports, 2021; 11 (1) DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02311-1.

Peripheral microcirculatory alterations are associated with the severity of acute respiratory distress syndrome in COVID-19 patients admitted to intermediate respiratory and intensive care units. Critical Care, 2021; 25 (1) DOI: 10.1186/s13054-021-03803-2.

BEN BROWN

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4. Heaton KW, Radvan J, Cripps H, et al. Defecation frequency and timing, and stool form in the general population: A prospective study. Gut. 1992;33:818–24.
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1. Rao SS, Rattanakovit K, Patcharatrakul T. Diagnosis and management of chronic  constipation in adults. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2016 May;13(5):295-305.
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3. Andromanakos NP, Pinis SI, Kostakis AI. Chronic severe constipation: current pathophysiological aspects, new diagnostic approaches, and therapeutic options. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015 Mar;27(3):204-14.
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11. Christodoulides S, Dimidi E, Fragkos KC, Farmer AD, Whelan K, Scott SM. Systematic review with meta-analysis: effect of fibre supplementation on chronic  idiopathic constipation in adults. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2016 Jul;44(2):103-16.
12. Alsalimy N, Madi L, Awaisu A. Efficacy and safety of laxatives for chronic constipation in long-term care settings: A systematic review. J Clin Pharm Ther.  2018 Oct;43(5):595-605.
13. Paré P, Fedorak RN. Systematic review of stimulant and nonstimulant laxatives  for the treatment of functional constipation. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014 Nov;28(10):549-57.
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BOX:
Worldwide Prevalence and Burden of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders, Results of Rome Foundation Global Study. Gastroenterology 2021; 160 (1) 99-114 e3. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32294476/

MITOCHONDRIA

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WELCOME

https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/water-fluoridation-statement-from-the-uk-chief-medical-officers/statement-on-water-fluoridation-from-the-uk-chief-medical-officers.
Effects of Lifestyle Modification on Patients With Resistant Hypertension: Results of the TRIUMPH Randomized Clinical Trial. Circulation 2021, 144:1212–26, Sept 27. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.055329.
https://www.cbsnews.com/news/half-of-u-s-adults-have-high-blood-pressure-under-new-guidelines.

NEWS
Dental biofilm of symptomatic COVID-19 patients harbours SARS-CoV-2. J Clin Periodontol 2021 Jul;48(7):880-885. DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13471.
Scrubbing Wipes to Dislodge Dental Biofilm Can Remove and Inactivate Viruses from Tooth Surface: Perspectives for Covid-19 Prevention. Biomedical J Scientific Technical Res 2021, July 28.
Mucosal Biofilms Are an Endoscopic Feature of Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Ulcerative Colitis. Gastroenterology 2021, Oct;161(4):1245-1256.e20. Open Access. DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.06.024.
Evidence of transmission from fully vaccinated individuals in a large outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant in Provincetown, Massachusetts. medRxiv 2021.10.20.21265137. https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.20.21265137v1.
Effects of Lifestyle Modification on Patients With Resistant Hypertension: Results of the TRIUMPH Randomized Clinical Trial. Circulation 2021, 144:1212–26, Sept 27. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.055329.
Lactoferrin reduces the risk of respiratory tract infections: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2021 Oct;45:26-32.  DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.08.019.
Aspirin Use is Associated with Decreased Mechanical Ventilation, ICU Admission, and In-Hospital Mortality in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19. Anesthesia & Analgesia, 2020; Published Ahead of Print DOI: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000005292.
The use of aspirin for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease is associated with a lower likelihood of COVID-19 infection. FEBS J 2021, 288: 5179-5189. https://doi.org/10.1111/febs.15784.

BEN BROWN – Atopic dermatitis

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GUT research update

Ruminiclostridium 5, Parabacteroides distasonis, and bile acid profile are modulated by prebiotic diet and associate with facilitated sleep/clock realignment after chronic disruption of rhythms. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity 2021, 97: 150. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.07.006.
T cell protein tyrosine phosphatase protects intestinal barrier function by restricting epithelial tight junction remodeling. J Clin Invest 2021 Sep 1;131(17):e138230. DOI: 10.1172/JCI138230.
Aberrant gut-microbiota-immune-brain axis development in premature neonates with brain damage. Cell Host & Microbe, 2021; DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2021.08.004.
Genomic and functional characterization of a mucosal symbiont involved in early-stage colorectal cancer. Cell Host & Microbe 2021; DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2021.08.013.
Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 Protects against Antibiotic-Induced Functional and Compositional Changes in Human Fecal Microbiome. Nutrients 2021; 13 (8): 2814 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082814.
Acetate enhances IgA. Nat Immunol 2021, 22, 1071. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41590-021-01015-y.
Acetate differentially regulates IgA reactivity to commensal bacteria. Nature, 2021; DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03727-5.
Gut microbial metabolites limit the frequency of autoimmune T cells and protect against type 1 diabetes. Nat Immunol 2017, May;18(5):552-562, doi: 10.1038/ni.3713.
Metabolite-based dietary supplementation in human type 1 diabetes is associated with microbiota and immune modulation. medRxiv 2021,.09.15.21263059; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.09.15.21263059.
Bioaccumulation of therapeutic drugs by human gut bacteria. Nature, 2021; DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03891-8.

LYME and BIOFILMS – Dr Marina Macdonald

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Boxes:

Bacterial Biofilm and its Role in the Pathogenesis of Disease. Antibiotics (Basel)  2020;9(2):59. DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9020059.
Effects of a Novel Probiotic Combination on Pathogenic Bacterial-Fungal Polymicrobial Biofilms. mBio 2019; DOI: 10.1128/mBio.00338-19.
Bacteriome and Mycobiome Interactions Underscore Microbial Dysbiosis in Familial Crohn’s Disease. mBio 2016, 7 (5): https://journals.asm.org/doi/full/10.1128/mbio.01250-16.

RESEARCH update

Dietary DHA prevents cognitive impairment and inflammatory gene expression in aged male rats fed a diet enriched with refined carbohydrates. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 2021; 98: 198 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.08.214.
An immunogenomic phenotype predicting behavioral treatment response: Toward precision psychiatry for mothers and children with trauma exposure. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity 2021, ISSN 0889-1591, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2021.07.012.
Phthalates and attributable mortality: A population-based longitudinal cohort study and cost analysis. Environmental Pollution 2021, 118021, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118021.

Prevalence of Subclinical Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis in the General Population. Circulation 2021, Sep 21;144(12):916-929. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.055340.
Microbiota from young mice counteracts selective age-associated behavioral deficits. Nature Aging, 2021; DOI: 10.1038/s43587-021-00093-9.
Migraine improvement during short lasting ketogenesis: A proof-of-concept study. European Journal of Neurology 2014, 22. 10.1111/ene.12550.
Genetic Profile of Endotoxemia Reveals an Association With Thromboembolism and Stroke. Journal of the American Heart Association 2021; 0:e022482, Oct 20. https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.121.022482.
Nitric oxide controls proliferation of Leishmania major by inhibiting the recruitment of permissive host cells. Immunity 2021, ISSN 1074-7613, online Oct 22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2021.09.021.
The effect of nitric-oxide-related supplements on human performance. Sports Med. 2012 Feb 1;42(2):99-117. DOI: 10.2165/11596860-000000000-00000.
Possible Involvement of Adipose Tissue in Patients With Older Age, Obesity, and Diabetes With Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Infection (COVID-19) via GRP78 (BIP/HSPA5): Significance of Hyperinsulinemia Management in COVID-19. Diabetes  2021 (Oct), db201094. https://doi.org/10.2337/db20-1094.
Cold exposure protects from neuroinflammation through immunologic reprogramming. Cell Metabolism 2021, October 22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2021.10.002.
Voluntary activation of the sympathetic nervous system and attenuation of the innate immune response in humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2014, 111(20):7379-7384, doi: 10.1073/pnas.1322174111.
Efficacy and tolerability of the ketogenic diet and its variations for preventing migraine in adolescents and adults: a systematic review. Nutr Rev 2021 Oct 19: nuab080. DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuab080.

Lissa Leader:

1. Yousef, H., Alhajj, M., Sharma, S. ‘Anatomy, Skin (Integument), Epidermis’. [Updated 2020 Mar 29]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2020 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470464/
2. Salem, I., Ramser, A., Isham, N., and Ghannoum, MA (2018).’The Gut Microbiome as a Major Regulator of the Gut-Skin Axis’. Front. Microbiol. 9:1459. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01459
3. Murphrey, MB., Miao, JH., Zito, PM. ‘Histology, Stratum Corneum’. [Updated 2021 May 10]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2021 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513299/
4. West, H. C., & Bennett, C. L. (2018). ‘Redefining the Role of Langerhans Cells as Immune Regulators Within the Skin’. Frontiers in immunology, 8, 1941. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2017.01941
5. Wikramanayake, TC., Stojadinovic, O., and Marjana, TC (2014). ‘Epidermal Differentiation in Barrier Maintenance and Wound Healing’. Advances in Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2014 Mar 1; 3(3): 272–280. doi: 10.1089/wound.2013.0503
6. Byrd, A., Belkaid, Y. & Segre, J. ‘The Human Skin Microbiome’. Nat Rev Microbiol 16, 143–155 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro.2017.157
7. Lee, SY., Lee, E., Park, YM., Hong, SJ. ‘Microbiome in the Gut-Skin Axis in Atopic Dermatitis’. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 2018; 10(4): 354-362. doi:10.4168/aair.2018.10.4.354
8. Berger, A. ‘Th1 and Th2 Responses: What are They?’. BMJ. 2000; 321(7258): 424. doi:10.1136/bmj.321.7258.424
9. Rendon, A., Schäkel, K., ‘Psoriasis Pathogenesis and Treatment’. Int J Mol Sci. 2019; 20(6): 1475. Published 2019 Mar 23. doi:10.3390/ijms20061475
10. Visser, MJE., Kell, DB., Pretorius, E., ‘Bacterial Dysbiosis and Translocation in Psoriasis Vulgaris’. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2019; 9:7. Published 2019 Feb 4. doi:10.3389/fcimb.2019.00007
11. Jäger, A., Kuchroo, VK. ‘Effector and Regulatory T-cell Subsets in Autoimmunity and Tissue Inflammation’. Scand J Immunol. 2010; 72(3): 173-184. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3083.2010.02432.x
12. Vaughn, AR., Notay, M., Clark, AK., Sivamani, RK. ‘Skin-Gut Axis: The Relationship Between Intestinal Bacteria and Skin Health’. World J Dermatol 2017; 6(4): 52-58 https://dx.doi.org/10.5314/wjd.v6.i4.52
13. Lambring, C. B., Siraj, S., Patel, K., Sankpal, U. T., Mathew, S., & Basha, R. (2019). ‘Impact of the Microbiome on the Immune System’. Critical reviews in immunology, 39(5), 313–328. https://doi.org/10.1615/CritRevImmunol.2019033233
14. Ellis SR, Nguyen M, Vaughn AR, et al. ‘The Skin and Gut Microbiome and its Role in Common Dermatologic Conditions’. Microorganisms 2019; 7(11): 550. Published 2019 Nov 11. doi:10.3390/microorganisms7110550 

Adrienne Benjamin:

[1] https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20210913-the-little-known-virus-that-surged-in-children-this-summer

2 Fonseca W, Lukacs NW & Ptaschinski C 2018. Factors Affecting the Immunity to Respriatory Syncytial Virus: From Epigenetics to Microbiome. Front Immunol (Feb 2018)

3 Lambert L et al 2014. Immunity to RSV in Early-Life. Front Immunol 5:466

4 Breton CV et al 2009. Prenatal tobacco smoke exposure affects global and gene-specific DNA methylation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 180:462–7

5 Haberg SE et al 2009. Folic acid supplements in pregnancy and early childhood respiratory health. Arch Dis Child 94:180–4

6 Kristensen K et al (2015). Caesarean section and hospitalization for respiratory syncytial virus infection: a population-based study. Pediatr Infect Dis J (2015) 34:145–8

7 Vissers M, de Groot R, & Ferwerda G (2014). Severe viral respiratory infections: are bugs bugging? Mucosal Immunol (2014) 7:227–38

8 Wiertsema SP 2021. The Interplay between the Gut Microbiome and the Immune System in the Context of Infectious Diseases throughout life and the Role of Nutrition in Optimizing Treatment Strategies. Nut 13;886

9 Aagaard K et al 2014 The placenta harbors a unique microbiome. Sci Transl Med 6:237ra265

1⁰ Rautava S et al 2012 Microbial contact during pregnancy, intestinal colonization and human disease. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol Oct 9(10):565-76

^1[1] Ker J & Hartert TV 2009. The atopic march: what’s the evidence? Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 103:282–9.

1² Allen SJ et al 2014 Probiotics in the prevention of eczema: a randomised controlled trial. Arch Dis Child 0:1-6

¹³ Kalliomäki M et al 2001. Probiotics in primary prevention of atopic disease: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 357: 1076-1079

^[1]4 Kim JY et al 2010 Effect of probiotic mix (Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium lactis, Lactobacillus acidophilus) in the primary prevention of eczema: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 21: e386-e393

[1]⁵ Enaud R et al 2020. The Gut-Lung Axis in Health and Respiratory Diseases: A Place for Inter-Organ and Inter-Kingdom Crosstalks. Front Cell Infect Microbiol https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2020.00009

1⁶ Madan JC et al 2012. Serial analysis of the gut and respiratory microbiome in cystic fibrosis in infancy: interaction between intestinal and respiratory tracts and impact of nutritional exposures. MBio 3, e00251–12

1⁷ Gollwitzer ES et al 2014. Lung microbiota promotes tolerance to allergens in neonates via PD-L1. Nat. Med. 20, 642–647

18 Chiu L et al 2017. Protective microbiota: from localized to long-reaching co-immunity. Front. Immunol. 8:1678

[1]9 Ipci K et al 2017. The possible mechanisms of the human microbiome in allergic diseases. Eur. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol. 274, 617–626

20 Hauptmann M & Schaible UE 201). Linking microbiota and respiratory disease. FEBS Lett. 590, 3721–3738

21 Anand, S & Mande, SS 2018. Diet, microbiota and gut-lung connection. Front. Microbiol. 9:2147

22 De Filippo C et al 2010. Impact of diet in shaping gut microbiota revealed by a comparative study in children from Europe and rural Africa. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 107, 14691–14696

23 Garaiova I 2021. Probiotics with vitamin C for the prevention of upper respiratory tract symptoms in children aged 3-10 years: randomised controlled trial. Ben Microbes DOI 10.3920/BM2020.0185 

Gayathri Neault:

1. Defining the Human Microbiome K Ursell, Jessica L Metcalf, Laura Wegener Parfrey, Rob Knight
2. Gut Bacteria and mind control: to fix your brain, fix your gut!                                                                                                                                Professor Simon Carding, Norwich Medical School
3. Current Understanding of Dysbiosis in Disease in Human and Animal Models Arianna K. DeGruttola, B.S., Daren Low, Ph.D.,  Atsushi Mizoguchi, M.D., Ph.D.,² and Emiko Mizoguchi, M.D., Ph.D.
4. Microbial syntrophy: interaction for the common good                                                                                                                     Brandon E. L. Morris, Ruth Henneberger, Harald Huber, Christine Moissl-Eichinger
5. From Dietary Fiber to Host Physiology: Short-Chain Fatty Acids as Key Bacterial Metabolites Ara Koh, Filipe De Vadder, Petia Kovatcheva-Datchary, Fredrik Backhed
6. Role of Normal Gut Microbiota Sai Manasa Jandhyala, Rupjyoti Talukdar, Chivkula Subramanyam, Harish Vuyyuru, Mitnala Sasikala and D Nageshwar Reddy
7. Macronutrient metabolism by the human gut microbiome: major fermentation by-products and their impact on host health Kaitlyn Oliphant & Emma Allen-Vercoe
8. Dysfunction of the Intestinal Microbiome in inflammatory bowel disease and treatment Xochitl C Morgan, Timothy L Tickle, Harry Sokol, Dirk Gevers, Kathryn L Devaney, Doyle V Ward, Joshua A Reyes, Samir A Shah, Neal LeLeiko, Scott B Snapper, Athos Bousvaros, Joshua Korzenik, Bruce E Sands, Ramnik J Xavier, Curtis Huttenhower
9. Embracing the Gut Microbiota: the new frontier for inflammatory and infectious diseases                                                                           Lieke WJ van den Elsen,  Hazel C Poyntz,  Laura S Weyrich,  Wayne Young,  Elizabeth E Forbes-Blom
10. The Immune Response to Prevotella bacteria in chronic inflammatory disease                                                                                Jeppe Madura Larsen
11. The Structure and Function of the Human Small Intestinal Microbiota: Current Understanding and Future Directions                                                                                                                                                                                                     Arthur J Kastl Jr., Natalie A Terry, Gary D Wu, Lindsey G Albenberg
12. The Duodenal Microbiome is altered in small intestinal bacterial overgrowth
13. Effects of Probiotics on gut microbiota: mechanisms of intestinal immunomodulation and neuromodulation Peera Hemarajata, James Versalovic

Samuel Peters:

Amaral, J. F., Foschetti, D. A., Assis, F. A., Menezes, J. S., Vaz, N. M., & Faria, A. M. C. (2006). Immunoglobulin production is impaired in protein-deprived mice and can be restored by dietary protein supplementation. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 39(12), 1581–1586. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-879X2006005000045

Arsenescu, R., Bruno, M. E. C., Rogier, E. W., Stefka, A. T., McMahan, A. E., Wright, T. B., … & Kaetzel, C. S. (2008). Signature biomarkers in Crohn’s disease: toward a molecular classification. Mucosal immunology, 1(5), 399-411.

Jeong, S. C., Koyyalamudi, S. R., & Pang, G. (2012). Dietary intake of Agaricus bisporus white button mushroom accelerates salivary immunoglobulin A secretion in healthy volunteers. Nutrition, 28(5), 527-531.

Li, Y., Jin, L., & Chen, T. (2020). The Effects of Secretory IgA in the Mucosal Immune System. BioMed Research International, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/2032057

Lima, M. S., Ribeiro, P. P., Medeiros, J. M., Silva, I. F., Medeiros, A. C., & Dimenstein, R. (2012). Influence of postpartum supplementation with vitamin A on the levels of immunoglobulin A in human colostrum. Jornal de pediatria, 88(2), 115–118. https://doi.org/10.2223/JPED.2162

Mantis, N. J., Rol, N., & Corthésy, B. (2011). Secretory IgA’s Complex Roles in Immunity and Mucosal Homeostasis in the Gut. Mucosal Immunology, 4(6), 603. https://doi.org/10.1038/MI.2011.41

Pabst, O., & Slack, E. (2019). IgA and the intestinal microbiota: the importance of being specific. Mucosal Immunology 2019 13:1, 13(1), 12–21. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41385-019-0227-4

Palma, M. L., Zamith-Miranda, D., Martins, F. S., Bozza, F. A., Nimrichter, L., Montero-Lomeli, M., … & Douradinha, B. (2015). Probiotic Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains as biotherapeutic tools: is there room for improvement?. Applied microbiology and biotechnology, 99(16), 6563-6570.

Phillips, L. K., & Horowitz, M. (2006). Stressful life events are associated with low secretion rates of immunoglobulin A in saliva in the middle aged and elderly. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 20(2), 191–197. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BBI.2005.06.006

Pritchard, B. T., Stanton, W., Lord, R., Petocz, P., & Pepping, G.-J. (2017). Factors Affecting Measurement of Salivary Cortisol and Secretory Immunoglobulin A in Field Studies of Athletes. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 0(JUL), 168. https://doi.org/10.3389/FENDO.2017.00168

Ren, W., Wang, K., Yin, J., Chen, S., Liu, G., Tan, B., … Yin, Y. (2016). Glutamine-Induced Secretion of Intestinal Secretory Immunoglobulin A: A Mechanistic Perspective. Frontiers in Immunology, 7(NOV), 503. https://doi.org/10.3389/FIMMU.2016.00503

Sirisinha, S. (2015). The pleiotropic role of vitamin A in regulating mucosal immunity. Asian Pacific journal of allergy and immunology, 33(2).

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Richard Stead:

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² “Defining Dysbiosis for a Cluster of Chronic Diseases”, Lamont J. Wilkins, Manoj Monga & Aaron W. Miller, Scientific Reports Volume 9, Article number: 12918 (2019), https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-49452-y#citeas

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Anne Catherine Færgemann:

^[1] https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2018.00197/full

² https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4253991/

³ https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2018.00197/full

⁴ https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10522-015-9571-2

⁵ https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullarticle/2130724

⁶ https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0092867415001865

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⁸ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4603531/

⁹ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2515351/

¹⁰ https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/leaky-gut-syndrome/

¹¹ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6996528/

¹² https://www.ifm.org/news-insights/gut-fasanos-triad-trajectory-autoimmunity/

¹³ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6996528/

¹⁴ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4425030/

¹⁵ https://www.nature.com/articles/mi201141

¹⁶ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3153567/

¹⁷ https://www.nature.com/articles/mi201141

¹⁸ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26739713/

¹⁹ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24584841/

²⁰ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4253991/

²¹ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5301368/

²² https://gut.bmj.com/content/47/6/861

²³ https://microbiomejournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40168-019-0704-8

²⁴ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9361838/

²⁵ https://www.nature.com/articles/s41577-019-0132-9

²⁶ https://www.cell.com/immunity/pdfExtended/S1074-7613(18)30566-#:~:text=Butyrate%20educates%20developing%20macrophages%20via,as%20well%20as%20systemic%20infection.

²⁷ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30322146/

²⁸ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6884350/#R11

²⁹ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9200287/

³⁰ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6074204/

³¹ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4311561/

³² https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7670038/

³³ https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2020.556729/full

³⁴ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5834427/

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Jordan Haworth:

1. Tam, C.C., Rodrigues, L.C., Viviani, L., Dodds, J.P., Evans, M.R., Hunter, P.R., Gray, J.J., Letley, L.H., Rait, G., Tompkins, D.S., Brien, S.J.: Longitudinal study of infectious intestinal disease in the UK (IID2 study): incidence in the community and presenting to general practice. Gut 61(1), 69 (2012). doi:10.1136/gut.2011.238386
2. Klem, F., Wadhwa, A., Prokop, L.J., Sundt, W.J., Farrugia, G., Camilleri, M., Singh, S., Grover, M.: Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Outcomes of Irritable Bowel Syndrome After Infectious Enteritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Gastroenterology 152(5), 1042-1054.e1041 (2017). doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2016.12.039
3. Berumen, A., Lennon, R., Breen-Lyles, M., Griffith, J., Patel, R., Boxrud, D., Decuir, M., Farrugia, G., Smith, K., Grover, M.: Characteristics and Risk Factors of Post-Infection Irritable Bowel Syndrome After Campylobacter Enteritis. Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association 19(9), 1855-1863.e1851 (2021). doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2020.07.033
4. Kim, J.H., Nam, S.-J., Park, S.C., Lee, S.H., Kim, T.S., Lee, M., Park, J.M., Choi, D.H., Kang, C.D., Lee, S.J., Ryu, Y.J., Lee, K., Park, S.Y.: Association between interstitial cells of Cajal and anti-vinculin antibody in human stomach. Korean J Physiol Pharmacol 24(2), 185-191 (2020). doi:10.4196/kjpp.2020.24.2.185
5. Takakura, W., Pimentel, M.: Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth and Irritable Bowel Syndrome – An Update. Frontiers in Psychiatry 11(664) (2020). doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00664
6. Leite, G., Morales, W., Weitsman, S., Celly, S., Parodi, G., Mathur, R., Barlow, G.M., Sedighi, R., Millan, M.J.V., Rezaie, A., Pimentel, M.: The duodenal microbiome is altered in small intestinal bacterial overgrowth. PLOS ONE 15(7), e0234906 (2020). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0234906
7. McFarland, L.V., Goh, S.: Are probiotics and prebiotics effective in the prevention of travellers’ diarrhea: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Travel medicine and infectious disease 27, 11-19 (2019). doi:10.1016/j.tmaid.2018.09.007
8. Constante, M., De Palma, G., Lu, J., Jury, J., Rondeau, L., Caminero, A., Collins, S.M., Verdu, E.F., Bercik, P.: Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 modulates the microbiota–gut–brain axis in a humanized mouse model of Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Neurogastroenterology & Motility 33(3), e13985 (2021). doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.13985

Andrew XXXX:

[1]          https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9925120/

[1] https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322732961_The_Interaction_Between_Insoluble_and_Soluble_Fiber

[1]          https://encyclopedia.pub/10718

[1]             Ibid

[1]             Henderson, A.J.; Ollila, C.A.; Kumar, A.; Borresen, E.C.; Raina, K.; Agarwal, R.; Ryan, E.P. Chemopreventive properties of dietary rice bran: Current status and future prospects. Adv. Nutr. 2012, 3, 643–653.

[1]          Ghoneum, M. Enhancement of human natural killer cell activity by modified arabinoxylane from rice bran (MGN-3). Int. J. Immunother. 1998, 14, 89–99.

[1]          Ghoneum, M.; Brown, J. NK Immunorestoration and cancer patients by MGN-3, a modified aracbynoxylan rice bran (Study of 32 patients followed for up to 4 years). In Anti-Aging Medical Therapeutics Vol III; Klatz, R.M., Goldman, R., Eds.; Health Quest Publications: Marina del Rey, CA, USA, 1999; Chapter 30; pp. 217–226.

[1]          Ghoneum, M.; Agrawal, S. MGN-3 enhances generation of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells via upregulation of DEC-205 expression on dendritic cells. Int. J. Immunopathol. Pharmacol. 2014, 27, 523–530.

[1]          Lissoni, P.; Messina, G.; Brivio, F.; Fumagalli, L.; Rovelli, F.; Maruelli, L.; Miceli, M.; Marchiori, P.; Porro, G.; Held, M.; et al. Modulation of the anticancer immunity by natural agents: Inhibition of T regulatory lymphocyte generation by arabinoxylan in patients with locally limited or metastatic solid tumors. Cancer Ther. 2008, 6, 1011–1016.

[1]          Ghoneum, M. From bench to bedside: The growing use of arabinoxylan rice bran in cancer immunotherapy. Austin Immunol. 2016, 1, 1006.

[1]          Ichihashi, K. Experience with administration of BioBran in patients with chronic rheumatism. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 2004, 14, 459–463

[1]          Noaman, E.; Badr El-Din, N.K.; Bibars, M.A.; Abou Mossallam, A.A.; Ghoneum, M. Antioxidant potential by arabinoxylan rice bran, MGN-3, represents a mechanism for its oncostatic effect against murine solid Ehrlich carcinoma. Cancer Lett. 2008, 268, 348–359.

[1]          Zhu, X.; Okubo, A.; Igari, N.; Ninomiya, K.; Egashira, Y. Modified rice bran hemicellulose inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor-induced angiogenesis in vitro via VEGFR2 and its downstream signaling pathways. Biosci. Microbiota Food Health 2017, 36, 45–53.

[1]          Hong, S. Development of immunostimulation materials from rice bran. Food Ind. Nutr. 2005, 10, 42–47.

[1]          The summary of MGM-3. In MGN-3 (Rice Bran Arabinoxylan Compound): Basic and Clinical Application to Integrative Medicine, 2nd ed.; BioBran Research Foundation: Tokyo, Japan, 2013; Chapter I-1; pp. 3–8.

[1]          Ghoneum  M,  Brown  J.  NK  immunorestoration  of  cancer  patients  by  MGN-3, a modified arabinoxylan rice bran (study of 32 patients followed for up to 4 years). Watson RR, Preedy V, Zibadi S. In: Wheat and rice in disease prevention  and  health.  Anti-aging  medical  therapeutics.  Vol.  III.  Klatz  R, Goldman R. 1999; 217-226.

[1]          14. Ghoneum M. Immunostimulation and cancer prevention. 7th Int Congress on Anti-aging and Biomedical Technologies. December 11th-13th; Las Vegas, NV USA. 1999.

[1]          Effect of Long-term Administration of Immunomodulatory Food on Cancer Patients Completing Conventional Treatments. Hiroshi Tsunekawa, Tsunekawa Gastrointestinal Clinic, published in Clinical Pharmacology and Therapy Vol. 14/No.3.

[1]          Oral administration of hydrolyzed rice bran prevents the common cold syndrome in the elderly based on its immunomodulatory action. H. Maeda, K. lchihashi, T. Fujii, K. Omura, X. Zhu, M. Anazawa and K. Tazawa. BioFactors 21 (2004) 185-187

[1]          Arabinoxylan rice bran suppresses the viremia level in patients with chronic HCV infection: A randomized trial. Hosny Salama, Eman Medhat, Magda Shaheen, Abdel-Rahman N Zekri, Tarneem Darwish and Mamdooh Ghoneum. International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology 1-7, 2016

[1]          Controlled pilot study for cancer patients suffering from chronic fatigue syndrome due to chemotherapy treated with BioBran (MGN-3- Arabinoxylane) and targeted radiofrequency heat therapy. Gabriel Petrovics, Gyula Szigeti, Szilárd Hamvas, Ágnes Máté, József Betlehem, Gabriella Hegyi. European Journal of Integrative Medicine,(607) 2016

[1]          The Effect of a Hydrolyzed Polysaccharide Dietary Supplement on Biomarkers in Adults with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. John E. Lewis , Steven E. Atlas, Oscar L. Higuera, Andrea Fiallo, Ammar Rasul, Ashar Farooqi, Olga Kromo, Laura A. Lantigua, Eduard Tiozzo , Judi M. Woolger, Sharon Goldberg, Armando Mendez , Allan E. Rodriguez, and Janet Konefal. Hindawi: Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Article ID 1751583. 2018

WELCOME

https://www.kingsfund.org.uk/projects/time-think-differently/trends-disease-and-disability-long-term-conditions-multi-morbidity.

Cholesterol jabs: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/indevelopment/gid-ta10703/documents.

An appeal for an objective, open, and transparent scientific debate about the origin of SARS-CoV-2. The Lancet 2021, September 17: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02019-5

NEWS

“Good for you, good for us, good for everybody A plan to reduce overprescribing to make patient care better and safer, support the NHS, and reduce carbon emissions”. Department of Health and Social Care. September 22, 2021: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1019475/good-for-you-good-for-us-good-for-everybody.pdf.

theguardian.com/society/2021/sep/22/government-review-finds-10-of-drugs-dispensed-in-england-are-pointless

Diet quality and risk and severity of COVID-19: a prospective cohort study. Gut 2021. Published Online First: 06 September, doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-325353.

A randomized controlled trial of pharmacist-led therapeutic carbohydrate and energy restriction in type 2 diabetes. Nat Commun 202, 12, 5367. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-25667-4.

Language extinction triggers the loss of unique medicinal knowledge. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences  2021, 118 (24) e2103683118; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2103683118.

The carbohydrate-insulin model: a physiological perspective on the obesity pandemic. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2021; DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab270.

Gary Taubes quotes from “How a ‘fatally, tragically flawed’ paradigm has derailed the science of obesity”. STAT, Sept 13, 2021: https://www.statnews.com/2021/09/13/how-a-fatally-tragically-flawed-paradigm-has-derailed-the-science-of-obesity.

An observational and Mendelian randomisation study on vitamin D and COVID-19 risk in UK Biobank. Scientific Reports 2021, 11, 18262: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-97679-5.

COVID data
https://www.england.nhs.uk/statistics/statistical-work-areas/covid-19-hospital-activity.
PHE data reported in the Evening Standard, August 20: https://www.standard.co.uk/news/uk/england-delta-donald-trump-government-public-health-england-b951620.html.

Melatonin multifaceted pharmacological actions on melatonin receptors converging to abrogate COVID-19. J Pineal Res 2021, Aug; 71(1):e12732. DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12732.

Effects of Intermittent Fasting on Health, Aging, and Disease. New England Journal of Medicine 2019; 381 (26): 2541 DOI: 10.1056/NEJMra1905136.
Time-restricted eating for the prevention and management of metabolic diseases. Endocrine Reviews, 2021; DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnab027.

BEN BROWN

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6. Costello RB, Elin RJ, Rosanoff A, Wallace TC, Guerrero-Romero F, Hruby A, Lutsey PL, Nielsen FH, Rodriguez-Moran M, Song Y, Van Horn LV. Perspective: The Case for an Evidence-Based Reference Interval for Serum Magnesium: The Time Has Come. Adv Nutr. 2016 Nov 15;7(6):977-993. doi: 10.3945/an.116.012765. PMID: 28140318; PMCID: PMC5105038.
7. Fan L, Zhu X, Rosanoff A, Costello RB, Yu C, Ness R, Seidner DL, Murff HJ, Roumie CL, Shrubsole MJ, Dai Q. Magnesium Depletion Score (MDS) Predicts Risk of Systemic Inflammation and Cardiovascular Mortality among US Adults. J Nutr. 2021 Aug 7;151(8):2226-2235. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxab138. PMID: 34038556; PMCID: PMC8349125.
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10. Fontes JD, Rahman F, Lacey S, Larson MG, Vasan RS, Benjamin EJ, Harris WS, Robins SJ. Red blood cell fatty acids and biomarkers of inflammation: a cross-sectional study in a community-based cohort. Atherosclerosis. 2015 Jun;240(2):431-6.
11. Farzaneh-Far R, Harris WS, Garg S, Na B, Whooley MA. Inverse association of erythrocyte n-3 fatty acid levels with inflammatory biomarkers in patients with stable coronary artery disease: The Heart and Soul Study. Atherosclerosis. 2009 Aug;205(2):538-43. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2008.12.013. Epub 2008 Dec 14. PMID: 19185299; PMCID: PMC2717185.
12. Fontes JD, Rahman F, Lacey S, Larson MG, Vasan RS, Benjamin EJ, Harris WS, Robins SJ. Red blood cell fatty acids and biomarkers of inflammation: a cross-sectional study in a community-based cohort. Atherosclerosis. 2015 Jun;240(2):431-6.
13. Grenon SM, Conte MS, Nosova E, Alley H, Chong K, Harris WS, Vittinghoff E, Owens CD. Association between n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid content of red blood cells and inflammatory biomarkers in patients with peripheral artery disease. J Vasc Surg. 2013 Nov;58(5):1283-90. doi: 10.1016/j.jvs.2013.05.024. Epub 2013 Jul 2. PMID: 23830313; PMCID: PMC4207080.
14. Calder PC. Omega-3 fatty acids and inflammatory processes: from molecules to man. Biochem Soc Trans. 2017 Oct 15;45(5):1105-1115. doi: 10.1042/BST20160474. Epub 2017 Sep 12. PMID: 28900017.
15. Djuricic I, Calder PC. Beneficial Outcomes of Omega-6 and Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Human Health: An Update for 2021. Nutrients. 2021 Jul 15;13(7):2421. doi: 10.3390/nu13072421. PMID: 34371930; PMCID: PMC8308533.
16. DiNicolantonio JJ, O’Keefe JH. Importance of maintaining a low omega-6/omega-3 ratio for reducing inflammation. Open Heart. 2018 Nov 26;5(2):e000946. doi: 10.1136/openhrt-2018-000946. PMID: 30564378; PMCID: PMC6269634.
17. Innes JK, Calder PC. Omega-6 fatty acids and inflammation. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2018 May;132:41-48. doi: 10.1016/j.plefa.2018.03.004. Epub 2018 Mar 22. PMID: 29610056.
18. Li K, Huang T, Zheng J, Wu K, Li D. Effect of marine-derived n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on C-reactive protein, interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor α: a meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2014 Feb 5;9(2):e88103. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088103. PMID: 24505395; PMCID: PMC3914936.
19. Ramel A, Martinez JA, Kiely M, Bandarra NM, Thorsdottir I. Effects of weight loss and seafood consumption on inflammation parameters in young, overweight and obese European men and women during 8 weeks of energy restriction. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2010 Sep;64(9):987-93. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2010.99. Epub 2010 Jun 16. PMID: 20551965.
20. Costabile G, Della Pepa G, Vetrani C, Vitaglione P, Griffo E, Giacco R, Vitale M, Salamone D, Rivellese AA, Annuzzi G, Bozzetto L. An Oily Fish Diet Improves Subclinical Inflammation in People at High Cardiovascular Risk: A Randomized Controlled Study. Molecules. 2021 Jun 2;26(11):3369. doi: 10.3390/molecules26113369. PMID: 34199645; PMCID: PMC8199776.
21. Su H, Liu R, Chang M, Huang J, Jin Q, Wang X. Effect of dietary alpha-linolenic acid on blood inflammatory markers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Eur J Nutr. 2018 Apr;57(3):877-891. doi: 10.1007/s00394-017-1386-2. Epub 2017 Mar 8. PMID: 28275869.
22. Miles EA, Calder PC. Influence of marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on immune function and a systematic review of their effects on clinical outcomes in rheumatoid arthritis. Br J Nutr. 2012 Jun;107 Suppl 2:S171-84.
23. Calder PC. Polyunsaturated fatty acids, inflammatory processes and inflammatory bowel diseases.  Mol Nutr Food Res. 2008 Aug;52(8):885-97.
24. Fattori V, Zaninelli TH, Rasquel-Oliveira FS, Casagrande R, Verri WA Jr. Specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators: A new class of non-immunosuppressive and non-opioid analgesic drugs. Pharmacol Res. 2020 Jan;151:104549. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104549. Epub 2019 Nov 17. PMID: 31743775.
25. Souza PR, Marques RM, Gomez EA, Colas RA, De Matteis R, Zak A, Patel M, Collier DJ, Dalli J. Enriched Marine Oil Supplements Increase Peripheral Blood Specialized Pro-Resolving Mediators Concentrations and Reprogram Host Immune Responses: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study. Circ Res. 2020 Jan 3;126(1):75-90. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.119.315506. Epub 2019 Dec 12. PMID: 31829100.
26. Polus A, Zapala B, Razny U, Gielicz A, Kiec-Wilk B, Malczewska-Malec M, Sanak M, Childs CE, Calder PC, Dembinska-Kiec A. Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation influences the whole blood transcriptome in women with obesity, associated with pro-resolving lipid mediator production. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2016 Nov;1861(11):1746-1755. doi: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.08.005. Epub 2016 Aug 12. PMID: 27531277.
27. de Oliveira C, Biddulph JP, Hirani V, Schneider IJC. Vitamin D and inflammatory markers: cross-sectional analyses using data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA). J Nutr Sci. 2017 Jan 12;6:e1. doi: 10.1017/jns.2016.37. PMID: 28620476; PMCID: PMC5465858.
28. Laird E, McNulty H, Ward M, Hoey L, McSorley E, Wallace JM, Carson E, Molloy AM, Healy M, Casey MC, Cunningham C, Strain JJ. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with inflammation in older Irish adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014 May;99(5):1807-15. doi: 10.1210/jc.2013-3507. Epub 2014 Feb 25. PMID: 24606079.
29. Deluca HF, Cantorna MT. Vitamin D: its role and uses in immunology. FASEB J. 2001 Dec;15(14):2579-85. doi: 10.1096/fj.01-0433rev. PMID: 11726533.
30. Yin K, Agrawal DK. Vitamin D and inflammatory diseases. J Inflamm Res. 2014 May 29;7:69-87. doi: 10.2147/JIR.S63898. PMID: 24971027; PMCID: PMC4070857.
31. Cannell JJ, Grant WB, Holick MF. Vitamin D and inflammation. Dermatoendocrinol. 2015 Jan 29;6(1):e983401. doi: 10.4161/19381980.2014.983401. PMID: 26413186; PMCID: PMC4580066.
32. Mousa A, Naderpoor N, Teede H, Scragg R, de Courten B. Vitamin D supplementation for improvement of chronic low-grade inflammation in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutr Rev. 2018 May 1;76(5):380-394. doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nux077. PMID: 29490085.
33. Rodriguez AJ, Mousa A, Ebeling PR, Scott D, de Courten B. Effects of vitamin D supplementation on inflammatory markers in heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Sci Rep. 2018 Jan 18;8(1):1169. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-19708-0. PMID: 29348609; PMCID: PMC5773527.
34. Chen N, Wan Z, Han SF, Li BY, Zhang ZL, Qin LQ. Effect of vitamin D supplementation on the level of circulating high-sensitivity C-reactive protein: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutrients. 2014 Jun 10;6(6):2206-16. doi: 10.3390/nu6062206. PMID: 24918698; PMCID: PMC4073144.
35. Traber MG. Vitamin E inadequacy in humans: causes and consequences. Adv Nutr. 2014 Sep;5(5):503-14. doi: 10.3945/an.114.006254. PMID: 25469382; PMCID: PMC4188222.
36. Lewis ED, Meydani SN, Wu D. Regulatory role of vitamin E in the immune system and inflammation. IUBMB Life. 2019 Apr;71(4):487-494. doi: 10.1002/iub.1976. Epub 2018 Nov 30. PMID: 30501009; PMCID: PMC7011499.
37. Wallert M, Börmel L, Lorkowski S. Inflammatory Diseases and Vitamin E-What Do We Know and Where Do We Go? Mol Nutr Food Res. 2021 Jan;65(1):e2000097. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.202000097. Epub 2020 Jul 29. PMID: 32692879.
38. Arablou T, Aryaeian N, Djalali M, Shahram F, Rasouli L. Association between dietary intake of some antioxidant micronutrients with some inflammatory and antioxidant markers in active Rheumatoid Arthritis patients. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 2019 Nov;89(5-6):238-245. doi: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000255. Epub 2019 Apr 1. PMID: 30932790.
39. Kooshki A, Samadipour E, Akbarzadeh R. The association between serum C-reactive protein and macronutrients and antioxidants intake in hemodialysis patients. J Med Life. 2015;8(Spec Iss 2):43-46. PMID: 28255396; PMCID: PMC5327710.
40. Asbaghi O, Sadeghian M, Nazarian B, Sarreshtedari M, Mozaffari-Khosravi H, Maleki V, Alizadeh M, Shokri A, Sadeghi O. The effect of vitamin E supplementation on selected inflammatory biomarkers in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Sci Rep. 2020 Oct 14;10(1):17234. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-73741-6.
41. Khor BH, Tiong HC, Tan SC, Wong SK, Chin KY, Karupaiah T, Ima-Nirwana S, Abdul Gafor AH. Effects of tocotrienols supplementation on markers of inflammation and oxidative stress: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. PLoS One. 2021 Jul 23;16(7):e0255205. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255205. PMID: 34297765; PMCID: PMC8301652.
42. Pervez MA, Khan DA, Slehria AUR, Ijaz A. Delta-tocotrienol supplementation improves biochemical markers of hepatocellular injury and steatosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Complement Ther Med. 2020 Aug;52:102494. doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2020.102494. Epub 2020 Jun 23. PMID: 32951743.
43. Skalny AV, Aschner M, Tinkov AA. Zinc. Adv Food Nutr Res. 2021;96:251-310. doi: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2021.01.003. Epub 2021 May 24. PMID: 34112355; PMCID: PMC8208231.
44. Prasad AS. Zinc is an Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Agent: Its Role in Human Health. Front Nutr. 2014 Sep 1;1:14. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2014.00014. PMID: 25988117; PMCID: PMC4429650.
45. Prasad AS, Bao B, Beck FW, Kucuk O, Sarkar FH. Antioxidant effect of zinc in humans. Free Radic Biol Med. 2004 Oct 15;37(8):1182-90. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2004.07.007.
46. Mousavi SM, Djafarian K, Mojtahed A, Varkaneh HK, Shab-Bidar S. The effect of zinc supplementation on plasma C-reactive protein concentrations: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Eur J Pharmacol. 2018 Sep 5;834:10-16. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.07.019. Epub 2018 Jul 19. PMID: 30012497.
47. Costarelli L, Muti E, Malavolta M, Cipriano C, Giacconi R, Tesei S, Piacenza F, Pierpaoli S, Gasparini N, Faloia E, Tirabassi G, Boscaro M, Polito A, Mauro B, Maiani F, Raguzzini A, Marcellini F, Giuli C, Papa R, Emanuelli M, Lattanzio F, Mocchegiani E. Distinctive modulation of inflammatory and metabolic parameters in relation to zinc nutritional status in adult overweight/obese subjects. J Nutr Biochem. 2010 May;21(5):432-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2009.02.001. Epub 2009 May 7. PMID: 19427184.
48. Bennett JM, Reeves G, Billman GE, Sturmberg JP. Inflammation-Nature’s Way to Efficiently Respond to All Types of Challenges: Implications for Understanding and Managing “the Epidemic” of Chronic Diseases. Front Med (Lausanne). 2018 Nov 27;5:316. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00316. PMID: 30538987; PMCID: PMC6277637.
49. Avan A, Tavakoly Sany SB, Ghayour-Mobarhan M, Rahimi HR, Tajfard M, Ferns G. Serum C-reactive protein in the prediction of cardiovascular diseases: Overview of the latest clinical studies and public health practice. J Cell Physiol. 2018 Nov;233(11):8508-8525. doi: 10.1002/jcp.26791. Epub 2018 Jun 22. PMID: 29932219.
50. Bennett JM, Reeves G, Billman GE, Sturmberg JP. Inflammation-Nature’s Way to Efficiently Respond to All Types of Challenges: Implications for Understanding and Managing “the Epidemic” of Chronic Diseases. Front Med (Lausanne). 2018 Nov 27;5:316. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00316. PMID: 30538987; PMCID: PMC6277637.
51. Costello RB, Elin RJ, Rosanoff A, Wallace TC, Guerrero-Romero F, Hruby A, Lutsey PL, Nielsen FH, Rodriguez-Moran M, Song Y, Van Horn LV. Perspective: The Case for an Evidence-Based Reference Interval for Serum Magnesium: The Time Has Come. Adv Nutr. 2016 Nov 15;7(6):977-993. doi: 10.3945/an.116.012765. PMID: 28140318; PMCID: PMC5105038.
52. Lebold KM, Ang A, Traber MG, Arab L. Urinary α-carboxyethyl hydroxychroman can be used as a predictor of α-tocopherol adequacy, as demonstrated in the Energetics Study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2012 Oct;96(4):801-9. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.112.038620. Epub 2012 Sep 5. PMID: 22952171; PMCID: PMC3441108.
53. Traber MG. Vitamin E inadequacy in humans: causes and consequences. Adv Nutr. 2014 Sep;5(5):503-14. doi: 10.3945/an.114.006254. PMID: 25469382; PMCID: PMC4188222.

Pancreatic cancer story:
Epithelial memory of inflammation limits tissue damage while promoting pancreatic tumorigenesis. Science 2021; 373 (6561) DOI: 10.1126/science.abj0486.

CANDIDA

Genetic Analysis of Sirtuin Deacetylases in Hyphal Growth of Candida albicans. Molecular and Cellular Biology 2021, 6 (3), doi: https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/msphere.00053-21.
NAD+ metabolism in health and disease. Trends Biochem Sci 2007 Jan;32(1):12-9,  doi:10.1016/j.tibs.2006.11.006.
Treating (Recurrent) Vulvovaginal Candidiasis with Medical-Grade Honey-Concepts and Practical Considerations. J Fungi (Basel) 2021, Aug 16;7(8):664. DOI: 10.3390/jof7080664.
Synergistic Antimicrobial Activity of Supplemented Medical-Grade Honey against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm Formation and Eradication. Antibiotics 2020, 9(12), 866: https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9120866.
Antifungal Activity of a Medical-Grade Honey Formulation against Candida auris. J Fungi 2021, 7 (1), doi 10.3390/jof7010050. Open Access.

GUT

Jeannette Hyde

American Gut: an Open Platform for Citizen Science Microbiome Research. mSystems 2018, May 15;3(3):e00031-18. doi: 10.1128/mSystems.00031-18. Free online at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5954204.

PREDICT and ZOE

Human postprandial responses to food and potential for precision nutrition. Nature  Med 2020, 26, 964–973. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-0934-0.
Meal-induced inflammation: postprandial insights from the Personalised REsponses to DIetary Composition Trial (PREDICT) study in 1000 participants. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2021, 114, 3, 1028–1038, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqab132.
Dietary inflammation: https://joinzoe.com/whitepapers/dietary-inflammation.
“Professor Tim Spector’s top 5 tips for a healthier gut microbiome”: https://joinzoe.com/post/tim-spector-gut-tips.

AGEING
Social environment drives sex and age‐specific variation in Drosophila melanogaster microbiome composition and predicted function. Molecular Ecology 2021; doi: 10.1111/mec.16149.

Whole-blood metabolomics of dementia patients reveal classes of disease-linked metabolites. PNAS, 2021 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2022857118.

Human age-declined saliva metabolic markers determined by LC–MS. Scientific Reports 2021 11, 18135. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-97623-7.

“Beneficial effects of dietary supplementation with green tea catechins and cocoa flavanols on aging-related regressive changes in the mouse neuromuscular system”.
Aging (Albany NY) 2021,13 (4): 18051-93: https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.203336.

Interplay between cognition and weight reduction in individuals following a Mediterranean Diet: Three-year follow-up of the PREDIMED-Plus trial. Clinical Nutrition 2021, Sep, 40(9):5221-37, doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.07.020.

Microbiota from young mice counteracts selective age-associated behavioural deficits. Nature Aging 2021. DOI: 10.1038/s43587-021-00093-9. 

RESEARCH update

Serum amyloid A delivers retinol to intestinal myeloid cells to promote adaptive immunity. Science 2021, 17 Sep, 373 (6561). DOI: 10.1126/science.abf9232.

Replacement of Nitrite in Meat Products by Natural Bioactive Compounds Results in Reduced Exposure to N‐Nitroso Compounds: The PHYTOME Project. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, 2021; 2001214 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202001214.

Quercetin in Tartary Buckwheat Induces Autophagy against Protein Aggregations. Antioxidants, 2021; 10 (8): 1217 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081217.

NAD⁺ supplementation reduces neuroinflammation and cell senescence in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease via cGAS–STING.  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2021, Sep, 118 (37) e2011226118;  https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2011226118.
NAD⁺ Metabolism in Aging and Cancer. Annual Review of Cancer Biology 2019 3:1, 105-130: https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/full/10.1146/annurev-cancerbio-030518-055905.

WELCOME

NICE pauses publication of updated guideline on diagnosis and management of ME/CFS. August 17, 2021: https://www.nice.org.uk/news/article/nice-pauses-publication-of-updated-guideline-on-diagnosis-and-management-of-me-cfs.

Michiel Tack: https://www.bmj.com/content/374/bmj.n1937/rapid-responses.

Clinical, immunological and virological SARS-CoV-2 phenotypes in obese and non-obese military health system beneficiaries. The Journal of Infectious Diseases 2021;, jiab396, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiab396.

Obesity Increases the Duration of Influenza A Virus Shedding in Adults. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2018; DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy370.

NEWS

Persistent Endotheliopathy in the Pathogenesis of Long COVID Syndrome. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, 2021; doi: 10.1111/jth.15490.
Spontaneous bleeding associated with ginkgo biloba: a case report and systematic review of the literature. J Gen Intern Med 2005 Jul;20(7):657-61, doi: 10.1111/j.1525-1497.2005.0121.x.
Protein disulfide isomerase inhibitors constitute a new class of antithrombotic agents. J Clin Invest. 2012;122(6):2104-2113. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI61228.
Antiatherothrombotic effects of nicotinic acid. Atherosclerosis. 2003 Nov;171(1):87-96. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2003.07.003. 
Dietary fructose improves intestinal cell survival and nutrient absorption. Nature 2021, doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-03827-2.
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Growing Burden, Adverse Outcomes and Associations. Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2020, 8, 76–86. Published online 2019, doi: 10.14218/JCTH.2019.00051.
Experimental investigation of indoor aerosol dispersion and accumulation in the context of COVID-19: Effects of masks and ventilation. Physics of Fluids, 2021; 33 (7): 073315; doi: 10.1063/5.0057100.

INFLAMMATION – BEN BROWN

1. Couzin-Frankel J. Inflammation bares a dark side. Science. 2010 Dec 17;330(6011):1621. doi: 10.1126/science.330.6011.1621. PMID: 21163993.
2. Bennett JM, Reeves G, Billman GE, Sturmberg JP. Inflammation-Nature’s Way to Efficiently Respond to All Types of Challenges: Implications for Understanding and Managing “the Epidemic” of Chronic Diseases. Front Med (Lausanne). 2018 Nov 27;5:316. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00316. PMID: 30538987; PMCID: PMC6277637.
3. Furman D, Campisi J, Verdin E, Carrera-Bastos P, Targ S, Franceschi C, Ferrucci L, Gilroy DW, Fasano A, Miller GW, Miller AH, Mantovani A, Weyand CM, Barzilai N, Goronzy JJ, Rando TA, Effros RB, Lucia A, Kleinstreuer N, Slavich GM. Chronic inflammation in the etiology of disease across the life span. Nat Med. 2019 Dec;25(12):1822-1832. doi: 10.1038/s41591-019-0675-0. Epub 2019 Dec 5. PMID: 31806905; PMCID: PMC7147972.
4. Calder PC, Albers R, Antoine JM, Blum S, Bourdet-Sicard R, Ferns GA, Folkerts G, Friedmann PS, Frost GS, Guarner F, Løvik M, Macfarlane S, Meyer PD, M’Rabet L, Serafini M, van Eden W, van Loo J, Vas Dias W, Vidry S, Winklhofer-Roob BM, Zhao J. Inflammatory disease processes and interactions with nutrition. Br J Nutr. 2009 May;101 Suppl 1:S1-45. doi: 10.1017/S0007114509377867. PMID: 19586558.
5. Mogensen TH. Pathogen recognition and inflammatory signaling in innate immune defenses. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2009 Apr;22(2):240-73
6. Iwasaki A, Medzhitov R. Toll-like receptor control of the adaptive immune responses. Nat Immunol. 2004 Oct;5(10):987-95. doi: 10.1038/ni1112. PMID: 15454922.
7. Roh JS, Sohn DH. Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns in Inflammatory Diseases. Immune Netw. 2018 Aug 13;18(4):e27.
8. Frevert CW, Felgenhauer J, Wygrecka M, Nastase MV, Schaefer L. Danger-Associated Molecular Patterns Derived From the Extracellular Matrix Provide Temporal Control of Innate Immunity. J Histochem Cytochem. 2018 Apr;66(4):213-227. doi: 10.1369/0022155417740880. Epub 2018 Jan 1. PMID: 29290139; PMCID: PMC5958376.
9. Netea MG, Balkwill F, Chonchol M, Cominelli F, Donath MY, Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ, Golenbock D, Gresnigt MS, Heneka MT, Hoffman HM, Hotchkiss R, Joosten LAB, Kastner DL, Korte M, Latz E, Libby P, Mandrup-Poulsen T, Mantovani A, Mills KHG, Nowak KL, O’Neill LA, Pickkers P, van der Poll T, Ridker PM, Schalkwijk J, Schwartz DA, Siegmund B, Steer CJ, Tilg H, van der Meer JWM, van de Veerdonk FL, Dinarello CA. A guiding map for inflammation. Nat Immunol. 2017 Jul 19;18(8):826-831.
10. Serhan CN. Pro-resolving lipid mediators are leads for resolution physiology. Nature. 2014 Jun 5;510(7503):92-101. doi: 10.1038/nature13479. PMID: 24899309; PMCID: PMC4263681.
11. Recchiuti A, Isopi E, Romano M, Mattoscio D. Roles of Specialized Pro-Resolving Lipid Mediators in Autophagy and Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Sep 10;21(18):6637. doi: 10.3390/ijms21186637. PMID: 32927853; PMCID: PMC7555248.
12. Furman D, Campisi J, Verdin E, Carrera-Bastos P, Targ S, Franceschi C, Ferrucci L, Gilroy DW, Fasano A, Miller GW, Miller AH, Mantovani A, Weyand CM, Barzilai N, Goronzy JJ, Rando TA, Effros RB, Lucia A, Kleinstreuer N, Slavich GM. Chronic inflammation in the etiology of disease across the life span. Nat Med. 2019 Dec;25(12):1822-1832. doi: 10.1038/s41591-019-0675-0. Epub 2019 Dec 5. PMID: 31806905; PMCID: PMC7147972.
13. Greer A. An anti-inflammatory diet: the next frontier in preventive medicine. JAAPA. 2012 Feb;25(2):38, 40, 42 passim. doi: 10.1097/01720610-201202000-00007. PMID: 22416553.
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Extras

WHO: https://www.who.int/news/item/11-08-2021-who-s-solidarity-clinical-trial-enters-a-new-phase-with-three-new-candidate-drugs.

Associations between wildfire smoke exposure during pregnancy and risk of preterm birth in California. Environmental Research, 2021; 111872 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111872

SUPERFOODS
Photosynthetically Controlled Spirulina, but Not Solar Spirulina, Inhibits TNF-α Secretion: Potential Implications for COVID-19-Related Cytokine Storm Therapy.
Mar Biotechnol 2021, Feb;23(1):149-155; doi: 10.1007/s10126-021-10020-z. Epub 2021 Feb 10.

Prospective options of algae-derived nutraceuticals as supplements to combat COVID-19 and human coronavirus diseases. Nutrition 2021 Mar;83:111089; doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.111089. Free online at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7680017.

The Nutritional Efficacy of Chlorella Supplementation Depends on the Individual Gut Environment: A Randomised Control Study. Front Nutr 2021, 8, 270: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2021.648073.

INFLAMMATION – Metagenics Institute

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MISLEADING MEDICINE
Time to assume that health research is fraudulent until proven otherwise? BMJ 2021, July 5. https://blogs.bmj.com/bmj/2021/07/05/time-to-assume-that-health-research-is-fraudulent-until-proved-otherwise.

“Broken Science. What happens when cancer doctors, psychologists, and drug developers can’t rely on each other’s research?” February 2016:  https://reason.com/2016/01/19/broken-science.

https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/p-hacking.

HARKing: hypothesizing after the results are known. Pers Soc Psychol Rev 1998, 2(3):196-217, doi: 10.1207/s15327957pspr0203_4.

Power and sample size. Methods Mol Biol 2007;404:377-408, doi: 10.1007/978-1-59745-530-5_19.

“Most Scientific Findings Are Wrong or Useless. Science isn’t self-correcting, it’s self-destructing”. August 2016: https://reason.com/2016/08/26/most-scientific-results-are-wrong-or-use.

“Saving Science”, by Prof Daniel Sarewitz: https://www.thenewatlantis.com/publications/saving-science.

Why Most Published Research Findings Are False. PLoS Medicine 2005:
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0020124. Open Access.

Offline: What is medicine’s 5 sigma? The Lancet 2015, 385, 9976, p1380, April 11: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(15)60696-1/fulltext.  

“Reproducibility and reliability of biomedical research: improving research practice”. British Academy of Medical Sciences symposium report, October 2015: https://acmedsci.ac.uk/viewFile/56314e40aac61.pdf.

“Landmark research integrity survey finds questionable practices are surprisingly common”, by Jop de Vrieze. Science July 7, 2021: https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2021/07/landmark-research-integrity-survey-finds-questionable-practices-are-surprisingly-common.

Prevalence of Research Misconduct and Questionable Research Practices: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sci Eng Ethics 2021, 27, 41: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-021-00314-9.

Hundreds of thousands of zombie randomised trials circulate among us. Anaesthesia 2021, 76, 444–447: doi:10.1111/anae.15297.

Research Misconduct Policy in Biomedicine. Beyond the Bad-Apple Approach. By Prof Barbara K. Redman. (The MIT Press, 2013.)

RESEARCH

Dysregulation of ILC3s unleashes progression and immunotherapy resistance in colon cancer. Cell 2021, August 17, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2021.07.029.

Reinforcement learning links spontaneous cortical dopamine impulses to reward. Current Biology, 2021; doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.06.069.

The effectiveness and safety of isometric resistance training for adults with high blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hypertension Research, 2021; DOI: 10.1038/s41440-021-00720-3.

Impacts of deficiency in vitamin D derivatives on disease severity in adult bronchial asthma patients. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2021 Aug 18:102073. doi: 10.1016/j.pupt.2021.102073.

Nucleus Type-Specific DNA Methylomics Reveals Epigenetic ‘Memory’ of Prior Adaptation in Skeletal Muscle. Function, 2021; doi: 10.1093/function/zqab038.

Vitamin C and scar strength: analysis of a historical trial and implications for collagen-related pathologies.  American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2021, doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab262.

Time for nutrition in medical education. BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health 2020; https://nutrition.bmj.com/content/early/2020/04/15/bmjnph-2019-000049; doi: 10.1136/bmjnph-2019-000049.

Increased risk of heart failure is associated with chronic habitual hypohydration that elevates serum sodium above 142 mmol/l suggesting lifelong optimal hydration as preventive measure. ESC Congress: https://digital-congress.escardio.org/ESC-Congress/programme.
Total fluid intake and its determinants: cross-sectional surveys among adults in 13 countries worldwide. Eur J Nutr. 2015;54 Suppl 2:S35–S43.
Individuality of the plasma sodium concentration. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2014;306:F1534–F1543.

Microbial Diversity and Abundance of Parabacteroides Mediate the Associations Between Higher Intake of Flavonoid-Rich Foods and Lower Blood Pressure. Hypertension 2021; DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.121.17441.

Vitamin K Intake and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health Study. Journal of the American Heart Association 2021;10:e020551. https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.120.020551.

Sex- and age-dependent outcomes of 9-hour time-restricted feeding of a Western high-fat high-sucrose diet in C57BL/6J mice. Cell Reports, 2021; 36 (7): 109543 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109543.

WELCOME

Time to assume that health research is fraudulent until proven otherwise? BMJ 2021, July 5. https://blogs.bmj.com/bmj/2021/07/05/time-to-assume-that-health-research-is-fraudulent-until-proved-otherwise.

“Drug Companies & Doctors: A Story of Corruption”, by Marcia Angell. The New York Review, January 15, 2009: https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2009/01/15/drug-companies-doctorsa-story-of-corruption.

The knowledge system underpinning healthcare is not fit for purpose and must change. BMJ 2015; 350 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.h2463.

Peer review: a flawed process at the heart of science and journals. J R Soc Med 2006 Apr; 99(4): 178–182. doi: 10.1258/jrsm.99.4.178

Why Most Published Research Findings Are False. PloS Medicine 2005: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0020124.

Prevalence of questionable research practices, research misconduct and their potential explanatory factors: a survey among academic researchers in The Netherlands. MetaArXiv 2021, July 6. doi:10.31222/osf.io/vk9yt.

NEWS

K.Vita: a feasibility study of a blend of medium chain triglycerides to manage drug-resistant epilepsy. Brain Communications 2021, fcab160, https://doi.org/10.1093/braincomms/fcab160.

Rapid resolution of COVID-19 after faecal microbiota transplantation. Gut Published Online First: 06 July 2021. Doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-325010.

Using an erythrocyte fatty acid fingerprint to predict risk of all-cause mortality: the Framingham Offspring Cohort. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2021; DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab195.

Evaluating microbiome-directed fibre snacks in gnotobiotic mice and humans. Nature 595, 91–95 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03671-4.

Characterizing long COVID in an international cohort: 7 months of symptoms and their impact. EClinicalMedicine, 2021; 101019 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.101019.

SPMs: Disrupted Resolution Mechanisms Favor Altered Phagocyte Responses in Covid-19. Circulation Research. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.121.319142.

The Women’s Study for the Alleviation of Vasomotor Symptoms (WAVS), Menopause  2021, July 12, doi: 10.1097/GME.0000000000001812.

Vitamin K2 Holds Promise for Alzheimer’s Prevention and Treatment. Nutrients 2021, 13(7), 2206; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13072206.

Development of health-based exposure limits for radiofrequency radiation from wireless devices using a benchmark dose approach. Environ Health 2021, 20, 84. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-021-00768-1.

BEN BROWN

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CALM Study

 A modified Mediterranean dietary intervention for adults with major depression: Dietary protocol and feasibility data from the SMILES trial. Nutritional Neuroscience 2018, 21:7, 487-501. DOI: 10.1080/1028415X.2017.1312841.

Men and women
Sex differences in specific aspects of two animal tests of anxiety-like behavior. Psychopharmacology, 2021; DOI: 10.1007/s00213-021-05893-w.

CBD

1., https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidprosser/2020/05/11/uk-demand-for-cbd-products-soars-amid-covid-19-pandemic/ 

2. Moltke J and Hindocha C (2021) https://jcannabisresearch.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s42238-021-00061-5
3. https://www.food.gov.uk/safety-hygiene/cannabidiol-cbd
4. www.who.int/medicines/access/controlled-substances/5.2_CBD.pdf

^[5] Zuardi et al (1993). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22290374/

^[6] Bergamashi M et al (2011) https://www.nature.com/articles/npp20116

^[7] Jadoon et al (2017) https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28614793/

^[8] De Faria et al (2020) https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0269881119895536

^[9] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32019776/

^[10] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32421842/

^[11] Geneva CANNABIDIOL (CBD) . n.d. Critical Review Report Expert Committee on Drug Dependence Fortieth Meeting

Dr Elisabeth Phillipps

1. Cannabidiol in Anxiety and Sleep: A Large Case Series. Perm J 2019, 23: 18-041.
2. Cannabidiol can improve complex sleep-related behaviours associated with rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder in Parkinson’s disease patients: a case series. J Clin Pharm Ther 2014, 39:564-566.
   3. Review of the neurological benefits of phytocannabinoids. Surg Neurol Int. 2018; 9: 91.

DIGESTION
Gut microbiome heritability is nearly universal but environmentally contingent. Science 2021. DOI: 10.1126/science.aba5483.

Immunoglobulin A–specific deficiency induces spontaneous inflammation specifically in the ileum. Gut, 2021; gutjnl-2020-322873 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-322873.

Royal jelly enhances antigen-specific mucosal IgA response. Food Science and Nutrition 2013. https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.29.

The Salivary IgA Flow Rate Is Increased by High Concentrations of Short-Chain Fatty Acids in the Cecum of Rats Ingesting Fructooligosaccharides. Nutrients 2016, 8(8), 500; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8080500.

Cocoa and cocoa fibre differentially modulate IgA and IgM production at mucosal sites. British Journal of Nutrition 2016, 115(9), 1539-1546. DOI:10.1017/S000711451600074X.

Saccharomyces boulardii stimulates sIgA production and the phagocytic system of gnotobiotic mice. Journal of Applied Microbiology 2000, 89(3):404-14. DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2672.2000.01128.x.

Caloric restriction disrupts the microbiota and colonization resistance. Nature 2021, 595, 272–277. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03663-4.

Hepatoenteric recycling is a new disposition mechanism for orally administered phenolic drugs and phytochemicals in rats. eLife 2021, 10:e58820 DOI: 10.7554/eLife.58820.

EMILY BLAKE – SIgA and immune resilience:

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10. Campos-Rodríguez R, Godínez-Victoria M, Abarca-Rojano E, Pacheco-Yépez J, Reyna-Garfias H, Barbosa-Cabrera RE, et al. Stress modulates intestinal secretory immunoglobulin A [Internet]. Vol. 7, Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience. Frontiers Media SA; 2013 [cited 2021 Jan 25]. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC3845795/?report=abstract
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14. Sirisinha S. The pleiotropic role of vitamin A in regulating mucosal immunity. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol. 2015;33(2):71–8.
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16. Maataoui SB, Maataoui RB, Almesrar B, Hilali S. ANTI ULCER ACTIVITY OF PRICKLY PEAR (OPUNTIA FICUS INDICA) CLADODES EXTRACTS. Int J Adv Res [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2020 Feb 7];6(11):498–506. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/IJAR01/8023
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18. Volstatova T, Marchica A, Hroncova Z, Bernardi R, Doskocil I, Havlik J. Effects of chlorogenic acid, epicatechin gallate, and quercetin on mucin expression and secretion in the Caco-2/HT29-MTX cell model. Food Sci Nutr [Internet]. 2019 Feb 1 [cited 2020 Mar 4];7(2):492–8. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/fsn3.818
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RESEARCH UPDATE

Bacteroides-dominant gut microbiome of late infancy is associated with enhanced neurodevelopment. Gut Microbes 2021, 13: 1. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19490976.2021.1930875.
Dietary alteration of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids for headache reduction in adults with migraine: randomized controlled trial. BMJ, July 1, 2021; DOI: 10.1136/bmj.n1448.

Quantitative mapping of human hair greying and reversal in relation to life stress. eLife, 2021; 10 DOI: 10.7554/eLife.67437.

Enterically derived high-density lipoprotein restrains liver injury through the portal vein. Science, 2021; 373 (6553): eabe6729 DOI: 10.1126/science.abe6729.

Maternal cecal microbiota transfer rescues early-life antibiotic-induced enhancement of type 1 diabetes in mice. Cell Host & Microbe, 2021; DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2021.06.014.

Distribution of dietary protein intake in daily meals influences skeletal muscle hypertrophy via the muscle clock. Cell Reports, 2021; 36 (1): 109336 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109336.

CBD and oral ulcers: Xingying Qi, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, presented the findings  – Cannabidiol Promotes Oral Ulcer Healing by Inactivating CMPK2-Mediated NLRP3 Inflammasome – at the virtual 99th General Session & Exhibition of the International Association for Dental Research (IADR), held in conjunction with the 50th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Dental Research (AADR) and the 45th Annual Meeting of the Canadian Association for Dental Research (CADR), on July 21-24, 2021.

IN PRACTICE

https://www.euromonitor.com/dietary-supplements-in-the-united-kingdom/report.

https://www.mintel.com/global-new-products-database.

Food Supplements Consumer Research, 2018 report for the FSA: https://www.food.gov.uk/sites/default/files/media/document/food-supplements-consumer-research.pdf.

WELCOME

“6 ways the FDA’s approval of Aduhelm does more harm than good”, by Prof Sam Gandy, June 15, 2021. https://www.statnews.com/2021/06/15/6-ways-fda-approval-aduhelm-does-more-harm-than-good.

NEWS and NEW RELEASES

Using an erythrocyte fatty acid fingerprint to predict risk of all-cause mortality: the Framingham Offspring Cohort.  American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2021, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqab195.

Blood omega-3 fatty acids and death from COVID-19: A pilot study. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2021 Mar;166:102250, doi: 10.1016/j.plefa.2021.102250.

What COVID-19 is doing to the heart, even after recovery. September 3, 2020. https://www.heart.org/en/news/2020/09/03/what-covid-19-is-doing-to-the-heart-even-after-recovery.

Obesity and the pandemic:
https://swprs.org/studies-on-covid-19-lethality/#5-percentage-of-covid-19-deaths-in-care-homes. And Mortality associated with COVID-19 outbreaks in care homes: early international evidence, April 12, 2020. https://ltccovid.org/2020/04/12/mortality-associated-with-covid-19-outbreaks-in-care-homes-early-international-evidence.

COVID Infection Fatality Rates: https://swprs.org/studies-on-covid-19-lethality.

Associations between body-mass index and COVID-19 severity in 6·9 million people in England: a prospective, community-based, cohort study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol  2021 Jun; 9(6):350-359. doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(21)00089-9. Epub 2021 Apr 28.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_obesity_rate.

Covid-19: Highest death rates seen in countries with most overweight populations. BMJ 2021, 372, doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n623 (Published 04 March 2021).

A Time Frame for Testing Negative for SARS-COV2 in People with Obesity. Obes Facts 2020, 13:528-533. DOI: 10.1159/000511738.

Exhaled aerosol increases with COVID-19 infection, age, and obesity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2021, Feb,118 (8) e2021830118. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2021830118.

Are face masks effective? The evidence. https://swprs.org/face-masks-evidence.

Influenza and obesity: its odd relationship and the lessons for COVID-19 pandemic. Acta Diabetol 2020, Jun;57(6):759-764. DOI: 10.1007/s00592-020-01522-8.

Swiss Policy Research:
Observational Study on 255 Mechanically Ventilated Covid Patients at the Beginning of the USA Pandemic. (Pre-print, not peer-reviewed). MedRxiv 2021.05.28.21258012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.05.28.21258012.

https://www.news-medical.net/news/20210602/HydroxychloroquineAzithromycin-therapy-at-a-higher-dose-improved-survival-by-nearly-20025-in-ventilated-COVID-patients.aspx.

Treatment with Zinc is Associated with Reduced In-Hospital Mortality Among COVID-19 Patients: A Multi-Center Cohort Study. Res Sq [Preprint] 2020, Oct 26:rs.3.rs-94509. DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-94509/v1.  

Long-COVID: https://www.theguardian.com/society/2021/jun/24/more-than-2m-adults-in-england-have-had-long-covid-for-over-12-weeks-study.

Substituting Cannabidiol for Opioids and Pain Medications Among Individuals With Fibromyalgia: A Large Online Survey. The Journal of Pain 2021.  DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2021.04.011.

Generation of systemic antitumour immunity via the in situ modulation of the gut microbiome by an orally administered inulin gel. Nature Biomedical Engineering 2021. DOI: 10.1038/s41551-021-00749-2.

Short-Term Western Diet Intake Promotes IL-23‒Mediated Skin and Joint Inflammation Accompanied by Changes to the Gut Microbiota in Mice. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2021; 141 (7): 1780 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.11.032.

Clinical impact of a pharmacist + health coach chronic disease management program in a rural free clinic. J Am Pharm Assoc 2021; doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japh.2021.02.014

Echinacea reduces antibiotic usage in children through respiratory tract infection prevention: a randomized, blinded, controlled clinical trial. Eur J Med Res 2021, 26, 33: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-021-00499-6.

Effect of antibiotic prescribing in primary care on antimicrobial resistance in individual patients: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2010, 340:c2096:  doi:10.1136/bmj.c2096.

Hericium erinaceus and Coriolus versicolor Modulate Molecular and Biochemical Changes after Traumatic Brain Injury. Antioxidants 2021;10:898. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10060898.

1. Vogel:

Ogal M et al. Echinacea reduces antibiotic usage in children through respiratory tract infection prevention: a randomized, blinded, controlled clinical trial. Eur J Med Res. 2021; 26: 33 www.https://doi.org/10.11.86/s40001-021-00499-6)

Ridge KW , Hand K , Sharland M , et al. Infections and the rise of antimicrobial resistance. London: Department of Health, 2011

Public Health England. English surveillance programme for antimicrobial utilisation and resistance report, 2016

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Prescribing of antibiotics for self-limiting respiratory tract infections in adults and children in primary care (Clinical Guideline 69). 2008.

Little P , Stuart B , Hobbs FD , et al. Antibiotic prescription strategies for acute sore throat: a prospective observational cohort study. Lancet Infect Dis 2014;14:213–9. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(13)70294-9

Spinks A , Glasziou PP , Del Mar CB. Cochrane Acute Respiratory Infections Group. Antibiotics for sore throat. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013;139:CD000023.doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000023.pub4

Kenealy T , Arroll B. Antibiotics for the common cold and acute purulent rhinitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013;4:CD000247.doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000247.pub3

Costelloe C , Metcalfe C , Lovering A , et al. Effect of antibiotic prescribing in primary care on antimicrobial resistance in individual patients: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2010;340:c2096.doi:10.1136/bmj.c2096

Tobler M, et al: Characteristics of whole fresh plant extracts. Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur GanzheitMedizin,1994.

NUTRITION and GENETICS

Resveratrol trial:

1. D. A., et al. [2014]. Mitochondrial Aging and Age-Related Dysfunction of Mitochondria. Biomed Research International, Volume 2014, Article ID ID 238463. Retrieved November 29, 2020 from:  https://www.hindawi.com/journals/bmri/2014/238463/
2. Toledo, F. G. S. and B. H. Goodpaster [October 2013].  The role of weight loss and exercise in correcting skeletal muscle mitochondrial abnormalities in obesity, diabetes and aging. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, V. 379, Issues  1-2, pp. 30-34.
3. Salehi, B. et al. [September 2019]. Resveratrol: A Double-Edged Sword in Health Benefits. Biomedicines, V. 6, № 3, p. 91. Retrieved November 29, 2020 from:  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6164842/
4. Olsen, N. [May 29, 2018]. How can antioxidants benefit our health? MedicalNewsToday. Retrieved November 29, 2020 from: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/301506
5. Mohar, D.S. and S. Malik [November 2013]. The Sirtuin System: The Holy Grail of Resveratrol? J. Clin. Exp. Cardiolog., V. 3. № 11, p. 216. Retrieved November 29, 2020 from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3613783/
6. Higashida, K. et al. [July 9, 2013]. Effects of Resveratrol and SIRT1 on PGC-1α Activity and Mitochondrial Biogenesis: A Reevaluation. PLoS Biol., v. 11, № 7, p. e 1001603. Retrieved November 29, 2020 from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3706311/
7. Rodriguez-Bies, E. et al. [September 28, 2016]. Resveratrol primes the effects of physical activity in old mice. British Journal of Nutrition, Volume 116, Issue 6, pp. 979-988.

Szyf:
The epigenetics of perinatal stress. Dialogues Clin Neurosci 2019, Dec;21(4):369-378. doi: 10.31887/DCNS.2019.21.4/mszyf.

Imprinted genes
Genomic imprinting in mouse blastocysts is predominantly associated with H3K27me3. Nature Communications 2021; 12 (1) DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23510-4.

THIAMINE – ELIOTT OVERTON

Evaluation of Thiamine as Adjunctive Therapy in COVID-19 Critically Ill Patients: A Multicenter Propensity Score Matched Study. In Review at Critical Care 2021, June. DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-400565/v1.

α-Ketoglutarate dehydrogenase: a mitochondrial redox sensor. Free Radic Res. 2011 Jan;45(1):29-36: doi: 10.3109/10715762.2010.534163. Epub 2010 Nov 29.
The alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex in neurodegeneration. Neurochem Int. 2000 Feb;36(2):97-112. doi: 10.1016/s0197-0186(99)00114-x.

Prospective Biomarkers from Plasma Metabolomics of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Implicate Redox Imbalance in Disease Symptomatology. Metabolites 2018, 8(4), 90; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo8040090.

 Inhibition of the α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex by the myeloperoxidase products, hypochlorous acid and mono-N-chloramine. Journal of Neurochemistry 2005, 92: 302-310. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.2004.02868.x.

Inhibition of NADH-linked mitochondrial respiration by 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal. Biochemistry 1998, Jan 13;37(2):552-7. doi: 10.1021/bi971958i.

Thiamine preserves mitochondrial function in a rat model of traumatic brain injury, preventing inactivation of the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex. Biochim Biophys Acta Bioenerg 2018, Sep;1859(9):925-931, doi: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2018.05.005. Epub 2018 May 16. 
Glutamate Excitotoxicity Induced by Nitric Oxide Mediated Dysfunction of the Mitochondrial 2-Oxoglutarate Dehydrogenase Complex. Free Radical Biology and Medicine. 2017, Volume 112, Supplement 1, November, Page 74. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0891584917308912.

High-dose thiamine improves the symptoms of fibromyalgia. BMJ Case Rep 2013, May 20;2013:bcr2013009019. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2013-009019.

High dose thiamine improves fatigue in multiple sclerosis. BMJ Case Reports 2013; 2013:bcr2013009144.
High-dose thiamine and essential tremor. BMJ Case Reports 2018;2018:bcr-2017-223945.
Thiamine and Fatigue in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: An Open-label Pilot Study. J Altern Complement Med 2013, Volume 19, Number 8. 704–708. DOI: 10.1089/acm.2011.0840.
High-dose thiamine improves the symptoms of Friedreich’s ataxia. BMJ Case Reports 2013;2013:bcr2013009424.
Long-Term Treatment with High-Dose Thiamine in Parkinson Disease: An Open-Label Pilot Study. J Altern Complement Med 2015, Dec;21(12):740-7, doi: 10.1089/acm.2014.0353.
Thiamine and benfotiamine prevent stress-induced suppression of hippocampal neurogenesis in mice exposed to predation without affecting brain thiamine diphosphate levels. Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience 2017, 126-136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcn.2017.05.005.

WELCOME and CONTENTS

mRNA vaccines — a new era in vaccinology. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2018, 17, 261–279.  https://doi.org/10.1038/nrd.2017.243.

https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-9566121/Britain-approve-Covid-vaccines-children-allows-Pfizers-jab-youngsters.html

NEWS

Association of Loneliness and Wisdom With Gut Microbial Diversity and Composition: An Exploratory Study. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 2021; 12. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.648475.

Potential reversal of epigenetic age using a diet and lifestyle intervention: a pilot randomized clinical trial. Aging (Albany NY) 2021, Apr 12;13(7):9419-9432. DOI: 10.18632/aging.202913.

High-Density Lipoprotein Anti-Inflammatory Capacity and Incident Cardiovascular Events. Circulation, 2021. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.050808.

“Up to 8,700 patients died after catching Covid in English hospitals”. By Denis Campbell and Anna Bawden. The Guardian, May 24, 2021.

https://digital.nhs.uk/news-and-events/latest-news/one-million-admissions-linked-to-obesity-in-2019-20-new-data-reveals.

SARS-CoV-2 infection induces long-lived bone marrow plasma cells in humans. Nature, 2021; DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03647-4.

Prevalence of Immunosuppressive Drug Use Among Commercially Insured US Adults, 2018-2019. JAMA Network Open, 2021; 4 (5): e214920 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.4920.

β-sitosterol reduces anxiety and synergizes with established anxiolytic drugs in mice. Cell Reports Medicine, 2021; 2 (5): 100281 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100281.

COELIAC and GLUTEN – BEN BROWN

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2. Dewar DH, Donnelly SC, McLaughlin SD, Johnson MW, Ellis HJ, Ciclitira PJ. Celiac disease: management of persistent symptoms in patients on a gluten-free diet. World J Gastroenterol. 2012 Mar 28;18(12):1348-56.
3. Abdulkarim AS, Burgart LJ, See J, Murray JA. Etiology of nonresponsive celiac  disease: results of a systematic approach. Am J Gastroenterol. 2002 Aug;97(8):2016-21.
4. Caio G, Volta U, Sapone A, Leffler DA, De Giorgio R, Catassi C, Fasano A. Celiac disease: a comprehensive current review. BMC Med. 2019 Jul 23;17(1):142.
5. Catassi C, Fabiani E, Iacono G, D’Agate C, Francavilla R, Biagi F, Volta U, Accomando S, Picarelli A, De Vitis I, Pianelli G, Gesuita R, Carle F, Mandolesi A, Bearzi I, Fasano A. A prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to establish a safe gluten threshold for patients with celiac disease. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007 Jan;85(1):160-6.
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7. Makovicky P, Makovicky P, Lupan I, Samasca G, Sur G, Freeman HJ. Perspective: Gluten-Free Products for Patients with Celiac Disease Should Not Contain Trace Levels. Adv Nutr. 2017 May 15;8(3):409-411. doi: 10.3945/an.116.014472. PMID: 28507006; PMCID: PMC5421124.
8. Hall NJ, Rubin G, Charnock A. Systematic review: adherence to a gluten-free diet in adult patients with coeliac disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2009 Aug 15;30(4):315-30.
9. Silvester JA, Graff LA, Rigaux L, Walker JR, Duerksen DR. Symptomatic suspected gluten exposure is common among patients with coeliac disease on a gluten-free diet. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2016 Sep;44(6):612-9.
10. Thompson T, Lee AR, Grace T. Gluten contamination of grains, seeds, and flours in the United States: a pilot study. J Am Diet Assoc. 2010 Jun;110(6):937-40.
11. Veeraraghavan G, Therrien A, Degroote M, McKeown A, Mitchell PD, Silvester JA, Leffler DA, Leichtner AM, Kelly CP, Weir DC. Non-responsive celiac disease in children on a gluten free diet. World J Gastroenterol. 2021 Apr 7;27(13):1311-1320. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i13.1311. PMID: 33833484; PMCID: PMC8015304.
12. Abdulkarim AS, Burgart LJ, See J, Murray JA. Etiology of nonresponsive celiac disease: results of a systematic approach. Am J Gastroenterol. 2002 Aug;97(8):2016-21. doi: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2002.05917.x. PMID: 12190170.
13. Faulkner-Hogg KB, Selby WS, Loblay RH. Dietary analysis in symptomatic patients with coeliac disease on a gluten-free diet: the role of trace amounts of gluten and non-gluten food intolerances. Scand J Gastroenterol. 1999 Aug;34(8):784-9.
14. Moreno ML, Rodríguez-Herrera A, Sousa C, Comino I. Biomarkers to Monitor Gluten-Free Diet Compliance in Celiac Patients. Nutrients. 2017 Jan 6;9(1):46.
15. Hollon JR, Cureton PA, Martin ML, Puppa EL, Fasano A. Trace gluten contamination may play a role in mucosal and clinical recovery in a subgroup of diet-adherent non-responsive celiac disease patients. BMC Gastroenterol. 2013 Feb 28;13:40.
16. Baker AL, Rosenberg IH. Refractory sprue: recovery after removal of nongluten dietary proteins. Ann Intern Med. 1978 Oct;89(4):505-8.
17. Mike N, Asquith P. Soya protein hypersensitivity in nonresponsive coeliac disease. Gut 1984; 25: A1190.
18. Kristjánsson G, Venge P, Hällgren R. Mucosal reactivity to cow’s milk protein in coeliac disease. Clin Exp Immunol. 2007 Mar;147(3):449-55.
19. Faulkner-Hogg KB, Selby WS, Loblay RH. Dietary analysis in symptomatic patients with coeliac disease on a gluten-free diet: the role of trace amounts of gluten and non-gluten food intolerances. Scand J Gastroenterol. 1999 Aug;34(8):784-9.
20. Brown BI. Does Irritable Bowel Syndrome Exist? Identifiable and Treatable Causes of Associated Symptoms Suggest It May Not. Gastrointestinal Disorders. 2019; 1(3):314-340. https://doi.org/10.3390/gidisord1030027
21. Borghini R, De Amicis N, Bella A, Greco N, Donato G, Picarelli A. Beneficial Effects of a Low-Nickel Diet on Relapsing IBS-Like and Extraintestinal Symptoms of Celiac Patients during a Proper Gluten-Free Diet: Nickel Allergic Contact Mucositis in Suspected Non-Responsive Celiac Disease. Nutrients. 2020 Jul 29;12(8):2277. doi: 10.3390/nu12082277. PMID: 32751300; PMCID: PMC7468824.
22. Jones PE, Peters TJ. DNA synthesis by jejunal mucosa in responsive and non-responsive coeliac disease. Br Med J. 1977 Apr 30;1(6069):1130-1.
23. Love AHG, Elmes M, Golden MK, McMaster D. Zinc deficiency and coeliac disease. In: McNicholl B, McCarthy CF, Fottrell PF, eds. Perspectives in Coeliac Disease. Lancaster: MTP Press, 1978: 335±42.
24. Jones PE, Peters TJ. Oral zinc supplements in non-responsive coeliac syndrome: effect on jejunal morphology, enterocyte production, and brush border disaccharidase activities. Gut. 1981 Mar;22(3):194-8.
25. Skrovanek S, DiGuilio K, Bailey R, Huntington W, Urbas R, Mayilvaganan B, Mercogliano G, Mullin JM. Zinc and gastrointestinal disease. World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol. 2014 Nov 15;5(4):496-513.
26. Quigley EM, Carmichael HA, Watkinson G. Adult celiac disease (celiac sprue), pernicious anemia and IgA deficiency. Case report and review of the relationships between vitamin B12 deficiency, small intestinal mucosal disease and immunoglobulin deficiency. J Clin Gastroenterol. 1986 Jun;8(3 Pt 1):277-81.
27. Ghoshal UC, Srivastava D, Verma A, Ghoshal U. Tropical sprue in 2014: the new  face of an old disease. Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2014;16(6):391.
28. Caruso R, Pallone F, Stasi E, Romeo S, Monteleone G. Appropriate nutrient supplementation in celiac disease. Ann Med. 2013 Dec;45(8):522-31.
29. Collado MC, Donat E, Ribes-Koninckx C, et al. Specific duodenal and faecal bacterial groups associated with paediatric coeliac disease. Austin J Clin Pathol. 2009;62:264–269.
30. Nadal I, Donat E, Ribes-Koninckx C, et al. Imbalance in the composition of the duodenal microbiota of children with coeliac disease. J Med Microbiol. 2007;56:1669–1674.
31. Tursi A, Brandimarte G, Giorgetti G. High prevalence of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in celiac patients with persistence of gastrointestinal symptoms after gluten withdrawal. Am J Gastroenterol. 2003 Apr;98(4):839-43.
32. Francavilla R, Piccolo M, Francavilla A, Polimeno L, Semeraro F, Cristofori F, Castellaneta S, Barone M, Indrio F, Gobbetti M, De Angelis M. Clinical and Microbiological Effect of a Multispecies Probiotic Supplementation in Celiac Patients With Persistent IBS-type Symptoms: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-controlled, Multicenter Trial. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2019 Mar;53(3):e117-e125.
33. Harnett J, Myers SP, Rolfe M. Probiotics and the Microbiome in Celiac Disease: A Randomised Controlled Trial. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2016;2016:9048574. doi: 10.1155/2016/9048574. Epub 2016 Jul 21. PMID: 27525027; PMCID: PMC4972910.
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39. Drabińska N, Jarocka-Cyrta E, Markiewicz LH, Krupa-Kozak U. The Effect of Oligofructose-Enriched Inulin on Faecal Bacterial Counts and Microbiota-Associated Characteristics in Celiac Disease Children Following a Gluten-Free Diet: Results of a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Nutrients. 2018 Feb 12;10(2):201. doi: 10.3390/nu10020201. PMID: 29439526; PMCID: PMC5852777.
40. Drabińska N, Krupa-Kozak U, Jarocka-Cyrta E. Intestinal Permeability in Children with Celiac Disease after the Administration of Oligofructose-Enriched Inulin into a Gluten-Free Diet-Results of a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Pilot Trial. Nutrients. 2020 Jun 10;12(6):1736. doi: 10.3390/nu12061736. PMID: 32531982; PMCID: PMC7352250.
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45. Krishnareddy S, Stier K, Recanati M, Lebwohl B, Green PH. Commercially available glutenases: a potential hazard in coeliac disease. Therap Adv Gastroenterol. 2017 Jun;10(6):473-481.
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PROBIOTICS

A pilot study to assess the effect of a fibre and mineral formulation on satiety and satiation when taken as part of a calorie restriction diet in overweight and obese women. J Functional Foods 2020, 74, 104157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2020.104157.

Daily probiotic use is associated with a reduced rate of upper respiratory tract symptoms in overweight and obese people. DDW 2021; Abstract 739. https://ddw.org.

Probiotics reduce self-reported symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection in overweight and obese adults: Should we be considering probiotics during viral pandemics? Gut Microbes 2021, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19490976.2021.1900997.

A randomised controlled study shows supplementation of overweight and obese adults with lactobacilli and bifidobacteria reduces bodyweight and improves well-being. Scientific Reports 2020; 10(1): 4183.

Potential beneficial role of probiotics on the outcome of COVID-19 patients: An evolving perspective. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2021,15(1):295-301, doi: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.12.040.

RESEARCH update

Colonization of the Caenorhabditis elegans gut with human enteric bacterial pathogens leads to proteostasis disruption that is rescued by butyrate. PLOS Pathogens, 2021; 17 (5): e1009510 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009510.

Whole-genome sequencing analysis of semi-supercentenarians. eLife, 2021; 10 DOI: 10.7554/eLife.57849.

Pericardial Fat and the Risk of Heart Failure. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2021; 77 (21): 2638 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2021.04.003.

WELCOME

High-dimensional characterization of post-acute sequalae of COVID-19. Nature 2021, April 22. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03553-9.

Avoiding the Coming Tsunami of Common, Chronic Disease: What the Lessons of the COVID-19 Pandemic Can Teach Us. Circulation 2021, April 6. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.053461.

A guideline to limit indoor airborne transmission of COVID-19. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2021, Apr 27, 118 (17) e2018995118. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2018995118.

NEWS

Modest effects of dietary supplements during the COVID-19 pandemic: insights from 445 850 users of the COVID-19 Symptom Study app). BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health 2021, bmjnph-2021-000250. DOI: 10.1136/bmjnph-2021-000250.

Single-cell multi-omics analysis of the immune response in COVID-19. Nature Medicine 2021, April 20. DOI: 10.1038/s41591-021-01329-2.

Disruption of the blood−brain barrier in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Brain 2021.  DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab055.

Study presented virtually at ENDO 2021, Washington, DC, March 20, 2021:
https://www.endocrine.org/news-and-advocacy/news-room/featured-science-from-endo-2021/supplements-may-protect-those-with-low-vitamin-d-levels-from-severe-covid19.
Vitamin D Status in Hospitalized Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 2020, Oct 27, 106, 3, e1343–e1353, https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgaa733.

Post-covid syndrome in individuals admitted to hospital with covid-19: retrospective cohort study. Brit Med J 2021, March 31, 372:n693, doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n693.

Maternal DHA supplementation influences sex-specific disruption of placental gene expression following early prenatal stress. Biology of Sex Differences, 2021; 12 (1). DOI: 10.1186/s13293-020-00356-x.

Disordered eating in a population‐based sample of young adults during the COVID‐19 outbreak. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 2021; DOI: 10.1002/eat.23505.

Aluminium and Tau in Neurofibrillary Tangles in Familial Alzheimer’s Disease. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease Reports, 2021; 5 (1): 283 DOI: 10.3233/ADR-210011.

Nutrition in Crisis
Higher consumption of red and processed meat is associated with adverse cardiovascular magnetic resonance morpho-functional phenotypes: A study of 19,408 UK Biobank participants. Presented April 15 at ESC Preventive Cardiology 2021, an online scientific congress of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC).
Effect of varying quantities of lean beef as part of a Mediterranean-style dietary pattern on lipids and lipoproteins: a randomized crossover controlled feeding trial. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2021. DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa375.

Betaine ameliorates schizophrenic traits by functionally compensating for KIF3-based CRMP2 transport. Cell Reports 2021; 35 (2): 108971. DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108971.

Ultraviolet A Radiation and COVID‐19 Deaths in the USA with replication studies in England and Italy. British Journal of Dermatology 2021, Apr 8. DOI: 10.1111/bjd.20093.

Postprandial glycaemic dips predict appetite and energy intake in healthy individuals. Nat Metab (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s42255-021-00383-x. 

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14. Campos É, Freire C. Exposure to non-persistent pesticides and thyroid function: A systematic review of epidemiological evidence. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2016 Aug;219(6):481-97.
15. Benbrook CM, Davis DR. The dietary risk index system: a tool to track pesticide dietary risks. Environ Health. 2020 Oct 14;19(1):103.
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17. Makris KC, Konstantinou C, Andrianou XD, Charisiadis P, Kyriacou A, Gribble MO, Christophi CA. A cluster-randomized crossover trial of organic diet impact on biomarkers of exposure to pesticides and biomarkers of oxidative stress/inflammation in primary school children. PLoS One. 2019 Sep 4;14(9):e0219420.
18. Oates L, Cohen M, Braun L, Schembri A, Taskova R. Reduction in urinary organophosphate pesticide metabolites in adults after a week-long organic diet. Environ Res. 2014 Jul;132:105-11.
19. Nankongnab N, Kongtip P, Kallayanatham N, Pundee R, Yimsabai J, Woskie S. Longitudinal Study of Thyroid Hormones between Conventional and Organic Farmers in Thailand. Toxics. 2020 Oct 5;8(4):82.
20. Giuliani A, Zuccarini M, Cichelli A, Khan H, Reale M. Critical Review on the Presence of Phthalates in Food and Evidence of Their Biological Impact. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Aug 5;17(16):5655.
21. Gorini F, Bustaffa E, Coi A, Iervasi G, Bianchi F. Bisphenols as Environmental Triggers of Thyroid Dysfunction: Clues and Evidence. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Apr 13;17(8):2654.
22. Meeker JD, Ferguson KK. Relationship between urinary phthalate and bisphenol A concentrations and serum thyroid measures in U.S. adults and adolescents from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2008. Environ Health Perspect. 2011 Oct;119(10):1396-402. doi: 10.1289/ehp.1103582. Epub 2011 Jul 11.
23. Park C, Choi W, Hwang M, Lee Y, Kim S, Yu S, Lee I, Paek D, Choi K. Associations between urinary phthalate metabolites and bisphenol A levels, and serum thyroid hormones among the Korean adult population – Korean National Environmental Health Survey (KoNEHS) 2012-2014. Sci Total Environ. 2017 Apr 15;584-585:950-957.
24. Wang N, Zhou Y, Fu C, Wang H, Huang P, Wang B, Su M, Jiang F, Fang H, Zhao Q, Chen Y, Jiang Q. Influence of Bisphenol A on Thyroid Volume and Structure Independent of Iodine in School Children. PLoS One. 2015 Oct 23;10(10):e0141248. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141248.
25. Li L, Ying Y, Zhang C, Wang W, Li Y, Feng Y, Liang J, Song H, Wang Y. Bisphenol A exposure and risk of thyroid nodules in Chinese women: A case-control study. Environ Int. 2019 May;126:321-328.
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29. Eisenbrand G, Gelbke HP. Assessing the potential impact on the thyroid axis of environmentally relevant food constituents/contaminants in humans. Arch Toxicol. 2016 Aug;90(8):1841-57. doi: 10.1007/s00204-016-1735-6.
30. Felker P, Bunch R, Leung AM. Concentrations of thiocyanate and goitrin in human plasma, their precursor concentrations in brassica vegetables, and associated potential risk for hypothyroidism. Nutr Rev. 2016 Apr;74(4):248-58.
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34. Petroski W, Minich DM. Is There Such a Thing as “Anti-Nutrients”? A Narrative Review of Perceived Problematic Plant Compounds. Nutrients. 2020 Sep 24;12(10):2929.
35. Kim SSR, He X, Braverman LE, Narla R, Gupta PK, Leung AM. Letter to the Editor. Endocr Pract. 2017 Jul;23(7):885-886. doi: 10.4158/1934-2403-23.7.885. PMID: 28703651; PMCID: PMC6699763.
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37. Paśko P, Krośniak M, Prochownik E, Tyszka-Czochara M, Fołta M, Francik R, Sikora J, Malinowski M, Zagrodzki P. Effect of broccoli sprouts on thyroid function, haematological, biochemical, and immunological parameters in rats with thyroid imbalance. Biomed Pharmacother. 2018 Jan;97:82-90.
38. Chartoumpekis DV, Ziros PG, Chen JG, Groopman JD, Kensler TW, Sykiotis GP. Broccoli sprout beverage is safe for thyroid hormonal and autoimmune status: Results of a 12-week randomized trial. Food Chem Toxicol. 2019 Apr;126:1-6.
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41. Otun J, Sahebkar A, Östlundh L, Atkin SL, Sathyapalan T. Systematic Review and Meta-analysis on the Effect of Soy on Thyroid Function. Sci Rep. 2019 Mar 8;9(1):3964. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-40647-x. PMID: 30850697; PMCID: PMC6408586.
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44. Nakamura Y, Ohsawa I, Goto Y, Tsuji M, Oguchi T, Sato N, Kiuchi Y, Fukumura M, Inagaki M, Gotoh H. Soy isoflavones inducing overt hypothyroidism in a patient with chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis: a case report. J Med Case Rep. 2017 Sep 5;11(1):253. doi: 10.1186/s13256-017-1418-9. PMID: 28870235; PMCID: PMC5583972.
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50. Bouga M, Combet E. Emergence of Seaweed and Seaweed-Containing Foods in the UK: Focus on Labeling, Iodine Content, Toxicity and Nutrition. Foods. 2015 Jun 15;4(2):240-253.
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Long-COVID lessons – CLAIRE SEHINSON

1. ME Association website poll, conducted January 2016. https://meassociation.org.uk.
   2. https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng188/chapter/Context.
   3. “Crunching the numbers: is GBR the sick man of Europe?” by Simon Martin. IHCAN 2021, Feb, 6-7. www.ihcan-mag.com.
   4. Offline: COVID-19 is not a pandemic. Lancet.2020; 396: 874. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32000-6. Discussed in The COVID-19 syndemic is not global: context matters, Lancet 2020, Nov 28;396 (10264):1731. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32218-2.
   5. Glucocorticoids activate Epstein Barr virus lytic replication through the upregulation of immediate early BZLF1 gene expression. Brain Behav Immun 2010, Oct; 24(7):1089-96. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2010.04.013.

JOINTS and BONES

Musculoskeletal involvement of COVID-19: review of imaging. Skeletal Radiology, Feb. 18, 2021; DOI: 10.1007/s00256-021-03734-7.

Pathogenic, glycolytic PD-1 B cells accumulate in the hypoxic RA joint. JCI Insight, 2020; 5 (21) DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.139032.

The Influence of Specific Bioactive Collagen Peptides on Knee Joint Discomfort in Young Physically Active Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2021, Feb 5;13(2):523,  doi: 10.3390/nu13020523.

Vegan Diet and Bone Health—Results from the Cross-Sectional RBVD Study. Nutrients 2021, 13(2), 685; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13020685.

Partial Replacement of Animal Proteins with Plant Proteins for 12 Weeks Accelerates Bone Turnover Among Healthy Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Journal of Nutrition 2021, 151, Jan, 11–19, https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxaa264.

Stabilization of Damaged Articular Cartilage with Hydrogel‐Mediated Reinforcement and Sealing. Advanced Healthcare Materials, 2021; 2100315 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100315.

Vitamin C–enriched gelatin supplementation before intermittent activity augments collagen synthesis. Am J Clin Nutr. 2017 Jan; 105(1): 136–143, doi: 10.3945/ajcn.116.138594.

Cogent Solutions Group references: https://cogentsolutionsgroup.com/what-is-hyaluronan.

Oral Administration of Polymer Hyaluronic Acid Alleviates Symptoms of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study over a 12-Month Period. Scientific World Journal 2012; 2012: 167928. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC351226 .

RESEARCH

Nicotinamide mononucleotide increases muscle insulin sensitivity in prediabetic women. Science 2021, April 22, eabe9985. DOI: 10.1126/science.abe9985.

Potential Role of Vitamin B6 in Ameliorating the Severity of COVID-19 and Its Complications. Front Nutr., 29 October 2020 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2020.562051

Trial of Psilocybin versus Escitalopram for Depression. N Engl J Med 2021; 384:1402-1411. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2032994.

High-throughput fitness screening and transcriptomics identify a role for a type IV secretion system in the pathogenesis of Crohn’s disease-associated Escherichia coli. Nature Communications 2021; 12 (1). DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22306-w.

Developmental trajectory of the healthy human gut microbiota during the first 5 years of life. Cell Host & Microbe, 2021; DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2021.02.021.

The Gut Microbiome in Autism: Study-Site Effects and Longitudinal Analysis of Behavior Change. mSystems, 2021; 6 (2) DOI: 10.1128/mSystems.00848-20.

Sulfoquinovose is a select nutrient of prominent bacteria and a source of hydrogen sulfide in the human gut. The ISME Journal, 2021; DOI: 10.1038/s41396-021-00968-0.

Dietary cocoa ameliorates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and increases markers of antioxidant response and mitochondrial biogenesis in high fat-fed mice. The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 2021; 92: 108618 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108618.

NEW RELEASES

Solgar launch:
1. Hancocks, N. Vitamin Market set to hit £500 but where are the new users? [online] Nutrain Ingredients. 2020.

2. The oral bioavailability of curcumin from micronized powder and liquid micelles is significantly increased in healthy humans and differs between sexes. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2014;0:1-12, doi:10.1002/mnfr.201300724. The oral bioavailability of curcuminoids in healthy humans is markedly enhanced by micellar solubilisation but not further improved by simultaneous ingestion of sesamin, ferulic acid, naringenin and xanthohumol. J Funct Foods. 2015;14:183-191. doi:10.1016/j.jff.2015.01.045.
3. Does bacopa monnieri improve memory performance in older persons? Results of a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. J Altern Complement Med. 2010; 16(7):753-759. doi:10.1089/acm.2009.0342. Efficacy and tolerability of BacoMind® on memory improvement in elderly participants – A double blind placebo controlled study. J Pharmacol Toxicol. 2008; 3(6):425-434. doi:10.3923/jpt.2008.425.434.
4. Hippocampus as a mediator of the role of vitamin B-12 in memory. Am J Clin Nutr. 2016; 103(4):959-960. doi:10.3945/ajcn.116.132266.
5. Erdman JW, MacDonald I, Zeisel SH, International Life Sciences Institute. Present Knowledge in Nutrition. International Life Sciences Institute; 2012. Lecithin and Choline in Human Health and Disease. Nutr Rev. 1994; 52(10):327-339 doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.1994.tb01357.x
6. Efficacy of the special extract ERr 731 from rhapontic rhubarb for menopausal complaints: a 6-month open observational study. Altern Ther Health Med 2008, Nov-Dec, 14(6):32-8.
7. Efficacy and safety of a special extract of Rheum rhaponticum (ERr 731) in perimenopausal women with climacteric complaints: A 12-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Menopause 2006; 13(5):744-759. doi:10.1097/01.gme.0000240632.08182.e4.
8. Confirmation of the efficacy of ERr 731 in perimenopausal women with menopausal symptoms. Altern Ther Health Med. 2009; 15(1):24-34. https://europepmc.org/article/med/19161045.

9.. affron® a novel saffron extract (Crocus sativus L .)  improves mood in healthy adults over 4 weeks in a double-blind, parallel, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial.  Complement Ther Med. 2017;33:58-64. doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2017.06.001.

Bio-Kult:
Rationale of Probiotic Supplementation during Pregnancy and Neonatal Period. Nutrients 2018, Nov 6;10(11):1693,  doi: 10.3390/nu10111693. 

WELCOME

Physical, cognitive and mental health impacts of COVID-19 following hospitalisation: a multi-centre prospective cohort Preprint: medRxiv 2021, 03.22.21254057; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.03.22.21254057.

NEWS

Botanical Medicines Cryptolepis sanguinolenta, Artemisia annua, Scutellaria baicalensis, Polygonum cuspidatum, and Alchornea cordifolia Demonstrate Inhibitory Activity Against Babesia duncani. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol 2021, March 8: https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2021.624745

The use of aspirin for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease is associated with a lower likelihood of COVID‐19 infection. The FEBS Journal, 2021; DOI: 10.1111/febs.15784.
Human rhinovirus infection blocks SARS-CoV-2 replication within the respiratory epithelium: implications for COVID-19 epidemiology. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 23 March 2021, jiab147, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiab147.
Association of Toll-like receptor 7 variants with life-threatening COVID-19 disease in males: findings from a nested case-control study. eLife, 2021; 10 DOI: 10.7554/eLife.67569.
Rare variants increase the risk of severe COVID-19. eLife, 2021; 10 DOI: 10.7554/eLife.67860.
Obesity, walking pace and risk of severe COVID-19 and mortality: analysis of UK Biobank. Int J Obes 2021: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-021-00771-z.
COVID-19 illness in relation to sleep and burnout. BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health 2021;bmjnph-2021-000228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjnph-2021-000228.
Blood omega-3 fatty acids and death from COVID-19: A pilot study. PLEFA 2021, 166, 102250, March 1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plefa.2021.102250.
Low Zinc Levels at Admission Associates with Poor Clinical Outcomes in SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Nutrients 2021; 13(2):562. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13020562.
Body Mass Index and Risk for COVID-19–Related Hospitalization, Intensive Care Unit Admission, Invasive Mechanical Ventilation, and Death — United States, March–December 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2021;70:355–361. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7010e4external icon.

Trends in fall‐related mortality and fall risk increasing drugs among older individuals in the United States,1999–2017. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety, 2021; DOI: 10.1002/pds.5201.

Debaryomyces is enriched in Crohn’s disease intestinal tissue and impairs healing in mice. Science 2021, March 12, 1154-1159. DOI: 10.1126/science.abd0919.

BEN BROWN

1. Marashly ET, Bohlega SA. Riboflavin Has Neuroprotective Potential: Focus on Parkinson’s Disease and Migraine. Front Neurol. 2017 Jul 20;8:333.
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3. Condò M, Posar A, Arbizzani A, Parmeggiani A. Riboflavin prophylaxis in pediatric and adolescent migraine. J Headache Pain. 2009 Oct;10(5):361-5. doi: 10.1007/s10194-009-0142-2. Epub 2009 Aug 1. PMID: 19649688; PMCID: PMC3452096.
4. Talebian A, Soltani B, Banafshe HR, Moosavi GA, Talebian M, Soltani S. Prophylactic effect of riboflavin on pediatric migraine: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Electron Physician. 2018 Feb 25;10(2):6279-6285. doi: 10.19082/6279. PMID: 29629048; PMCID: PMC5878019.
5. MacLennan SC, Wade FM, Forrest KM, Ratanayake PD, Fagan E, Antony J. High-dose riboflavin for migraine prophylaxis in children: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. J Child Neurol. 2008 Nov;23(11):1300-4. doi: 10.1177/0883073808318053. PMID: 18984840.
6. Bruijn J, Duivenvoorden H, Passchier J, Locher H, Dijkstra N, Arts WF. Medium-dose riboflavin as a prophylactic agent in children with migraine: a preliminary placebo-controlled, randomised, double-blind, cross-over trial. Cephalalgia. 2010 Dec;30(12):1426-34. doi: 10.1177/0333102410365106. Epub 2010 Mar 26. PMID: 20974610.
7. Condò M, Posar A, Arbizzani A, Parmeggiani A. Riboflavin prophylaxis in pediatric and adolescent migraine. J Headache Pain. 2009 Oct;10(5):361-5. doi: 10.1007/s10194-009-0142-2. Epub 2009 Aug 1. PMID: 19649688; PMCID: PMC3452096.
8. Schoenen J, Lenaerts M, Bastings E. High-dose riboflavin as a prophylactic treatment of migraine: results of an open pilot study. Cephalalgia. 1994 Oct;14(5):328-9. doi: 10.1046/j.1468-2982.1994.1405328.x. PMID: 7828189.
9. Schoenen J, Jacquy J, Lenaerts M. Effectiveness of high-dose riboflavin in migraine prophylaxis. A randomized controlled trial. Neurology. 1998 Feb;50(2):466-70. doi: 10.1212/wnl.50.2.466. PMID: 9484373.
10. Rahimdel A, Zeinali A, Yazdian-Anari P, Hajizadeh R, Arefnia E. Effectiveness of Vitamin B2 versus Sodium Valproate in Migraine Prophylaxis: a randomized clinical trial. Electron Physician. 2015 Oct 19;7(6):1344-8. doi: 10.14661/1344. PMID: 26516440; PMCID: PMC4623793.
11. Boehnke C, Reuter U, Flach U, Schuh-Hofer S, Einhäupl KM, Arnold G. High-dose riboflavin treatment is efficacious in migraine prophylaxis: an open study in a tertiary care centre. Eur J Neurol. 2004 Jul;11(7):475-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2004.00813.x. PMID: 15257686.
12. Yamanaka G, Suzuki S, Takeshita M, Go S, Morishita N, Takamatsu T, Daida A, Morichi S, Ishida Y, Oana S, Nara S, Shimura M, Nishimata S, Kawashima H. Effectiveness of low-dose riboflavin as a prophylactic agent in pediatric migraine. Brain Dev. 2020 Aug;42(7):523-528. doi: 10.1016/j.braindev.2020.04.002. Epub 2020 Apr 23. PMID: 32336482.
13. Maizels M, Blumenfeld A, Burchette R. A combination of riboflavin, magnesium, and feverfew for migraine prophylaxis: a randomized trial. Headache. 2004 Oct;44(9):885-90. doi: 10.1111/j.1526-4610.2004.04170.x. PMID: 15447697.
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ALZHEIMER’S

Obesity and Brain Vulnerability in Normal and Abnormal Aging: A Multimodal MRI Study’.  Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease Reports 2021, 1 Jan. 65–77: https://content.iospress.com/articles/journal-of-alzheimers-disease-reports/adr200267.
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Cannabidiol Ameliorates Cognitive Function via Regulation of IL-33 and TREM2 Upregulation in a Murine Model of Alzheimer’s Disease. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, 2021; 1 DOI: 10.3233/JAD-210026.
Cognitive Effects of Aerobic Exercise in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. J Alzheimers Dis 2021, 80(1):233-244. DOI: 10.3233/JAD-201100.

Hippocampal transcriptome-wide association study and neurobiological pathway analysis for Alzheimer’s disease. PLoS Genet 2021, 17(2): e1009363. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1009363.

Bredesen ingredients:
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RESEARCH + ALLERGY

Higher airborne pollen concentrations correlated with increased SARS-CoV-2 infection rates, as evidenced from 31 countries across the globe. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2021; 118 (12): e2019034118 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2019034118.

Has the Prevalence of Peanut Allergy Changed Following Earlier Introduction of Peanut? The EarlyNuts Study. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 2021; 147 (2): AB236 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.12.009.

Vitamin D insufficiency is associated with challenge-proven food allergy in infants. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013 Apr;131(4):1109-16, 1116.e1-6, doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.01.017.
Faecal microbiome and metabolome differ in healthy and food-allergic twins. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 2021; 131 (2) DOI: 10.1172/JCI141935.

One-Year Aerobic Exercise Reduced Carotid Arterial Stiffness and Increased Cerebral Blood Flow in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease 2021, 80 (2): 475-492.

Identification of bacteria-derived HLA-bound peptides in melanoma. Nature, 2021; DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03368-8

Paper Notebooks vs. Mobile Devices: Brain Activation Differences During Memory Retrieval. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 2021; 15 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.634158.

Differential Mitochondrial Gene Expression in Adipose Tissue Following Weight Loss Induced by Diet or Bariatric Surgery. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 2021; DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab072.

Effects of Lactobacillus reuteri supplementation on the gut microbiota in extremely preterm infants in a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Cell Reports Medicine, 2021; 100206 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100206.

Green tea extracts containing epigallocatechin-3-gallate modulate facial development in Down syndrome. Scientific Reports 2021, 11, 4715:  https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-83757-1.

WELCOME – SIMON MARTIN

“The long tail of Covid-19” – The detection of a prolonged inflammatory response after a SARS-CoV-2 infection in asymptomatic and mildly affected patients. F1000Res 2020, Nov 19;9:1349. Doi: 10.12688/f1000research.27287.2.

Updated estimates of coronavirus (COVID-19) related deaths by disability status, England: 24 January to 20 November 2020.
https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/birthsdeathsandmarriages/deaths/articles/coronaviruscovid19relateddeathsbydisabilitystatusenglandandwales/24januaryto20november2020.

COVID-19 deaths with no health condition or obesity registered:
https://www.ons.gov.uk/aboutus/transparencyandgovernance/freedomofinformationfoi/covid19deathswithnohealthconditionorobesityregistered.

MEA Statement: NHS England Guidance on the Management of Post-Covid Fatigue Syndromes.

https://meassociation.org.uk/2020/08/mea-statement-nhs-england-guidance-on-the-management-of-post-covid-fatigue-syndromes.

NEWS

Changes over 15 years in the contribution of adiposity and smoking to deaths in England and Scotland. BMC Public Health 21, 169 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-10167-3.

Neurologic Manifestations of Hospitalized Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Wuhan, China. JAMA Neurol. 2020;77(6):683-690. doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.1127.

SARS-CoV-2 and Stroke in a New York Healthcare System. Stroke 2020;51:2002–2011. doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.120.030335Stroke.

Characteristics and outcomes in patients with Covid-19 and acute ischemic stroke. Stroke. 2020;51:e254–e258.

Vitamin C and care homes

https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2020/10/15/long-term-elder-care-coronavirus-nursing-homes-research-lessons.

The Age of Scurvy – In a time of warring empires and transoceanic voyages, sailors dreaded scurvy more than any other disease. Catherine Price, August 14, 2017, Science History Institute: https://www.sciencehistory.org/distillations/the-age-of-scurvy.
Micronutrients: highlights and research challenges from the 1994–5 National Diet and Nutrition Survey of people aged 65 years and over. British Journal of Nutrition (1999), 82, 7–15

BMJ 2020; 369 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m2334

Age-related decline of sodium-dependent ascorbic acid transport in isolated rat hepatocytes. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2003 Feb 1;410(1):112-20. doi: 10.1016/s0003-9861(02)00678-1. PMID: 12559983.

Faure et al. 2006; Birlouez-Aragon et al. 2001; Ravindran et al. 2011; Nyyssonen et al. 1997; Wrieden et al. 2000). Schleicher, R.L.; Carroll, M.D.; Ford, E.S.; Lacher, D.A. Serum vitamin C and the prevalence of vitamin C deficiency in the United States: 2003–2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).

Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2009, 90, 1252–1263.

Serum levels of Vitamin C and Vitamin D in a cohort of critically ill COVID-19 patients of a North American Community Hospital Intensive Care Unit in May 2020. A Pilot Study, Medicine in Drug Discovery (2020), DOI:10.1016/j.medidd.2020.100064

The clinical effects of vitamin C supplementation in elderly hospitalised patients with acute respiratory infections. Int. J. Vitam. Nutr. Res. 1994, 64, 212–219. Available online: http://www.mv.helsinki.fi/home/hemila/CP/Hunt_1994_ch.pdf 

Vitamin C levels in patients with SARS-CoV-2-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome. Critical Care (2020) 24:522, DOI:10.1186/s13054-020-03249-y

Molecular basis of bacterial disinfectant resistance. Drug Resist Updat. 2020 Jan;48:100672. doi: 10.1016/j.drup.2019.100672. Epub 2019 Nov 30. PMID: 31830738.

Transmission of COVID-19 in 282 clusters in Catalonia, Spain: a cohort study. The Lancet Infectious Diseases 2021, February 02. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30985-3.

Updated estimates of coronavirus (COVID-19) related deaths by disability status, England: 24 January to 20 November 2020.
https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/birthsdeathsandmarriages/deaths/articles/coronaviruscovid19relateddeathsbydisabilitystatusenglandandwales/24januaryto20november2020.

Massive expansion of human gut bacteriophage diversity. Cell, 2021; 184 (4): 1098 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.01.029

BEN BROWN – post-COVID syndrome

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5. Boursier V, Gioia F, Musetti A, Schimmenti A. Facing Loneliness and Anxiety During the COVID-19 Isolation: The Role of Excessive Social Media Use in a Sample of Italian Adults. Front Psychiatry. 2020 Dec 8;11:586222. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.586222. PMID: 33363484; PMCID: PMC7752864.
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7. Lin D, Friedman DB, Qiao S, Tam CC, Li X, Li X. Information uncertainty: a correlate for acute stress disorder during the COVID-19 outbreak in China. BMC Public Health. 2020 Dec 7;20(1):1867. doi: 10.1186/s12889-020-09952-3. PMID: 33287780; PMCID: PMC7719728.
8. COVID-19 rapid guideline: managing the long-term effects of COVID-19. London: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (UK); 2020 Dec 18. PMID: 33555768.
9. Moreno-Pérez O, Merino E, Leon-Ramirez JM, Andres M, Ramos JM, Arenas-Jiménez J, Asensio S, Sanchez R, Ruiz-Torregrosa P, Galan I, Scholz A, Amo A, González-delaAleja P, Boix V, Gil J; COVID19-ALC research group. Post-acute COVID-19 Syndrome. Incidence and risk factors: a Mediterranean cohort study. J Infect. 2021 Jan 12:S0163-4453(21)00009-8.
10. Carvalho-Schneider C, Laurent E, Lemaignen A, Beaufils E, Bourbao-Tournois C, Laribi S, Flament T, Ferreira-Maldent N, Bruyère F, Stefic K, Gaudy-Graffin C, Grammatico-Guillon L, Bernard L. Follow-up of adults with noncritical COVID-19 two months after symptom onset. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2020 Oct 5;27(2):258–63. doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.09.052. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 33031948; PMCID: PMC7534895.
11. Townsend L, Dowds J, O’Brien K, Sheill G, Dyer AH, O’Kelly B, Hynes JP, Mooney A, Dunne J, Ni Cheallaigh C, O’Farrelly C, Bourke NM, Conlon N, Martin-Loeches I, Bergin C, Nadarajan P, Bannan C. Persistent Poor Health Post-COVID-19 Is Not Associated with Respiratory Complications or Initial Disease Severity. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2021 Jan 8. doi: 10.1513/AnnalsATS.202009-1175OC. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 33413026.
12. Walsh-Messinger J, Manis H, Vrabec A, Sizemore J, Bishof K, Debidda M, Malaspina D, Greenspan N. The Kids Are Not Alright: A Preliminary Report of Post-COVID Syndrome in University Students. medRxiv [Preprint]. 2020 Nov 29:2020.11.24.20238261. doi: 10.1101/2020.11.24.20238261. PMID: 33269366; PMCID: PMC7709187.
13. Covid Symptoms Study. How long does COVID-19 last? June 6, 2020 https://covid.joinzoe.com/post/covid-long-term
14. Simani L, Ramezani M, Darazam IA, Sagharichi M, Aalipour MA, Ghorbani F, Pakdaman H. Prevalence and correlates of chronic fatigue syndrome and post-traumatic stress disorder after the outbreak of the COVID-19. J Neurovirol. 2021 Feb 2:1–6. doi: 10.1007/s13365-021-00949-1. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 33528827; PMCID: PMC7852482.
15. Wostyn P. COVID-19 and chronic fatigue syndrome: Is the worst yet to come? Med Hypotheses. 2021 Jan 2;146:110469. doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110469. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 33401106.
16. Lopez-Leon S, Wegman-Ostrosky T, Perelman C, Sepulveda R, Rebolledo PA, Cuapio A, Villapol S. More than 50 Long-term effects of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. medRxiv [Preprint]. 2021 Jan 30:2021.01.27.21250617. doi: 10.1101/2021.01.27.21250617. PMID: 33532785; PMCID: PMC7852236.
17. Hoong CWS, Amin MNME, Tan TC, Lee JE. Viral arthralgia a new manifestation of COVID-19 infection? A cohort study of COVID-19-associated musculoskeletal symptoms. Int J Infect Dis. 2021 Jan 18;104:363-369. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.01.031. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 33476761; PMCID: PMC7813485.
18. Liu JWTW, de Luca RD, Mello Neto HO, Barcellos I. Post-COVID-19 Syndrome? New daily persistent headache in the aftermath of COVID-19. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2020 Nov;78(11):753-754. doi: 10.1590/0004-282X20200187. PMID: 33331469.
19. Miglis MG, Prieto T, Shaik R, Muppidi S, Sinn DI, Jaradeh S. A case report of postural tachycardia syndrome after COVID-19. Clin Auton Res. 2020 Oct;30(5):449-451. doi: 10.1007/s10286-020-00727-9. Epub 2020 Sep 3. PMID: 32880754; PMCID: PMC7471493.
20. Chandrashekara S, Jaladhar P, Paramshetti S, Ramachandran V, Nizar SF, Kori D. Post COVID Inflammation Syndrome: Different Manifestations Caused by the Virus. J Assoc Physicians India. 2020 Dec;68(12):33-34. PMID: 33247640.
21. Ahmed H, Patel K, Greenwood DC, Halpin S, Lewthwaite P, Salawu A, Eyre L, Breen A, O’Connor R, Jones A, Sivan M. Long-term clinical outcomes in survivors of severe acute respiratory syndrome and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus outbreaks after hospitalisation or ICU admission: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Rehabil Med. 2020 May 31;52(5):jrm00063. doi: 10.2340/16501977-2694. PMID: 32449782.
22. Brodin P. Immune determinants of COVID-19 disease presentation and severity. Nat Med. 2021 Jan;27(1):28-33. doi: 10.1038/s41591-020-01202-8. Epub 2021 Jan 13. PMID: 33442016.
23. Yang S, Tian M, Johnson AN. SARS-CoV-2 protein ORF3a is pathogenic in Drosophila and causes phenotypes associated with COVID-19 post-viral syndrome. bioRxiv [Preprint]. 2020 Dec 20:2020.12.20.423533.
24. Dennis, A. et al. Multi-organ impairment in low-risk individuals with long COVID. Preprint at medRxiv https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.14.20212555 (2020).
25. Doykov I, Hällqvist J, Gilmour KC, Grandjean L, Mills K, Heywood WE. ‘The long tail of Covid-19’ – The detection of a prolonged inflammatory response after a SARS-CoV-2 infection in asymptomatic and mildly affected patients. F1000Res. 2020 Nov 19;9:1349. doi: 10.12688/f1000research.27287.2.
26. Brown BI. Chronic fatigue syndrome: a personalized integrative medicine approach. Altern Ther Health Med. 2014 Jan-Feb;20(1):29-40. PMID: 24445354.
27. Stefano GB, Ptacek R, Ptackova H, Martin A, Kream RM. Selective Neuronal Mitochondrial Targeting in SARS-CoV-2 Infection Affects Cognitive Processes to Induce ‘Brain Fog’ and Results in Behavioral Changes that Favor Viral Survival. Med Sci Monit. 2021 Jan 25;27:e930886. doi: 10.12659/MSM.930886. PMID: 33487628; PMCID: PMC7845145.
28. Moreno Fernández-Ayala DJ, Navas P, López-Lluch G. Age-related mitochondrial dysfunction as a key factor in COVID-19 disease. Exp Gerontol. 2020 Dec;142:111147. doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.111147. Epub 2020 Nov 7. PMID: 33171276; PMCID: PMC7648491
29. Nunn AVW, Guy GW, Brysch W, Botchway SW, Frasch W, Calabrese EJ, Bell JD. SARS-CoV-2 and mitochondrial health: implications of lifestyle and ageing. Immun Ageing. 2020 Nov 9;17(1):33. doi: 10.1186/s12979-020-00204-x. PMID: 33292333; PMCID: PMC7649575.
30. Brown BI. Chronic fatigue syndrome: a personalized integrative medicine approach. Altern Ther Health Med. 2014 Jan-Feb;20(1):29-40. PMID: 24445354.
31. Ostojic SM. Diagnostic and Pharmacological Potency of Creatine in Post-Viral Fatigue Syndrome. Nutrients. 2021 Feb 4;13(2):503. doi: 10.3390/nu13020503. PMID: 33557013.
32. Wood E, Hall KH, Tate W. Role of mitochondria, oxidative stress and the response to antioxidants in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome: a possible approach to SARS-CoV-2 ‘long-haulers’? Chronic Dis Transl Med. 2020 Nov 21. doi: 10.1016/j.cdtm.2020.11.002. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 33251031; PMCID: PMC7680046.
33. Bland JS. The Long Haul of COVID-19 Recovery: Immune Rejuvenation versus Immune Support. Integr Med (Encinitas). 2020 Dec;19(6):18-22. PMID: 33488306; PMCID: PMC7819497.

ANTIOXIDANTS

Effect of High-Dose Zinc and Ascorbic Acid Supplementation vs Usual Care on Symptom Length and Reduction Among Ambulatory Patients With SARS-CoV-2 Infection: The COVID A to Z Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(2):e210369. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.0369.

Daily Mail, February 13, 2021: https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-9256777/Vitamin-C-zinc-WONT-help-fight-Covid-high-doses-study-reveals.html.

Therapeutic 8 g/day of vitamin C increases recovery rate from SARS-CoV-2 infection by 71% (P = 0.036) based on the randomized trial by Thomas et al. (2021). Prof Harri Hemilä comment: https://pubpeer.com/publications/6DFC3BD2E1DAA79A9BBD1DAF5D9BB4#1.

Vitamin C review article: Vitamin C – An Adjunctive Therapy for Respiratory Infection, Sepsis and COVID-19. Nutrients 2020, Dec 7;12(12):3760, doi: 10.3390/nu12123760.

EGCG binds intrinsically disordered N-terminal domain of p53 and disrupts p53-MDM2 interaction. Nature Communications, 2021; 12 (1) DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21258-5.

An Antioxidant Enzyme Therapeutic for COVID‐19. Advanced Materials, 2020; 2004901 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202004901.

Dietary table grape protects against UV photodamage in humans: 1. clinical evaluation. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 2021. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2021.01.035.

Effects of an Antioxidant-enriched Multivitamin in Cystic Fibrosis. A Randomized, Controlled, Multicenter Clinical Trial.  American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 2018, Sept 1, Vol 198, Issue 5, https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201801-0105OC .

MUSHROOM NUTRITION

1. Assimakopoulos D, Patrikakos G. Treatment of Ménière’s disease by intratympanic gentamicin application. J Laryngol Otol 2003;117(1):10–16. doi: 10.1258/002221503321046586
2. Megerian, CA, Cli A. Diameter of the cochlear nerve in endolymphatic hydrops: Implications for the etiology of hearing loss in Meniere’s disease. Laryngoscope 2005;9:1525–1535.
3. Capaccio P, Pignataro L, Gaini LM, Sigismund PE, Novembrino C, De Giuseppe R. Unbalanced oxidative status in idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2012;269:449–453. doi:10.1007/s00405-011-1671-2.
4. Elsayed EA, El Enshasy H, Wadaan MAM, Aziz R. Mushrooms: a potential natural source of anti-inflammatory compounds for medical applications. Mediat Inflamm 2014;2014:805841.
5. Scuto M, Di Mauro P, Ontario ML, Amato C, Modafferi S, Ciavardelli D, Trovato Salinaro A, Maiolino L, Calabrese V. Nutritional mushroom treatment in Meniere’s disease with Coriolus versicolor: a rationale for therapeutic intervention in neuroinflammation and antineurodegeneration. Int J Molec Sci 2020;21:284.
6. Esterbauer H, Schaur RJ, Zollner H. Chemistry and biochemistry of 4-hydroxynonenal, malonaldehyde and related aldehydes. Free Radic Biol Med 1991;11(1):81–128.
7. Trovato A, Siracusa R, Di Paola R, Scuto M, Fronte V, Koverech G, Luca M, Serra A, Toscano MA, Petralia A, Cuzzocrea S, Calabrese V. Redox modulation of cellular stress response and lipoxin A4 expression by Coriolus versicolor in rat brain: relevance to Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis. NeuroToxicology 2016;53:350–358. .
8. Trovato A, Pennisi M, Crupi R, Di Paola R, Alario A, Modafferi S, Di Rosa G, Fernandes T, Signorile A, Maiolino L, Cuzzocrea S, Calabrese V. Neuroinflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease: modulation by Coriolus versicolor (Yun-Zhi) nutritional mushroom. J Neurol Neuromed 2017;2(1):19–28.
9. Moura CS, Lollo PCB, Morato PN, Amaya-Farfan J. Dietary nutrients and bioactive substances modulate heat shock protein (HSP) expression: a review. Nutrients 2018;10(6):683.
10. Araujo JA, Zhang M, Yin F. Heme Oxygenase-1, Oxidation, Inflammation, and Atherosclrosis. Front Pharmacol 2012, 3:119.
11. Lee S, Kim SM, Lee RT. Thioredoxin and thioredoxin target proteins: from molecular mechanisms to functional significance. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013;18(10):1165-1207.
12. Cao Y, Yan Z, Zhou T, Wang G. SIRT1 regulates cognitive performance and ability of learning and memory in diabetic and nondiabetic models. J Diabetes Res 2017;2017:712187.
13. Ferguson G, Bridge W. Glutamate cysteine ligase and the age-related decline in cellular glutathione: the therapeutic potential of γ-glutamylcysteine. Arch Biochem Biophys 2016;593:12-23.

RESEARCH

Citrus Polyphenols in Brain Health and Disease: Current Perspectives. Front Neurosci.,19 February 2021, https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2021.640648.

Vitamin C and Covid-19.  Front. Med 2021, 18 January 2021 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2020.559811.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 serology levels in pregnant women and their neonates. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2021; DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2021.01.016

Fructose reprogrammes glutamine-dependent oxidative metabolism to support LPS-induced inflammation. Nature Communications 2021; 12 (1) DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21461-4.

Air pollution exposure is linked with methylation of immunoregulatory genes, altered immune cell profiles, and increased blood pressure in children. Scientific Reports 2021; 11 (1). DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83577-3.

The one-carbon pool controls mitochondrial energy metabolism via complex I and iron-sulfur clusters. Science Advances 2021; 7 (8): eabf0717 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf0717.

Food anaphylaxis in the United Kingdom: analysis of national data, 1998-2018. BMJ 2021; n251 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.n251.

Rural-urban differences in antibiotic prescribing for uncomplicated urinary tract infection. Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology. Web (February 24, 2021).

NEW RELEASES

The Long Haul of COVID-19 Recovery: Immune Rejuvenation versus Immune Support. Integrative Medicine 2020, 19, 6, December.

NEWS

State of the Nation – SIMON MARTIN

https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/?utm_campaign=homeAdvegas1?

https://gco.iarc.fr/today/data/factsheets/populations/826-united-kingdom-fact-sheets.pdf WHO’s International Agency for Research on Cancer – aka The Global Cancer Observatory.
Every two minutes someone in the UK is diagnosed with cancer:  www.cancerresearchuk.org 

https://www.macmillan.org.uk/_images/cancer-statistics-factsheet_tcm9-260514.pdf.

Delineating the adverse impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on patients with cancer and cancer services. Health Data Research UK, May 13, 2020.  https://www.hdruk.ac.uk/case-studies/delineating-the-adverse-impacts-of-the-covid-19-pandemic-on-patients-with-cancer-and-cancer-services.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cancer deaths due to delays in diagnosis in England, UK: a national, population-based, modelling study. The Lancet Oncology 2020, Open Access, July 20. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(20)30388-0

UK incidence of cancer: https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/health-professional/cancer-statistics/incidence#heading-Zero.

https://mrc.ukri.org/documents/pdf/diabetes-uk-facts-and-stats-june-2015.

Diabetes in the UK: 2019. Diabet Med 2020, Jan 4, 37, 242–7: https://doi.org/10.1111/dme.14225.

https://digital.nhs.uk/data-and-information/publications/statistical/statistics-on-obesity-physical-activity-and-diet/england-2020.

 “Around three-quarters of people aged 45-74 in England are overweight or obese”: (https://digital.nhs.uk/data-and-information/publications/statistical/health-survey-for-england/2019.)

NHS England 2020: https://www.england.nhs.uk/ourwork/clinical-policy/respiratory-disease.

“Air pollution a cause in girl’s death, coroner rules in landmark case”. Sandra Laville, The Guardian, Dec 16 2020. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/dec/16/girls-death-contributed-to-by-air-pollution-coroner-rules-in-landmark-case.

Heart disease: https://www.bhf.org.uk/what-we-do/our-research/heart-statistics.

https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/health-matters-combating-high-blood-pressure/health-matters-combating-high-blood-pressure.

https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/prescribed-medicines-review-report/prescribed-medicines-review-summary.

Long Term Conditions Compendium of Information: Third Edition, Department of Health, 2012, quoted in https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/307143/Comorbidities_framework.pdf.

The comorbidity burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus: patterns, clusters and predictions from a large English primary care cohort. BMC Med 2019, 17, 145: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-019-1373-y.

https://statistics.blf.org.uk/lung-disease-uk-big-picture#:~:text=Numbers%20of%20people%20in%20the,or%20another%20longstanding%20respiratory%20illness.

Pilot trial of high-dose vitamin C in critically ill COVID-19 patients. Ann. Intensive Care 2021, 11, 5: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13613-020-00792-3.

Characterizing Long COVID in an International Cohort: 7 Months of Symptoms and Their Impact. medRxiv 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.12.24.20248802.

BEN BROWN – COVID and resilience

1. Bland J. Reflections on the COVID-19 Pandemic. Medium. April 12, 2020.
2. Nieman DC. Coronavirus disease-2019: A tocsin to our aging, unfit, corpulent, and immunodeficient society. J Sport Health Sci. 2020 Jul;9(4):293-301.
3. Preskorn SH. The 5% of the Population at High Risk for Severe COVID-19 Infection Is Identifiable and Needs to Be Taken Into Account When Reopening the Economy. J Psychiatr Pract. 2020 May;26(3):219-227.
4. Horton R. Offline: COVID-19 is not a pandemic. Lancet. 2020 Sep 26;396(10255):874.
5. Lustig RH. Ultraprocessed Food: Addictive, Toxic, and Ready for Regulation. Nutrients. 2020 Nov 5;12(11):3401.
6. Sagner M, Katz D, Egger G, Lianov L, Schulz KH, Braman M, Behbod B, Phillips E, Dysinger W, Ornish D. Lifestyle medicine potential for reversing a world of chronic disease epidemics: from cell to community. Int J Clin Pract. 2014 Nov;68(11):1289-92. doi: 10.1111/ijcp.12509. PMID: 25348380.
7. Sepúlveda-Loyola W, Rodríguez-Sánchez I, Pérez-Rodríguez P, Ganz F, Torralba R, Oliveira DV, Rodríguez-Mañas L. Impact of Social Isolation Due to COVID-19 on Health in Older People: Mental and Physical Effects and Recommendations. J Nutr Health Aging. 2020;24(9):938-947.
8. Cheng Z, Mendolia S, Paloyo AR, Savage DA, Tani M. Working parents, financial insecurity, and childcare: mental health in the time of COVID-19 in the UK. Rev Econ Househ. 2021 Jan 12:1-22.
9. Santarsiero A, Giustini M, Quadrini F, D’Alessandro D, Fara GM. Effectiveness of face masks for the population. Ann Ig. 2020 Dec 3. doi: 10.7416/ai.2020.2390.
10. Rubin EJ, Longo DL. SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination – An Ounce (Actually, Much Less) of Prevention. N Engl J Med. 2020 Dec 31;383(27):2677-2678.
11. Vainshelboim B. Facemasks in the COVID-19 era: A health hypothesis. Med Hypotheses. 2020 Nov 22;146:110411.
12. Hamer M, Kivimäki M, Gale CR, Batty GD. Lifestyle risk factors, inflammatory mechanisms, and COVID-19 hospitalization: A community-based cohort study of 387,109 adults in UK. Brain Behav Immun. 2020 Jul;87:184-187.
13. Enhanced ACE2 expression, pre-existing endothelial dysfunction and procoagulant state
14. Scalsky RJ, Desai K, Chen YJ, O’Connell JR, Perry JA, Hong CC. Baseline Cardiometabolic Profiles and SARS-CoV-2 Risk in the UK Biobank. medRxiv [Preprint]. 2020 Jul 29:2020.07.25.20161091.
15. Zhu L, She Z-G, Cheng X, et al. Association of blood glucose control and outcomes in patients with COVID-19 and pre-existing type 2 diabetes. Cell Metab 2020;31:1068–77.
16. Holman N, Knighton P, Kar P, O’Keefe J, Curley M, Weaver A, Barron E, Bakhai C, Khunti K, Wareham NJ, Sattar N, Young B, Valabhji J. Risk factors for COVID-19-related mortality in people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes in England: a population-based cohort study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2020 Oct;8(10):823-833.
17. Zhu B, Jin S, Wu L, Hu C, Wang Z, Bu L, Sun H, Wang X, Qu S, Chen D. J-shaped association between fasting blood glucose levels and COVID-19 severity in patients without diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2020 Oct;168:108381.
18. Rubino, F. et al. New-onset diabetes in Covid-19. N. Engl. J. Med. 383, 789–790 (2020).
19. Holly JMP, Biernacka K, Maskell N, Perks CM. Obesity, Diabetes and COVID-19: An Infectious Disease Spreading From the East Collides With the Consequences of an Unhealthy Western Lifestyle. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2020 Sep 17;11:582870.
20. Mohammad S, Aziz R, Al Mahri S, Malik SS, Haji E, Khan AH, Khatlani TS, Bouchama A. Obesity and COVID-19: what makes obese host so vulnerable? Immun Ageing. 2021 Jan 4;18(1):1. doi: 10.1186/s12979-020-00212-x. PMID: 33390183; PMCID: PMC7779330.
21. Nutrition, immunity and COVID-19. BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health 2020;3:doi: 10.1136/bmjnph-2020-000085. Grant WB, Lahore H, McDonnell SL, et al. Evidence that Vitamin D Supplementation Could Reduce Risk of Influenza and COVID-19 Infections and Deaths. Nutrients. 2020;12(4):E988.
22. Holford P, Carr AC, Jovic TH, Ali SR, Whitaker IS, Marik PE, Smith AD. Vitamin C-An Adjunctive Therapy for Respiratory Infection, Sepsis and COVID-19. Nutrients. 2020 Dec 7;12(12):3760.
23. Demasi M. COVID-19 and metabolic syndrome: could diet be the key? BMJ Evid Based Med. 2020 Jul 10:bmjebm-2020-111451. doi: 10.1136/bmjebm-2020-111451. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 32651302.
24. Angelidi AM, Kokkinos A, Katechaki E, Ros E, Mantzoros CS. Mediterranean diet as a nutritional approach for COVID-19. Metabolism. 2021 Jan;114:154407. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154407. Epub 2020 Oct 17. PMID: 33080270.
25. Annunziata G, Sanduzzi Zamparelli M, Santoro C, Ciampaglia R, Stornaiuolo M, Tenore GC, et al. May Polyphenols Have a Role Against Coronavirus Infection? An Overview of in vitro Evidence. Front Med (Lausanne). 2020;7:240.
26. Mendonca P, Soliman KFA. Flavonoids Activation of the Transcription Factor Nrf2 as a Hypothesis Approach for the Prevention and Modulation of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Severity. Antioxidants (Basel). 2020;9(8):659.
27. Paoli A, Gorini S, Caprio M. The dark side of the spoon – glucose, ketones and COVID-19: a possible role for ketogenic diet? J Transl Med. 2020 Nov 20;18(1):441.
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32. Tan CW, Ho LP, Kalimuddin S, Cherng BPZ, Teh YE, Thien SY, Wong HM, Tern PJW, Chandran M, Chay JWM, Nagarajan C, Sultana R, Low JGH, Ng HJ. Cohort study to evaluate the effect of vitamin D, magnesium, and vitamin B12 in combination on progression to severe outcomes in older patients with coronavirus (COVID-19). Nutrition. 2020 Nov-Dec;79-80:111017. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.111017. Epub 2020 Sep 8. PMID: 33039952.
33. Polonikov A. Endogenous deficiency of glutathione as the most likely cause of serious manifestations and death in COVID-19 patients. ACS Infect Dis. 2020: (2):8–12.
34. Horowitz RI, Freeman PR, Bruzzese J. Efficacy of glutathione therapy in relieving dyspnea associated with COVID-19 pneumonia: A report of 2 cases. Respir Med Case Rep. 2020 Apr 21;30:101063.

COVID and the GUT – SIMON MARTIN

Zwickey: Covid-19: What We Know Now About Spread, Shedding Period, Symptoms, and Effects of Pollen,  a follow-up interview with Heather Zwickey, PhD. Natural Medicine Journal, April 2020 Vol. 12 Issue 4.

GI symptoms in Chinese patients: Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients with digestive symptoms in Hubei, China: a descriptive, cross-sectional, multicenter study. https://journals.lww.com/ajg/Documents/COVID_Digestive_Symptoms_AJG_Preproof.pdf.

COVID-19 and Gastrointestinal Disease: Implications for the Gastroenterologist. Digestive Diseases 2020: https://doi.org/10.1159/000512152.

Involvement of digestive system in COVID-19: manifestations, pathology, management and challenges. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2020; 13: doi: 10.1177/1756284820934626.

RESEARCH

UV-LED disinfection of Coronavirus: Wavelength effect. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 2020, 212: 112044 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2020.112044.

Triptolide targets super-enhancer networks in pancreatic cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts. Oncogenesis 2020, 9 (11). DOI: 10.1038/s41389-020-00285-9.

Targeting CD38-dependent NAD+ metabolism to mitigate multiple organ fibrosis. iScience 2021; 24 (1): 101902 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101902.

Local immune response to food antigens drives meal-induced abdominal pain. Nature 2021. DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-03118-2.

Effect of green-Mediterranean diet on intrahepatic fat: the DIRECT PLUS randomised controlled trial. Gut, 2021. Published online first: 18 January. Open Access, doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-323106.

The Effect of Wolffia globosa Mankai, a Green Aquatic Plant, on Postprandial Glycemic Response: A Randomized Crossover Controlled Trial. Diabetes Care, 2019; 42 (7): 1162 DOI: 10.2337/dc18-2319.

Circulating mitochondrial DNA is an early indicator of severe illness and mortality from COVID-19. JCI Insight 2021. DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.143299.

NEWS

Diverse Functional Autoantibodies in Patients with COVID-19.

medRxiv 2020.12.10.20247205; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.12.10.20247205.
Pre-print, not peer-reviewed.

Prothrombotic autoantibodies in serum from patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Science Translational Medicine, Nov. 2, 2020; DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abd3876.

Antimalarial Drug Shortages During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results from the Global Rheumatology Alliance Patient Experience Survey. Research presented at ACR Convergence 2020, the American College of Rheumatology’s annual meeting.

https://acrabstracts.org/abstract/antimalarial-drug-shortages-during-the-covid-19-pandemic-results-from-the-global-rheumatology-alliance-patient-experience-survey.

Autoantibodies against type I IFNs in patients with life-threatening COVID-19.

Science, 2020 Oct 23, 370, Issue 6515, eabd4585. DOI: 10.1126/science.abd4585.

Effect of gut microbiota on depressive-like behaviors in mice is mediated by the endocannabinoid system. Nat Commun 2020, 11, 6363. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-19931-2.

Genetic mechanisms of critical illness in Covid-19. Nature 2020, Dec 11:  https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-03065-y.

Anti-Quorum Sensing Activity of Stevia Extract, Stevioside, Rebaudioside A and Their Aglycon Steviol. Molecules 2020, 25, 5480: https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/22/5480.

Blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum) lowers sugar-induced postprandial glycaemia independently and in a product with fermented quinoa: A randomised crossover trial. British Journal of Nutrition 2020, 1-10. doi:10.1017/S0007114520004468.

Glucosamine/Chondroitin and Mortality in a US NHANES Cohort. The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine, 2020; 33 (6): 842. DOI: 10.3122/jabfm.2020.06.200110.

Glucosamine/Chondroitin and Mortality in a US NHANES Cohort. The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine, 2020; 33 (6): 842. DOI: 10.3122/jabfm.2020.06.200110.

Reversal of the Pathophysiological Responses to Gram-Negative Sepsis by Megadose Vitamin C. Critical Care Medicine 2020, Nov 25, Online First, doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000004770.

NEW RELEASES
Dried urine and salivary profiling for complete assessment of cortisol and cortisol metabolites. Journal of Clinical & Translational Endocrinology 2020, 22, 100243.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcte.2020.100243.

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Coronosomnia – UC Davis

The acute effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on insomnia and psychological symptoms. Sleep Med 202, S1389-9457(20)30261-6. DOI:10.1016/j.sleep.2020.06.005. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7274952.

D, K, COVID and heart disease: Dr TRYGVE BERGELAND
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2.    Madjid, M., Safavi-Naeini, P., Solomon, S. D., & Vardeny, O. (2020). Potential effects of coronaviruses on the cardiovascular system: a review. JAMA cardiology, 5(7):831–840.
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10.    Wu, Z., & McGoogan, J. M. (2020). Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: summary of a report of 72 314 cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Jama, 323(13), 1239-1242.
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23.    D’Avolio, A., Avataneo, V., Manca, A., Cusato, J., De Nicolò, A., Lucchini, R., … & Cantù, M. (2020). 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations are lower in patients with positive PCR for SARS-CoV-2. Nutrients, 12(5), 1359.
24.    Ilie, P. C., Stefanescu, S., & Smith, L. (2020). The role of vitamin D in the prevention of coronavirus disease 2019 infection and mortality. Aging Clinical and Experimental Research, 1-4.
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27.    Maghbooli, Z., Ebrahimi, M., Shirvani, A., Nasiri, M., Pazoki, M., Kafan, S., … & Holick, M. F. (2020). Vitamin D sufficiency reduced risk for morbidity and mortality in COVID-19 patients. Available at SSRN 3616008.
28.    Meltzer, D. O., Best, T. J., Zhang, H., Vokes, T., Arora, V., & Solway, J. (2020). Association of vitamin D status and other clinical characteristics with COVID-19 test results. JAMA network open, 3(9), e2019722-e2019722.
29.    Panagiotou, G., Tee, S. A., Ihsan, Y., Athar, W., Marchitelli, G., Kelly, D., … & Burns, G. (2020). Low serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25 [OH] D) levels in patients hospitalized with COVID‐19 are associated with greater disease severity. Clinical endocrinology, 93(4), 508-511.
30.    Radujkovic, A., Hippchen, T., Tiwari-Heckler, S., Dreher, S., Boxberger, M., & Merle, U. (2020). Vitamin D Deficiency and Outcome of COVID-19 Patients. Nutrients, 12(9), 2757.
31.    Grant, W. B., Lahore, H., McDonnell, S. L., Baggerly, C. A., French, C. B., Aliano, J. L., & Bhattoa, H. P. (2020). Evidence that vitamin D supplementation could reduce risk of influenza and COVID-19 infections and deaths. Nutrients, 12(4), 988.
32.    Van Ballegooijen, A. J., & Beulens, J. W. (2017). The role of vitamin K status in cardiovascular health: evidence from observational and clinical studies. Current nutrition reports, 6(3), 197-205.
33.    Janssen, R., Visser, M. P., Dofferhoff, A. S., Vermeer, C., Janssens, W., & Walk, J. (2020). Vitamin K metabolism as the potential missing link between lung damage and thromboembolism in Covid-19. British Journal of Nutrition, 1-25.
34.    Lutsey, P. L., & Michos, E. D. (2013). Vitamin D, calcium, and atherosclerotic risk: evidence from serum levels and supplementation studies. Current atherosclerosis reports, 15(1), 293.
35.    Maresz, K. (2015). Proper calcium use: vitamin K2 as a promoter of bone and cardiovascular health. Integrative Medicine: A Clinician’s Journal, 14(1), 34.
36.   Sung, K. C., Chang, Y., Ryu, S., & Chung, H. K. (2016). High levels of serum vitamin D are associated with a decreased risk of metabolic diseases in both men and women, but an increased risk for coronary artery calcification in Korean men. Cardiovascular diabetology, 15(1), 112.
37.    Wang, J., Zhou, J. J., Robertson, G. R., & Lee, V. W. (2018). Vitamin D in vascular calcification: a double-edged sword?. Nutrients, 10(5), 652.
38.    Van Ballegooijen, A. J., Pilz, S., Tomaschitz, A., Grübler, M. R., & Verheyen, N. (2017). The synergistic interplay between vitamins D and K for bone and cardiovascular health: a narrative review. International journal of endocrinology, 2017.
39.    Koshihara, Y., & Hoshi, K. (1997). Vitamin K2 enhances osteocalcin accumulation in the extracellular matrix of human osteoblasts in vitro. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 12(3), 431-438.
40.    Ushiroyama, T., Ikeda, A., & Ueki, M. (2002). Effect of continuous combined therapy with vitamin K2 and vitamin D3 on bone mineral density and coagulofibrinolysis function in postmenopausal women. Maturitas, 41(3), 211-221.
41.    Van Ballegooijen, A. J., & Beulens, J. W. (2017). The role of vitamin K status in cardiovascular health: evidence from observational and clinical studies. Current nutrition reports, 6(3), 197-205.
42.    Dofferhoff, A. S., Piscaer, I., Schurgers, L. J., Visser, M. P., van den Ouweland, J. M., de Jong, P. A., … & Maassen, C. (2020). Reduced Vitamin K Status as a Potentially Modifiable Risk Factor of Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019. Clinical Infectious Diseases.
43.    Anastasi, E., Ialongo, C., Labriola, R., Ferraguti, G., Lucarelli, M., & Angeloni, A. (2020). Vitamin K deficiency and covid-19. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation, 80(7), 525-527.
44.    Pan, M. H., Maresz, K., Lee, P. S., Wu, J. C., Ho, C. T., Popko, J., … & Badmaev, V. (2016). Inhibition of TNF-α, IL-1α, and IL-1β by pretreatment of human monocyte-derived macrophages with menaquinone-7 and cell activation with TLR agonists in vitro. Journal of medicinal food, 19(7), 663-669.
45.    Reddi, K., Henderson, B., Meghji, S., Wilson, M., Poole, S., Hopper, C., … & Hodges, S. J. (1995). Interleukin 6 production by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human fibroblasts is potently inhibited by naphthoquinone (vitamin K) compounds. Cytokine, 7(3), 287-290.
46.    Xia, J., Matsuhashi, S., Hamajima, H., Iwane, S., Takahashi, H., Eguchi, Y., … & Ozaki, I. (2012). The role of PKC isoforms in the inhibition of NF-κB activation by vitamin K2 in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 23(12), 1668-1675.

IBS

Worldwide Prevalence and Burden of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders, Results of Rome Foundation Global Study. Gastroenterology 2020 Apr 12; S0016-5085(20)30487-X. https://www.gastrojournal.org/article/S0016-5085(20)30487-X/fulltext.

Association between Brachyspira and irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhoea.

Gut 2020, Online First: 11 November. DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-321466.  https://gut.bmj.com/content/early/2020/11/10/gutjnl-2020-321466.  

Controlled Delivery of Bile Acids to the Colon. Clinical and Translational Gastroenterology 2020, December, 11: 12, e00229. DOI: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000229.

Allergy-Related Diseases During Childhood And Risk Of Irritable Bowel Syndrome at 16 Years: a Swedish Birth Cohort Study. Presented at UEG Week Virtual 2020. Related: The epidemiology of irritable bowel syndrome. Clinical Epidemiology 2014: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3921083; Epidemiology and burden of chronic constipation. Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology.2011: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3206560.

Randomised, double-blind, placebo controlled multi-centre study to assess the efficacy, tolerability and safety of Enterosgel® in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhoea (IBS-D) in adults. Trials 2020, 21, 122: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-020-4069-x.

RESEARCH

β-Carotene Oxygenase 1 Activity Modulates Circulating Cholesterol Concentrations in Mice and Humans. Journal of Nutrition 2020, 150: 8, 2023–30: https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxaa143.

β-carotene conversion to vitamin A delays atherosclerosis progression by decreasing hepatic lipid secretion in mice.  Journal of Lipid Research 2020, 61(11):1491-1503. DOI: 10.1194/jlr.RA120001066.

Therapeutic responses to Roseomonas mucosa in atopic dermatitis may involve lipid-mediated TNF-related epithelial repair. Science Translational Medicine 2020. DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaz8631.